Indlela Yokubala Okumaphakathi, Okuphakathi, kanye Nemodi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
I-Pendahuluan
Kuzibalo, ukuqonda ukuthi ungabala kanjani isilinganiso, isilinganiso, kanye nemodi kubalulekile ngoba lezi yizilinganiso ezintathu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-central tendency. Isilinganiso, isilinganiso, kanye nemodi zisetshenziselwa ukufingqa isethi yedatha yezinombolo ngenombolo eyodwa, emele kakhulu. Nakuba zonke ezintathu zingasetshenziswa ndawonye, kunomehluko omkhulu endleleni ezibalwa ngayo kanye nezimo lapho isilinganiso ngasinye sifaneleka khona.
Isilinganiso (Isilinganiso)
Incazelo
Isilinganiso yisamba sawo wonke amanani kusethi yedatha ehlukaniswe ngenani lalawo manani. Isilinganiso sinikeza umbono 'wesikhungo' sesethi yedatha, kodwa sithonywa kakhulu yizinto ezingaphandle (amanani adlulele).
Izinyathelo Zokubala Isilinganiso
1. Hlanganisa Zonke Izindinganiso: Engeza zonke izindinganiso kusethi yedatha.
2. Bala Inani Ledatha: Nquma ukuthi zingaki izindinganiso ezikusethi yedatha.
3. Hlukanisa Isamba Sawo Wonke Amanani Ngenombolo Yedatha: Umphumela walokhu kuhlukaniswa yisilinganiso sedatha.
Isibonelo:
Ake sithi sinesethi yedatha elandelayo: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10.
– Hlanganisa wonke amanani: 3 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 37
– Inani ledatha: 5
– Bala isilinganiso: 37 / 5 = 7.4
Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sale sethi yedatha singu-7.4.
Okuphakathi (Inani Eliphakathi)
Incazelo
I-median iyinani eliphakathi kusethi yedatha ehlelwe ngokwezinombolo. Uma inani lamanani kusethi yedatha lingalingani, i-median iyinani eliphakathi. Uma inani lamanani lilingana, i-median iyisilinganiso samanani amabili aphakathi.
Izinyathelo Zokubala Okuphakathi
1. Hlunga Amanani: Hlela amanani kusethi yedatha kusukela kwencane kuya kwenkulu.
2. Nquma Inani Lamanani: Bala inani lamanani kusethi yedatha.
3. Thola Inani Eliphakathi:
– Uma inani lamanani lingajwayelekile, i-median yinani eliphakathi.
– Uma inani lamanani lilingana, i-median iyisilinganiso samanani amabili aphakathi.
Isibonelo 1 (Isamba Samanani Angalingani):
Isethi yedatha: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
- Hlunga amanani: 3, 7, 8, 9, 10
– Inani eliphelele: 5 (okungajwayelekile)
– Okumaphakathi: Inani lesithathu (7)
Ngakho-ke, i-median yale sethi yedatha ingu-8.
Isibonelo 2 (Inani Elilinganayo Lamanani):
Isethi yedatha: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
- Hlunga amanani: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
– Inani eliphelele: 6 (elilinganayo)
– Okumaphakathi: isilinganiso samanani esithathu nawesine -> (6 + 8) / 2 = 7
Ngakho-ke, i-median yale sethi yedatha ingu-7.
Imodi (Inani Elivela Kaningi)
Incazelo
Imodi yinani elivela kaningi kusethi yedatha. Isethi yedatha ingaba nemodi engaphezu kweyodwa noma ingabi nayo nhlobo uma kungekho nombolo evela kaningi kunezinye.
Izinyathelo Zokubala Imodi
1. Bala Ukuvama Kwenani Ngalinye: Nquma ukuthi inani ngalinye livela kangaki kusethi yedatha.
2. Thola Inani Elinemvamisa Ephakeme Kakhulu: Inani elivela kaningi yimodi.
Isibonelo:
Ake sithi sinesethi yedatha elandelayo: 4, 4, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9.
– Bala imvamisa yenani ngalinye:
– 4 ivela izikhathi ezimbili
– 5 ivela izikhathi ezimbili
– 7 ivela izikhathi ezimbili
– 8 ivela izikhathi ezimbili
– 9 ivela izikhathi ezimbili
Ngakho-ke, imodi yale sethi yedatha ingu-7 ngoba ivela kaningi (izikhathi ezi-3).
Amacala Akhethekile
Ayikho Imodi:
Uma inani ngalinye kusethi yedatha livela ngemvamisa efanayo, khona-ke ayikho imodi. Isibonelo: 2, 3, 4, 5.
I-Multimodal:
Uma kuvela amanani amabili noma ngaphezulu anomsinga ofanayo futhi lowo msinga uphakeme kakhulu kusethi yedatha, khona-ke isethi yedatha ibizwa ngokuthi i-multimodal. Isibonelo: 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 inezindlela ezimbili, okungukuthi 3 kanye no-4.
Ukungapheleli Kokusabalalisa:
– Kuhlehlisiwe Kahle: Okumaphakathi > Okuphakathi > Imodi
– Kugobekile Kabi: Imodi > Okumaphakathi > Okumaphakathi
Izicelo kanye nemikhawulo
Isicelo
1. Isilinganiso sisetshenziswa ezimweni lapho inombolo ngayinye kusethi yedatha ibalulekile futhi kungekho okuhlukile okuphawulekayo. Isibonelo: ukubala isilinganiso sokuhlolwa ekilasini.
2. I-median iwusizo kakhulu uma isethi yedatha iqukethe izinto ezingaphandle noma ukusatshalaliswa kuphambene kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuthola intengo yendlu ephakathi nendawo endaweni.
3. Imodi ivame ukusetshenziswa kudatha yesigaba noma idatha enemvamisa ephezulu yenani elithile. Isibonelo, ukunquma usayizi wezingubo othengiswa kakhulu esitolo.
Ukulinganiselwa
– Isilinganiso sithonywa kakhulu yizinto ezingaphandle futhi ngakho-ke asibonisi njalo 'isikhungo' sangempela sedathasethi enokusatshalaliswa okuphambene.
– I-median ayicabangi yonke inani elisethelweni ledatha ngakho-ke ingase ingabonisi lonke ulwazi oluqukethwe kudatha.
– Imodi ingase inganikezi isithombe esiphelele sesethi yedatha, ikakhulukazi uma wonke amanani enobuningi obufanayo noma kunezindlela eziningi.
Isiphetho
Isilinganiso, i-median, kanye nemodi yizilinganiso ezintathu eziwusizo kakhulu zokuthambekela okuphakathi ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha. Ngayinye inezinhlelo zokusebenza nemikhawulo ehlukene, futhi ukukhetha efanele kuncike ezicini zesethi yedatha kanye nombuzo wokuhlaziya okhona. Ngokuqonda ukuthi singabala kanjani nokuthi sisebenzise nini isilinganiso ngasinye, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluningi nezinembile eziqhutshwa idatha.
