Isakhiwo kanye Nomsebenzi Wezitho Zokuzala Zabesifazane
Uhlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane luyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu enesibopho sokuzala. Lolu hlelo luqukethe izitho ezahlukahlukene ezinemisebenzi ethile, ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhulelwa, ukuthuthukiswa kombungu, kanye nokuzalwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wesitho ngasinye sokuzala sabesifazane.
1. Izitho Zangaphandle
Izitho zokuzala zabesifazane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ayinhloko: izitho zangaphandle nezitho zangaphakathi. Okokuqala, sizoxoxa ngezitho zangaphandle.
a. I-Vulva
I-vulva yingxenye yangaphandle yezitho zangasese zabesifazane. Ihlanganisa izakhiwo eziningana ezahlukene:
– I-Mons pubis: Izicubu ezinamafutha ezitholakala phambi kwethambo le-pubic. Ngemva kokuthomba, le ndawo imbozwa uboya be-pubic.
– I-Labia majora: Izimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu zesikhumba ezivikela ezinye izitho zangaphandle zokuzala. Ziqukethe nezindlala zokujuluka namafutha.
– I-Labia minora: Isikhumba esincane nesibushelelezi esitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-labia majora. Sivikela umgodi wesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nomchamo.
– I-clitoris: Isitho esincane, esizwelayo esitholakala ngaphambili kwe-vulva. I-clitoris ineziphetho eziningi zemizwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusabeleni ngokocansi.
b. Izindlala zikaBartholin
Lezi zindlala zitholakala eduze kwembobo ngayinye yesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Zikhipha uketshezi olusiza ekuthambiseni isitho sangasese sowesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi socansi.
2. Izitho Zangaphakathi
Izitho zangaphakathi zesifazane zidlala indima eqondile ekuzaleni. Nazi ezinye zezitho zangaphakathi eziyinhloko:
a. Isitho sangasese sowesifazane
Isitho sangasese sowesifazane siwumsele onemisipha oxhumanisa izitho zangasese zangaphandle nesibeletho. Ngaphandle kokusebenza njengendlela yokuphuma kwegazi lokuya esikhathini emzimbeni, isitho sangasese sowesifazane sisebenza futhi njengomnyango wepenisi ngesikhathi socansi kanye nomsele wokuzalwa wezingane. Izindonga zesitho sangasese sowesifazane ziyanwebeka kakhulu, okuvumela ukwelula ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
b. Umlomo wesibeletho
Umlomo wesibeletho yingxenye engezansi yesibeletho enwebeka iye esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini, umlomo wesibeletho ukhipha uketshezi olusiza ukuthutha isidoda siye esibelethweni. Umlomo wesibeletho uphinde udlale indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngokuvula ukuze umntwana adlule.
c. Isibeletho
Isibeletho siyisitho esinemisipha esisebenza njengendawo yokukhula kombungu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Sime njengepheya elibheke phansi futhi sakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu:
– I-Endometrium: Ungqimba lwangaphakathi oluhlanganisa isibeletho, lapho umbungu ufakwa khona futhi olukhishwa ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini uma ukukhulelwa kungaveli.
– I-Myometrium: Ungqimba lwemisipha oluphakathi olufinyela ngesikhathi sokubeletha ukuze lusize ekusunduzeni umntwana.
– I-Perimetrium: Ungqimba lwangaphandle oluhlanganisa ingaphandle lesibeletho.
d. Amapayipi e-Fallopian
Amapayipi amabili e-fallopian axhumanisa ama-ovari nesibeletho. Lapho kuvela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda, iqanda liyakhishwa esibelethweni bese lihamba ngepayipi le-fallopian liye esibelethweni. Uma isidoda sikhona epayipini le-fallopian, ukukhulelwa kungenzeka lapho.
e. Ama-ovary
Ama-ovari ayizindlala zokuzala lapho kukhiqizwa khona amaqanda (ama-ovari). Owesifazane ngamunye uvame ukuba nama-ovari amabili, atholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesibeletho. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza amaqanda, ama-ovari akhiqiza nama-hormone i-estrogen ne-progesterone, adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokukhulelwa.
3. Imisebenzi kanye Nezinqubo Zokukhiqiza
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lokuzala lwabesifazane ukukhiqiza amaqanda, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokukhulelwa kanye nokukhula kombungu, kanye nokuzala umntwana. Inqubo yokuzala ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
a. Umjikelezo Wokuya Esikhathini
Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uhlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-28 futhi uhlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana:
– Isigaba Sokuya Esikhathini: I-endometrium iyaphela uma kungekho ukukhulelwa, okubangela ukopha kokuya esikhathini.
– Isigaba se-Follicular: Ama-ovari alungiselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amasha. I-hormone ye-FSH ikhuthaza ukukhula kwama-follicle aqukethe iqanda.
– Ukuvuthwa: Cishe ngosuku lwe-14, iqanda liyakhishwa esibelethweni futhi selilungele ukukhulelwa.
– Isigaba se-Luteal: I-follicle ekhiphe iqanda ikhula ibe yi-corpus luteum, ekhipha i-progesterone ukuze ilungiselele isibeletho ukwamukela umbungu.
b. Ukuvundisa
Uma isidoda sifinyelela futhi sivundisa iqanda ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sohambo lwalo ngepayipi le-fallopian, iqanda liphenduka i-zygote bese liya esibelethweni ukuze lifakwe.
c. Ukukhulelwa
Ngemva kokufakelwa, i-zygote ikhula ibe umbungu, bese kuba umbungu. Isibeletho sinikeza indawo edingekayo yokukhula kombungu, okuhlanganisa ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuvikelwa kuze kube yilapho kuzalwa.
d. Ukubeletha
Ukubeletha, okwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana, kuqala lapho ukufinyela kwemisipha yesibeletho kubangela ukuthi umlomo wesibeletho ukhule ukuze umntwana azalwe. Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, i-placenta nayo iyakhishwa esibelethweni.
Isiphetho
Izitho zokuzala zesifazane ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zenzelwe ngendlela ekhethekile ukuvumela ukusebenza kahle kokuzala. Isitho ngasinye sinendima yaso, futhi ukuzala okuphumelelayo kuncike ekubambisaneni phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo. Ukuqonda isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wohlelo lokuzala akubalulekile nje kuphela empilweni yokuzala yabesifazane kodwa futhi nokwandisa ulwazi ngempilo iyonke. Ukugcina impilo yokuzala kubalulekile ngendlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuhlolwa njalo, kanye nemfundo efanele mayelana nokusebenza komzimba kanye nokunakekelwa.
