Ubuchwepheshe Bokuxhumana Eduze Nensimu
I-Near Field Communication (NFC) ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obusebenza ibanga elifushane obuvumela amadivayisi amabili ukushintshanisa idatha ngokumane awalethe ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka komunye nomunye. Empilweni yansuku zonke, i-NFC yaziwa kakhulu ngesici esithi "tap" kumafoni eselula sokukhokha ngaphandle kwemali, ukwengeza ibhalansi yamakhadi kagesi, ukufunda amakhadi okufinyelela, ngisho nokuhlanganisa ngokushesha amadivayisi afana nama-earphone nezipikha. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kulula, i-NFC ingumphumela wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlonza nokuxhumana obukhona isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emndenini we-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngencazelo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izindlela zokusebenzisa, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye neziqondiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-NFC.
Ukuqonda kanye nezici ze-NFC
I-NFC isebenza ngesivinini esingu-13,56 MHz futhi yenzelwe ukuxhumana okufushane kakhulu. Leli banga elifushane empeleni liyinzuzo, njengoba linciphisa ingozi yokulalela uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxhumana okungenantambo okude. Isivinini sokudlulisa i-NFC ngokuvamile singamakhulu ama-kilobits ngomzuzwana, okwenza ifaneleke ukushintshanisa idatha encane efana namakhadi omazisi, amathokheni okuthengiselana, noma ukucushwa okufushane. I-NFC akuyona ubuchwepheshe bokuthumela amafayela amakhulu, kodwa kunalokho ukuqala ukuxhumana, ukuqinisekisa, noma ukushintshanisa ulwazi ngokushesha nangokulula.
Ngokungafani ne-Bluetooth, edinga inqubo yokubhangqa futhi ngokuvamile isebenza ibanga elingamamitha amaningana, i-NFC "ishesha kakhulu": mane ulethe amadivayisi ndawonye bese inqubo iqala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Yingakho i-NFC ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiqalisi sokuqalisa ezinye izinsizakalo, njengokuvula isixhumanisi esithile, ukuqala ukubhangqa kwe-Bluetooth, noma ukusebenzisa okuzenzakalelayo.
Indlela esebenza ngayo kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko
Empeleni, i-NFC ihilela amaqembu amabili: umfundi/umbhali kanye nedivayisi/into efundwayo (ithegi noma ikhadi), noma amadivayisi amabili asebenzayo axhumana. Empeleni, ama-smartphone anamuhla angasebenza njengomfundi kanye "nekhadi" elibonakalayo.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-NFC ecosystem zifaka:
1. I-chip ye-NFC kanye ne-antenna efonini yakho noma kwenye idivayisi. I-antenna ngokuvamile iyi-coil encane esiza ekukhiqizeni insimu ye-electromagnetic.
2. Amathegi e-NFC, angama-chip angasebenzi anamathiselwe ezitikheni, amakhadi, okhiye, noma ezinye izinto. Amathegi agcina idatha elula efana nama-URL, umbhalo, noma ukucushwa.
3. I-Secure Element (SE) noma indlela efanayo yokuphepha (kufaka phakathi i-Host Card Emulation/HCE) yokusetshenziswa okudinga ukuvikelwa okuphezulu, njengezinkokhelo.
4. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile, isibonelo lezo ezilawulwa yi-NFC Forum, ukuze amadivayisi emikhiqizo ehlukene ahambisane.
Kwi-NFC engasebenzi, ithegi ayidingi ibhethri. Amandla ayo "abolekwa" ensimini ye-electromagnetic ekhiqizwa ngumfundi. Uma ifoni isondezwa, insimu ivula ithegi, bese idatha ingashintshwa. Esimweni lapho amadivayisi amabili esebenza khona (isibonelo, ifoni enocingo), angathumela futhi amukele idatha ngasikhathi sinye.
Imodi yokusebenzisa i-NFC
I-NFC ivame ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Imodi Yomfundi/Yombhali
Amadivayisi asebenza njengabafundi noma ababhali bedatha kumathegi e-NFC. Isibonelo, ifoni ingase ifunde ulwazi kumathegi emnyuziyamu ukuze ibonise incazelo yomsebenzi, noma ibhale i-URL kumathegi anamathiselwe edeskini ukuze ivule ikhasi elithile ngokuthepha kanye.
2. Imodi Yokulingisa Ikhadi
Idivayisi isebenza njengekhadi elingokoqobo. Lokhu kuthandwa kakhulu ngezinkokhelo ezingenakuthinta emishinini ye-EDC, ezindaweni zokufinyelela zokwakha, amakhadi ezokuthutha, noma amakhadi obulungu. Le modi ivumela ifoni ukuthi "ilingise" ikhadi, ngakho-ke i-terminal yokufunda icabanga ukuthi ifoni iyikhadi elivamile.
3. Imodi Yontanga-Ku-Ontanga
Amadivayisi amabili ashintshana ngedatha. Le modi yayivame ukusetshenziswa ukwabelana ngoxhumana nabo noma izixhumanisi. Namuhla, ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesibangeli sokudala uxhumano olusheshayo noma olufaneleka kakhulu, njengokuqala i-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi Direct.
Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-NFC empilweni yansuku zonke
Ukwamukelwa kwe-NFC kuya ngokuya kusabalala, njengoba cishe wonke ama-smartphone aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-flagship manje eseyakusekela. Nazi ezinye izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa:
– Izinkokhelo ezingenakuthinta: Abasebenzisi bamane bathinte amafoni abo kutheminali yokukhokha. Ukuthengiselana kuyashesha futhi kulula, ikakhulukazi ngamanani amancane kuya kwaphakathi.
– Ezokuthutha kanye nokuthengisa amathikithi: Izinhlelo eziningi zokuthengisa amathikithi kagesi zisebenzisa amakhadi e-NFC noma ubuchwepheshe obufanayo. Ngisho namaselula angasebenza njengamathikithi edijithali.
– Ukulawula ukufinyelela: Amakhadi abasebenzi, ukufinyelela emnyango wehhotela, noma amakhadi obulungu bejimu angashintshwa ngeziqinisekiso ezikumakhalekhukhwini, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokunciphisa izindleko zokuphrinta amakhadi.
– Ukuzenzakalela kwasekhaya nasehhovisi: Amathegi e-NFC anganamathiselwa ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kusetshenziswe imiyalo ezenzakalelayo, njengokuvula i-Wi‑Fi, ukuvula uhlelo lokusebenza lokuba khona, ukusetha imodi yokuthula, noma ukuthumela umlayezo osheshayo.
– Ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokulwa nokukhwabanisa: Amathegi e-NFC emikhiqizweni angasetshenziswa ukuhlola ubuqiniso, ukubonisa ulwazi lokukhiqiza, noma ukunikeza isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa.
– Impilo kanye nobunikazi: Kwezinye izimo, i-NFC ingasiza ekushintshisaneni idatha yobunikazi noma ulwazi lwesiguli ngesisekelo esilinganiselwe ngezindinganiso ezithile zokuphepha.
Izinzuzo ze-NFC
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani i-NFC yamukelwa kabanzi:
1. Okusebenzayo futhi okusheshayo
Isenzo esithi “thepha” silula kakhulu. Abasebenzisi akudingeki baseshe idivayisi ohlwini lwe-Bluetooth noma bathayiphe ikhodi.
2. Yonga amandla
Kumathegi angasebenzi, akukho mthombo wamandla wangaphakathi. Kumaselula, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-NFC ngokuvamile kuphansi.
3. Ukuphepha okungcono kakhulu ngenxa yebanga eliseduze
Ukusondelana kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba okuhlaselwa okude. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi i-NFC ayivikelekile engozini.
4. Ukuhambisana okubanzi
Ukuhlelwa kwe-NFC Forum kusiza amadivayisi ahlukahlukene kanye nama-terminal ukuthi asebenze ndawonye.
Izingozi nezinselele zokuphepha
Nakuba amabanga amafushane enikeza izinzuzo, ukuphepha kwe-NFC kusadinga ukunakwa. Ezinye izingozi ezaziwayo zifaka:
– Ukusheshisa nokulalela (ukuthepha) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi uma umhlaseli eseduze kakhulu noma esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
– Ukuhlasela kwe-relay, okwandisa “ibanga” le-NFC ngosizo lwedivayisi engumlamuleli ukuze i-terminal ibonakale sengathi ifunda ikhadi elikwenye indawo.
– Amathegi anonya, isibonelo amathegi aqukethe izixhumanisi zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane noma abangela izenzo ezithile ocingweni.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi kufezwa ngokubethela, ukufaka amathokheni okuthengiselana (ikakhulukazi okukhokha), ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, imikhawulo ezenzweni ezenzakalelayo, kanye nemikhuba yomsebenzisi njengokugwema ukuthepha ngokungahleliwe kumathegi angaziwa ukuthi avelaphi. Izinhlelo zokukhokha zanamuhla zivame ukusebenzisa amathokheni okusetshenziswa kanye kanye nezendlalelo eziningi zokuphepha ukuvimbela ukudalulwa kwedatha yangempela yamakhadi.
I-NFC, i-RFID, kanye nomehluko
I-NFC ivame ukubhekwa njenge-"derivative" ye-RFID. Zombili zisebenzisa amagagasi omsakazo ukuhlonza nokuxhumana. Umehluko ukuthi i-RFID inobubanzi obukhulu bemvamisa kanye namabanga—kusukela kumamitha amafushane kakhulu kuya kwamane—kuye ngohlobo. I-NFC icacile kakhulu: ibanga elifushane, ukusebenzisana okujwayelekile kwezindlela ezimbili kwamadivayisi abathengi, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi olwenzelwe ukuba lula. Ngamanye amazwi, i-NFC iwukusetshenziswa kwe-RFID okwenzelwe ukusebenzisana okuphephile nokusheshayo emabangeni amafushane, ikakhulukazi kuma-smartphone namadivayisi ansuku zonke.
Ikusasa le-NFC
Esikhathini esizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi i-NFC ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuba wokwenziwa kwedijithali kobunikazi kanye nezinsizakalo. Ama-wallet edijithali angagcini nje ngokugcina amakhadi okukhokha kodwa futhi namakhadi okuthutha, okhiye bezimoto, amakhadi omazisi, amathikithi ekhonsathi, ngisho namakhadi okufinyelela ehhovisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-NFC ezinkambisweni zokuhlinzeka kanye nokuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi kwande njengoba isidingo sokucaca kanye nokulwa nokukhwabanisa sanda.
Ngaphezu kwamafoni eselula, i-NFC ivame kakhulu nasezintweni ezigqokwayo njenge-smartwatches nama-smartband, okuvumela ukukhokha noma ukufinyelela ngaphandle kokukhipha ifoni. Ngasohlangothini lwezimboni, ukuhlanganisa i-NFC nesistimu ye-backend esekelwe efwini kwenza ukuphathwa kokufinyelela kanye nedatha kube yinto eyodwa, kube lula futhi kubuyekezwe kalula.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe be-Near Field Communication buyisisombululo sokuxhumana okungenantambo sebanga elifushane esibeka phambili isivinini, ukulula, kanye nokusebenzisana. Ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko—umfundi/umbhali, ukulingisa ikhadi, kanye nontanga—i-NFC ikhona ezicini eziningi zempilo yanamuhla, ikakhulukazi izinkokhelo ezingenakuthintana, amathikithi, ukulawula ukufinyelela, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela okulula. Naphezu kwezinselele zokuphepha njengokuhlaselwa kokudluliselwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamathegi, ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha, ukwenziwa kwamathokheni, kanye nemikhuba yomsebenzisi ehlakaniphile kwenza i-NFC ibe ubuchwepheshe obuthembekile nobushintsha njalo. Esikhathini sedijithali, i-NFC izodlala indima "njengebhuloho" phakathi komhlaba ongokoqobo nezinsizakalo zedijithali ezisheshayo, eziphephile, nezisebenzayo.
