Ukubaluleka Kokubethela Idatha
Esikhathini sanamuhla sedijithali, idatha isibe enye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu kubantu ngabanye, izinhlangano, kanye namazwe. Idatha ihlanganisa konke kusukela kulwazi lomuntu siqu kuya emibikweni yezezimali yenkampani, konke okudingeka kuvikelwe. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuvikela idatha ukubethela. Ukubethela idatha kuya ngokuya kuba yinto ekhathazayo njengoba izinsongo ze-cyber zanda. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuchaza ukubaluleka kokubethela idatha, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinzuzo ezinikezayo.
Kuyini Ukubethela Idatha?
Ukubethela idatha kuyinqubo yokuguqula ulwazi olufundekayo lube yifomethi engafundeki ngaphandle kwethuluzi elifanele, okungukuthi ukhiye wokususa ukubethela. Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ingafinyelelwa kuphela yizinhlangothi ezigunyaziwe. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubethela: ukubethela okulinganayo kanye nokubethela okulinganayo. Ekubetheleni okulinganayo, ukhiye ofanayo usetshenziselwa kokubili ukubethela kanye nokususa ukubethela, kuyilapho ekubetheleni okulinganayo, kusetshenziswa okhiye ababili abahlukene: owodwa wokubethela (ukhiye womphakathi) kanye nowodwa wokususa ukubethela (ukhiye wangasese).
Indlela Ukubethela Idatha Okusebenza Ngayo
Enqubweni yokubethela, idatha yombhalo ocacile iguqulwa ibe yi-ciphertext kusetshenziswa i-algorithm yokubethela kanye ne-encryption key. Le algorithm ivame ukuhilela uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yezibalo eyinkimbinkimbi engenakuqondwa ngaphandle kwe-key efanele. Uma umuntu ezama ukufinyelela idatha ngaphandle kwe-key, ngeke akwazi ukuyiqonda, futhi idatha izovela njengengxubevange engenamsebenzi yezinhlamvu ezingahleliwe.
Ukuze akhiphe idatha, umamukeli udinga ukhiye ofanele wokukhipha idatha. Lo khiye uyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokubhala ngemfihlo ngoba ngaphandle kwawo, idatha ebethelwe ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Inqubo yokususa idatha iguqula umbhalo we-cipher ube umbhalo ocacile, okwenza idatha ifundeke futhi isetshenziswe njengakuqala.
Kungani Ukubethela Idatha Kubalulekile?
1. Ukuvikelwa Ekwebiweni Kwedatha
Njengoba ukwanda kokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kanye nokwebiwa kwedatha sekuyinto eza kuqala. Ukubethela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni idatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Uma idatha yebiwa ngumhlaseli kodwa ibethelwe, umhlaseli ngeke akwazi ukuqonda ulwazi ngaphandle kwenkinobho efanele yokubethela.
2. Ukuphepha Kwedatha Yomuntu Siqu
Ulwazi lomuntu siqu olufana nezinombolo zokuphepha komphakathi, ulwazi lwezokwelapha, kanye nemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu lubucayi kakhulu futhi kumele luvikelwe kahle. Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ngabe lolu lwazi luwela ezandleni ezingalungile, alukwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbi.
3. Ukuthobela Imithethonqubo
Izimboni eziningi ziyadingeka ngokomthetho kanye nemithethonqubo ukuvikela idatha yamakhasimende azo ngokusebenzisa ukubethela. Isibonelo, imboni yezempilo kumele ihambisane nemithethonqubo ye-HIPAA, ebeka amazinga okuvikela ulwazi lwezempilo lomuntu siqu. Ngokufanayo, imboni yezezimali kudingeka ihambisane nemithethonqubo efana ne-PCI DSS, edinga ukubethela idatha yamakhadi esikweletu.
4. Ukugcina Imfihlo Nobuqotho Bedatha
Ukubethela akuvikeli nje kuphela idatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha. Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha etholiwe ingeyeyokuqala futhi ayishintshwanga ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwebhizinisi kanye nokuthengiselana kwezezimali, lapho ubuqotho bedatha bubaluleke kakhulu.
5. Ukwethenjwa Kwamakhasimende Okukhuphukile
Ukuvikela idatha yamakhasimende ngokubethela kungandisa ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende enkampanini. Amakhasimende anamathuba amaningi okwabelana ngolwazi lwawo lomuntu siqu nezinkampani azethembayo ukuthi zizoyivikela kahle idatha yazo.
Amacala Okusebenzisa Ukubethela Idatha
1. Ukuhweba nge-inthanethi kanye nokuthengiselana kwezezimali
Njalo uma uthenga ku-inthanethi noma uthengiselana ngezezimali, ulwazi olufakayo, njengemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, luyabethelwa ukuze luvikeleke ekwebiweni. Amawebhusayithi asebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-SSL/TLS ukuze abethele idatha edluliselwa phakathi kwesiphequluli sakho neseva yewebhu.
2. Ukuxhumana Nge-elekthronikhi
Izinsizakalo ze-imeyili kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo esheshayo manje zisebenzisa ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ukuvikela ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi bazo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthumeli nomamukeli kuphela abangafunda okuqukethwe komlayezo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi.
3. Isitoreji Sedatha Efwini
Iningi lezinsizakalo zokugcina amafu, njenge-Google Drayivu kanye ne-Dropbox, zisebenzisa ukubethela ukuvikela idatha yomsebenzisi. Lokhu kuvikela idatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kanye nokuvuza kwedatha.
4. Ukuvikelwa Kwemininingwane Yezokwelapha
Amarekhodi ezempilo kagesi (i-EHR) asetshenziswa ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo yezokwelapha kumele abhalwe ngemfihlo ukuze ahambisane nemithethonqubo yezempilo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi isiguli siyimfihlo.
Izinselele Ekubethelweni Kwedatha
Noma kunjalo, kunezinselele eziningana ezihlobene nokubethela idatha. Izinkinobho zokubethela kumele ziphathwe kahle; ngaphandle kwalokho, idatha ebethelwe ingase ingafinyeleleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubethela kungenza izinhlelo zihambe kancane futhi kudinge izinsiza ezengeziwe zokubala.
1. Ukuphathwa Okubalulekile
Ukuphathwa kwezihluthulelo kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu ekubethelweni kwedatha. Izihluthulelo zokubethela kumele zigcinwe ngokuphephile nangokushesha kufinyeleleke kubantu abagunyaziwe. Uma izihluthulelo zilahleka noma zivuza, idatha ebethelwe ayifinyeleleki, noma okubi nakakhulu, ifinyeleleke kubantu abangagunyaziwe.
2. Ukusebenza Kwesistimu
Izinqubo zokubethela nokususa ukubethela zidinga izinsiza zokubala. Uma inani elikhulu ledatha libethelwe, lokhu kungathinta ukusebenza kwesistimu futhi kubambezele ukusebenza.
3. Ubunzima Bokusebenza
Ukusebenzisa ukubethela ezinhlelweni ezikhona kungaba nzima futhi kudinga ukuhlela nokuhlola ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi izinguquko kuma-algorithms noma izinqubomgomo zokubethela kumele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho datha elahlekile noma eyonakele.
4. Izinsongo ezivela ku-Brute Force
Nakuba ama-algorithms okubethela anamuhla ephephile impela, kunengozi yokuhlaselwa ngamandla amakhulu, lapho umhlaseli ezama zonke izinkinobho ezingaba khona ukuze ahlukanise idatha. Kodwa-ke, ngezinkinobho zokubethela ezinde ngokwanele neziyinkimbinkimbi, lokhu kuhlasela kuba yinto engenakwenzeka kakhulu futhi kungathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuphumelela.
Isiphetho
Ukubethela idatha kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela ulwazi esikhathini sedijithali. Kusukela ekuvikeleni idatha yomuntu siqu kuya ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho bokuthengiselana kwezezimali kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho, ukubethela kudlala indima ebalulekile. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kungaletha izinselele, izinzuzo zidlula izingozi. Njengoba umhlaba uba yidijithali ngokwengeziwe, ukubethela kuzoqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yamasu okuphepha kwedatha.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukubaluleka kokubethela, abantu ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano kufanele bazinike isikhathi sokuqonda lobu buchwepheshe futhi babusebenzise ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi. Ngaphandle kokubethela, idatha yethu isengozini yokwebiwa nokusetshenziswa kabi, okungasilimaza thina mathupha nangokomsebenzi.
