Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ekuxhumaneni Okunezintambo
Ukudluliswa kwedatha kuyinqubo yokuthumela nokwamukela idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuxhumana. Ezweni lanamuhla elixhumene kakhulu, ukudluliswa kwedatha sekubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuxhumana ngezintambo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici ezahlukahlukene zokudluliswa kwedatha ngokuxhumana ngezintambo, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zekhebula, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo, izinzuzo nezingozi, kanye nentuthuko yakamuva kulo mkhakha.
Izinhlobo Zezintambo Ekuxhumaneni Kwedatha
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezintambo ezisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwedatha, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Nansi incazelo emfushane yezinye zezinhlobo zezintambo ezivame kakhulu:
1. Ikhebula Eliphendukile Elihlanganisiwe
Ikhebula elisontiwe lingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zekhebula ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. Lakhiwe izintambo ezimbili zethusi ezisontiwe ndawonye ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zale khebula: i-unshielded twisted pair (UTP) kanye ne-shielded twisted pair (STP).
– I-UTP: Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumanethiwekhi e-Ethernet ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokulula kokufakwa. Amakhebula esigaba 5e (Isigaba 5e) kanye nesigaba 6 (Isigaba 6) ayizibonelo ezivamile zamakhebula e-UTP asetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi endawo (ama-LAN).
– I-STP: Inezivikelo ezengeziwe zokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka. Nakuba kubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyifaka, i-STP ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezine-EMI ephezulu.
2. Ikhebula le-Coaxial
Ikhebula le-coaxial linesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, esakhiwe yi-conductor ephakathi, i-dielectric insulation, i-conductor yangaphandle eboshwe, kanye ne-sheath yangaphandle. Le khebula yaziwa ngekhono layo lokudlulisa idatha ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu okuphazamiseka. Ikhebula le-coaxial livame ukusetshenziselwa izimpawu zethelevishini, ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi okunezintambo, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zedatha.
Isibonelo sekhebula le-coaxial yikhebula le-RG-6 elivame ukusetshenziswa kumabonakude wekhebula kanye ne-inthanethi ye-broadband.
3. Intambo ye-Fiber Optic
Izintambo ze-fiber-optic zisebenzisa imicu yengilazi noma yepulasitiki ukudlulisa idatha ngesimo sokukhanya. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zezintambo ze-fiber-optic yikhono lazo lokudlulisa idatha ebangeni elide kakhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisignali kanye nekhono lazo lokwamukela i-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamakhebula e-fiber optic:
– I-Fiber yemodi eyodwa (i-SMF): Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ibanga elide futhi inikeza i-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu.
– I-Multi-mode Fiber (MMF): Ifaneleka kakhulu ekudlulisweni kwebanga elifushane ngentengo ephansi kune-SMF.
Ubuchwepheshe Obusekela Ukudluliselwa Kwedatha Kumakhebula
Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha ezintanjeni buhilela ukuphatha amasignali edijithali noma e-analog afakwe ikhodi yokudlulisa ngokusebenzisa indlela ebonakalayo. Obunye bobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswayo buhlanganisa:
1. Imodemu Nokuguqulwa
I-modem iyithuluzi eliguqula amasignali edijithali abe amasignali e-analog (modulation) ukuze adluliselwe ngezintambo zocingo, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwawo (demodulation). Ama-modem asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa i-inthanethi yokudayela, i-DSL, kanye nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi.
2. I-Ethernet
I-Ethernet ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obuvumela amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yendawo ukuthi axhumane ngezintambo. I-Ethernet ishintshe kusukela ku-10 Mbps (Megabits ngomzuzwana) yaya ku-100 Gbps (Gigabits ngomzuzwana) nangaphezulu, okwenza kube umgogodla wama-LAN anamuhla.
3. I-DOCSIS
I-Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) ubuchwepheshe obuvumela inani elikhulu ledatha ukuthi lidluliselwe ngamanethiwekhi ethelevishini yekhebula. Isetshenziswa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi yekhebula ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwe-broadband emakhaya nasemabhizinisini.
4. Ubuchwepheshe be-Fiber Optic
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-optical fiber yikhono layo lokusekela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu edatha kanye namabanga amade okudlulisa idatha. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) buvumela ukusakazwa kwedatha okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa phezu kwe-fiber eyodwa ngokuhlanganisa izimpawu kuma-wavelength ahlukene.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokuxhumana ngekhebula
Izinzuzo:
1. Ukuthembeka: Izintambo ezibonakalayo zivame ukuzinza futhi zingaphazamiseki kakhulu kunobuchwepheshe obungenantambo.
2. Isivinini: Izintambo ezifana ne-ethernet kanye ne-fiber optic zinganikeza isivinini sokudlulisa idatha esiphezulu kakhulu.
3. Ukuphepha: Ukuxhumana ngezintambo kunzima kakhulu ukukuvimba ngokomzimba kunezimpawu ezingenantambo.
Ukulahlekelwa:
1. Izindleko Zokufaka: Ukufaka izintambo ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi i-fiber optics, kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kube yinkimbinkimbi.
2. Ukuguquguquka: Amakhebula anciphisa ukuhamba kwedivayisi ngoba kumele axhunywe ngokomzimba kunethiwekhi.
3. Ukulungiswa: Amakhebula adinga ukulungiswa futhi angalimala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, adinga ukushintshwa noma ukulungiswa.
Intuthuko Yamuva Nekusasa
1. I-Ethernet engu-400G kanye ne-800G
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Ethernet ithuthukele ekusheshiseni okuphezulu ngezindinganiso ze-400 Gigabit Ethernet kanye ne-800 Gigabit Ethernet, okuhloswe ngazo ukusekela izidingo zedatha ezikhula njalo zezikhungo zedatha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu zezentengiselwano.
2. I-Fiber Yokukhanya Yakamuva
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-fiber optic, njenge-Fibre Channel phezu kwe-Ethernet (FCoE) kanye ne-Passive Optical Network (PON), iyaqhubeka nokwandisa amakhono ezintambo ze-fiber optic. Lezi zixazululo zinikeza isivinini esiphezulu kanye nomthamo owandisiwe wesikhathi esizayo.
I-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT)
Njengoba amadivayisi amaningi exhunywa ku-IoT, isidingo sokudluliselwa kwedatha okusebenzayo nokuthembekile ngezintambo siba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Power over Ethernet (PoE) buvumela amadivayisi e-IoT ukuthi athole kokubili amandla kanye nedatha ngentambo eyodwa, okunciphisa isidingo sezintambo zamandla ezengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Ukudluliswa kwedatha ekuxhumaneni ngezintambo kudlala indima ebalulekile engqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yesimanje. Ngezinhlobo eziningi zezintambo kanye nobuchwepheshe, izixazululo zezintambo zinikeza ukuthembeka okuphezulu, isivinini, kanye nokuphepha. Ngenkathi izinselelo maqondana nezindleko zokufaka kanye nokuguquguquka zisekhona, ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezintambo kuthembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile. Ngentuthuko yakamuva efana nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet obusheshayo kanye ne-fiber-optic, ukuxhumana ngezintambo kulungele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokudluliswa kwedatha zomhlaba wanamuhla oxhunyiwe.
