Umphumela Wokubambezeleka Kwamanethiwekhi
I-Pendahuluan
Ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi kuyisici esivame ukunganakwa ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi kanye ne-inthanethi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-bandwidth noma isivinini sokulanda singakanani, ukubambezeleka kungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yolwazi lomsebenzisi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha, njengokudlala ku-inthanethi, ukusakaza ividiyo, kanye nemihlangano yevidiyo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi ukubambezeleka kuyini, kungani kubalulekile, izici ezikuthintayo, nokuthi ungakunciphisa kanjani ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi.
Kuyini Ukubambezeleka?
Ukubambezeleka, ngokomongo wokuxhumana, isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze idatha ihambe isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye. Ukubambezeleka kuvame ukulinganiswa ngama-millisecond (ms) ngoba ukunyakaza kwedatha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi kuvame ukushesha kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokubambezeleka okuvame ukulinganiswa, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukubambezeleka kwendlela eyodwa: Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze idatha ihambe isuka kumthumeli iye kumamukeli.
2. Ukubambezeleka kohambo oluya nokubuya: Isikhathi esiphelele esidingekayo ukuze idatha ihambe isuka kumthumeli iye kumamukeli iphinde ibuyele kumthumeli.
I-Latency ingenye yezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukukala ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kanye nomphumela kanye nokulahleka kwephakethe.
Kungani Ukubambezeleka Kubalulekile?
Ukubambezeleka kubalulekile ngoba kungathinta kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene. Eminye yemiphumela ephawuleka kakhulu yokubambezeleka okuphezulu ifaka:
1. Ulwazi Lokudlala Ku-inthanethi
Emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi imidlalo yokudubula yomuntu wokuqala (i-FPS) noma yesu lesikhathi sangempela (i-RTS), ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungabangela "ukubambezeleka," lapho izenzo zomdlali zibambezeleka khona ekusebenzeni. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokudala isipiliyoni sokudlala esinganelisi kodwa futhi kungaba yingozi kubadlali ezindaweni zokuncintisana.
2. Ukusakaza Ividiyo kanye Nengqungquthela Yevidiyo
Ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungabangela ukubhafa noma ukubambezeleka lapho kusakazwa ividiyo. Emihlanganweni yevidiyo, ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungabangela ukubambezeleka komsindo nevidiyo, kuphazamise ukuxhumana kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli.
3. Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezisekelwe Efwini
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe efwini njenge-Google Docs noma izinsizakalo zokugcina idatha eziku-inthanethi zithembele kakhulu ezimpendulweni zeseva ezisheshayo. Ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kungabangela izikhathi zokulayisha ezisheshayo, kunciphisa umkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi.
Izici Ezithinta Ukubambezeleka
Izici eziningana zingathinta ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ibanga Elibonakalayo
Idatha kumele ihambe ngendlela ebonakalayo njengekhebula le-fiber optic noma i-satellite. Uma ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi komthumeli noma umamukeli likhulu, kulapho ukubambezeleka kuba kukhulu khona.
2. Inani lama-Hops
Inani lamadivayisi enethiwekhi (njenge-router namaswishi) idatha edlula kuwo lingathinta ukubambezeleka. Ukugxuma ngakunye kwenezela isikhathi esincane sokucubungula, ngakho-ke uma ukugxuma okuningi, ukubambezeleka kuyanda.
3. Ukuminyana Kwenethiwekhi
Ukuminyana kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi kungandisa isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze idatha ifike lapho iya khona ngoba idatha kumele imiswe ukuze icutshungulwe.
4. Ukusebenza Kwedivayisi Yenethiwekhi
Umthamo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi enethiwekhi, njenge-router, amaswishi, kanye namaseva, nakho kudlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukubambezeleka. Amadivayisi asheshayo futhi asebenza kahle anganciphisa isikhathi sokucubungula idatha.
5. Amaphrothokholi Enethiwekhi Nokucushwa
Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi afana ne-TCP/IP asebenza ngendlela ehlukile engangeza inani elincane lokubambezeleka ngenxa yezidingo zawo zokuqinisekisa nokuvumelanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucushwa okungafanele, njengezilungiselelo ze-DNS ezihamba kancane, kungakhulisa nokubambezeleka.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ukubambezeleka
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kunethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwendlela Yenethiwekhi
Ukunciphisa inani ledatha ye-hops okumele ihambe kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukubambezeleka. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokukhetha imizila emifushane noma ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) ukuze kube nomzila osebenza kahle.
2. Thuthukisa Amadivayisi Enethiwekhi
Ukusebenzisa ama-router athuthukile futhi asheshayo, amaswishi, kanye namaseva kungasiza ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokucubungula idatha ngesikhathi ngasinye.
3. Ukusebenzisa i-CDN (Inethiwekhi Yokulethwa Kokuqukethwe)
I-CDN ingasabalalisa amakhophi edatha kumaseva amaningi ezindaweni ezahlukene zezwe, ukuze idatha ifinyelelwe kusuka kuseva eseduze nomsebenzisi ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka.
4. Ububanzi Bomkhawulokudonsa Obukhulisiwe
Nakuba ukwandisa i-bandwidth kunganciphisi ngqo ukubambezeleka, kunganciphisa ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, okungenye yezinto ezibangela ukubambezeleka okuphezulu.
5. Ukukhethwa Kwephrothokholi Okusheshayo
Amaphrothokholi afana ne-HTTP/2 noma i-QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) angasiza ekunciphiseni ukubambezeleka uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrothokholi avamile afana ne-HTTP/1.1.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ukuqaliswa Kwemboni
1. Imidlalo
Izinkampani eziningi zemidlalo ezifana neBlizzard kanye neRiot Games zisebenzisa amaseva esifunda kanye nokulungiswa komzila wenethiwekhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abadlali bathola ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu.
2. Okuqukethwe Okusakazwayo
Amapulatifomu afana neNetflix ne-YouTube asebenzisa ama-CDN ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kufinyelelwa kumaseva aseduze nomsebenzisi, okunciphisa ukubhafa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokusakaza.
3. Amasevisi Efu
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Google ne-Microsoft zisebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-fiber optic azimele kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokwenza ngcono inethiwekhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka nokwandisa ukusabela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe efwini.
Isiphetho
Ukubambezeleka kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi yesevisi kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zenethiwekhi. Ngokwenza ngcono imizila yenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukisa ihadiwe, kanye nokusebenzisa ama-CDN namaphrothokholi asebenza kahle, ukubambezeleka kungancishiswa ukuze kunikezwe ulwazi olungcono lomsebenzisi. Ukuqonda nokuphatha ukubambezeleka kubalulekile kokubili kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kanye nabasebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kuhlangabezana njalo nezindinganiso ezifiselekayo.
