Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezenhlalo Nefilosofi: Isibuyekezo Somqondo Nokusebenza
I-Pendahuluan
I-Sociology kanye nefilosofi kuyimikhakha emibili ebonakala ihlukile, kodwa ivame ukuhlangana ekutadisheni kwayo umhlaba womuntu. I-Sociology igxile esifundweni sesayensi somphakathi kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo, kuyilapho ifilosofi igcizelela imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nokuphila, ukuba khona, kanye nolwazi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela le mikhakha emibili ehlobene ngayo, kugxilwe ezicini zayo zomqondo nezisebenzayo.
Izisekelo Ze-Epistemological
Okokuqala, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi bungabonakala ezisekelweni zabo ze-epistemological, noma imibono yolwazi. Ifilosofi ibuza imibuzo mayelana nohlobo lolwazi: Yini esingayazi? Singayazi kanjani? Le mibuzo ibalulekile nakwezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi endleleni yocwaningo. Ifilosofi yesayensi, ikakhulukazi i-epistemology, ithonya isayensi yezenhlalo ekwakhiweni kwayo njengesifundo sesayensi esihlelekile nesinobufakazi.
Isibonelo esicacile saleli thonya yi-positivism eyasungulwa ngu-Auguste Comte, owaziwa nangokuthi uyise we-sociology. I-Positivism umbono wefilosofi ophethe ukuthi ulwazi olusebenzayo luwulwazi olutholakala ngezindlela zesayensi kanye nezama-empiric. UComte wamukela lo mbono we-sociology, wabeka isisekelo sendlela yesayensi yokufunda umphakathi.
Izinkinga ze-Ontological
I-sociology kanye nefilosofi nakho kuyasebenzisana emkhakheni we-ontology, noma isifundo sokuba khona. Isibonelo, izazi zezenhlalo zivame ukubhekana nemibuzo mayelana nokuthi yini ekhona emphakathini. Ingabe imiqondo efana "nesigaba sezenhlalo," "isikhungo," noma "inani" izinhlangano zangempela noma nje izinto ezakhiwe emphakathini? Le mibuzo ye-ontological inezimpande ezijulile kwifilosofi futhi ithonya indlela izazi zezenhlalo eziqonda futhi zihlaziye ngayo izenzakalo zomphakathi.
Umnikelo obalulekile wefilosofi kwisayensi yezenhlalo kulokhu umqondo wokwakhiwa kwezenhlalo, ophikisana ngokuthi izici eziningi zeqiniso lethu lezenhlalo zibunjwa ukusebenzisana kwabantu hhayi yimvelo kuphela. Isibonelo, imibono yethu ngobulili, uhlanga, kanye nezindinganiso zomphakathi ibhekwa njengezakhiwo zomphakathi kunokuba amaqiniso ebhayoloji noma emvelo.
Ukuziphatha kanye Nomthelela Wakho Kwezenhlalo
Ukuziphatha kuyinsimu yefilosofi ephathelene nemibuzo yokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha okulungile nokungalungile. Imibuzo yokuziphatha ivame ukudlala indima ebalulekile ku-sociology, ikakhulukazi kumongo wocwaningo lwezenhlalo. Ekuqhubeni ucwaningo, izazi zezenhlalo kumele zicabangele izimiso zokuziphatha ezifana nokuhlonipha abahlanganyeli, ubumfihlo, kanye nobuqotho besayensi.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwasensimini oluhilela ukusebenzisana ngqo nemiphakathi esengozini ludinga ukucatshangelwa okujulile kokuziphatha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo nesithunzi sabahlanganyeli kuyavikelwa. Izimiso ezifana nemvume enolwazi futhi ezingalimazi zivela ezifundweni zokuziphatha kwefilosofi futhi zisetshenziswa emisebenzini yezenhlalo.
Ithiyori Yezenhlalo kanye Nefilosofi Yezenhlalo
Enye indawo lapho isayensi yezenhlalo nefilosofi kuhlangana khona kusezifundweni zezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi yezenhlalo. Isayensi yezenhlalo iwumzamo wokuqonda nokuchaza ukuguquguquka nezakhiwo zomphakathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukucabanga okujulile kwemfundiso, okubuye kube yinto ebalulekile kwifilosofi.
Izazi zefilosofi ezifana noKarl Marx, uMax Weber, no-Émile Durkheim zanikela embonweni wezenhlalo ngemibono yazo enethonya. Isibonelo, uMarx wasungula umbono wezinto ezibonakalayo zomlando, owagomela ngokuthi izinguquko ezakhiweni zezomnotho yizona ezibangela ushintsho emphakathini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uWeber wahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwenkolo nezomnotho emisebenzini yakhe ethi The Protestant Ethic kanye neThe Spirit of Capitalism. UDurkheim wahlola imisebenzi yezikhungo zomphakathi kanye namaqoqo ekulondolozeni ukuzinza komphakathi.
Imibono yabo ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengemibono yezenhlalo kodwa futhi njengemibono yefilosofi ngesimo somuntu kanye nomphakathi. Kulokhu, imingcele phakathi kwefilosofi kanye nezenhlalo iyafiphala, ngenxa yeminikelo yabo ebalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu impilo yezenhlalo.
Ukugxekwa Nokumelana
Olunye uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi ukugxekwa komphakathi kanye nokumelana. I-sociology ebucayi, njengoba itholakala ku-critical theory kanye ne-postmodernism, ivame ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwefilosofi ukungabaza izakhiwo zamandla kanye nemibono ebusayo emphakathini.
Ithiyori egxekayo, eyasungulwa amalungu eSikole saseFrankfurt njengoTheodor Adorno, uMax Horkheimer, noJürgen Habermas, isibonelo, ihlanganisa izindlela zezenhlalo nokuhlaziywa kwefilosofi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi uhlelo lobungxowankulu nezinye izindlela zokubusa zithinta kanjani ukuqonda komuntu ngamunye kanye nenkululeko. Ikakhulukazi uHabermas wasungula ithiyori yesenzo sokuxhumana ezama ukuchaza ukuthi ukuxhumana okungenasiphazamiso kungaveza kanjani ukuvumelana okunengqondo emphakathini.
I-Postmodernism, eyasungulwa izazi zefilosofi ezifana noMichel Foucault noJacques Derrida, yaqhubeka nokugxeka izinkolelo eziyisisekelo ze-sociology yendabuko futhi yahlola ukuthi ulwazi namandla kuhlobene kanjani. Isibonelo, i-Foucault yahlola ubudlelwano phakathi kolwazi namandla ezikhungweni ezifana namajele, izibhedlela kanye nezikole, yaqokomisa izindlela izinhlobo ezithile zolwazi ezisetshenziswa ngazo ukulawula nokuyala abantu ngabanye.
Izicelo Eziwusizo
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi bunemiphumela ebalulekile esebenzayo. Isibonelo, ukuqonda kwefilosofi ngobulungiswa bezenhlalo kungacebisa ukuhlaziywa kwezenhlalo kokungabi nabulungisa kanye nokungalingani emphakathini. Ngokwesimo senqubomgomo yomphakathi, imibono yefilosofi ngamalungelo abantu, inkululeko, kanye nobulungiswa ingaqondisa ososayensi bezenhlalo ekunikezeni izixazululo eziphelele nezinobuntu ezinkingeni zomphakathi.
Isibonelo, izindaba ezifana nobumpofu, ukucwaswa ngokohlanga, kanye nokungalingani ngokobulili azikwazi ukuhlaziywa kuphela kusukela kudatha eqinisekisiwe kodwa futhi zidinga ukuzindla ngefilosofi ngalokho okufanele kube yisisekelo esijwayelekile senqubomgomo yomphakathi. Kulokhu, i-sociology kanye nefilosofi kusebenza ndawonye hhayi nje ukuqonda umhlaba kodwa futhi ukuwuguqula ube yindawo enobulungisa nenomusa.
Isiphetho
Sekukonke, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-sociology nefilosofi buyashintshashintsha futhi buyahambisana. Busebenzisana emazingeni e-epistemological, ontological, ethical, kanye nethiyori, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo okuthinta inqubomgomo kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhlanganisa indlela ye-empiric ye-sociology kanye nokuzindla okujulile kwefilosofi, singathola ukuqonda okuphelele nokubucayi komphakathi kanye nezimo zomphakathi ezikuwo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi akugcini nje ngokucebisa imiqondo kanye nezindlela kuzo zombili lezi zinsimu kodwa futhi kuvula indlela yokuhlaziywa kwezenhlalo kanye nokungenelela okuphumelelayo nokunokuziphatha. Ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi nelinobuningi, inhlanganisela yezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi inikeza ithuluzi elinamandla lokuqonda nokubhekana nezinselele ezibhekene nesintu.
