Amaqembu Ezenhlalo Nezindlela Zawo Zokusebenza
I-Pendahuluan
Amaqembu ezenhlalo ayisici esiyisisekelo esifundweni sezenhlalo. Angamaqoqo abantu abasebenzisana futhi ababelana ngobuntu obufanayo, izindinganiso, kanye nemigomo. Iqembu lezenhlalo lingasukela eqenjini elincane njengomndeni noma iqembu labangane kuya eqenjini elikhulu elingase lihlanganise umphakathi noma ngisho nesizwe. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezahlukahlukene zamaqembu ezenhlalo, kusukela encazelweni yawo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo kuya endimeni yawo emphakathini kanye nokuguquguquka okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwawo.
Ukuqonda Amaqembu Ezenhlalo
Ngokuvamile, iqembu lezenhlalo lichazwa njengeqoqo labantu abaxhumana futhi baxhumana komunye nomunye esimweni sezenhlalo. Lokhu kuxhumana kungaba okusemthethweni noma okungahlelekile. Ezinye izici zeqembu lezenhlalo zifaka phakathi izibopho phakathi kwamalungu alo, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokubambisana kanye nokukhathalelana komunye nomunye.
Ngokusho kwesazi sezenhlalo esidumile uGeorge Homans, izakhi ezintathu eziyinhloko zeqembu lezenhlalo ukuxhumana, umuzwa wokuba yingxenye yokwabelana, kanye nenhloso ehlanganyelwe. Ukusebenzisana kuwumsebenzi noma isenzo esenziwa ngumuntu oyedwa esiqondiswe kwabanye eqenjini. Umuzwa wokuba yingxenye yokwabelana uvame ukuvela kokuhlangenwe nakho noma izizinda ezihlanganyelwe, kuyilapho injongo ehlanganyelwe iyimbangela eyinhloko yokubambisana kwamalungu.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaqembu Ezenhlalo
Amaqembu omphakathi angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokusekelwe emibonweni ehlukahlukene:
1. Ngokusho kosayizi:
– Iqembu Elincane: Liqukethe amalungu angakwazi ukuxhumana futhi axhumane ngqo, isibonelo umndeni noma iqembu lokufunda.
– Amaqembu Amakhulu: Akhiwa amalungu amaningi futhi angakwazi ukuxhumana ngqo ngaso sonke isikhathi, isibonelo izinhlangano zikazwelonke noma imiphakathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
2. Ngokwendlela yokwakheka:
– Iqembu Eliyinhloko: Amaqembu akha ngokwemvelo futhi anobuhlobo obuseduze, isibonelo umndeni nabangane.
– Iqembu Lesibili: Iqembu elakhiwe ngenhloso ethile futhi ubudlelwano obungaphakathi kwalo busemthethweni, isibonelo inkampani noma inhlangano yesikole.
3. Ngokwezinga Lokusebenza Okusemthethweni:
– Amaqembu Ahlelekile: Amaqembu akhiwe ngezakhiwo nemithetho ecacile, isibonelo izinkampani nohulumeni.
– Amaqembu Angahlelekile: Amaqembu angenazo izakhiwo nemithetho ehlelekile, isibonelo amaqembu okuzilibazisa noma imibuthano yobungani.
Imisebenzi Yamaqembu Ezenhlalo
Amaqembu omphakathi anemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene edlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabantu kanye nomphakathi wonke:
1. Ukuxhumana nabantu:
Amaqembu ezenhlalo yiwona asebenza ngokuyinhloko enkambisweni yokuhlalisana lapho abantu befunda khona izimiso, izindinganiso, kanye namasiko omphakathi.
2. Ukuzazi Nokusekelwa:
Ngamaqembu omphakathi, abantu bangakha ubuwena futhi bathole ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo.
3. Ukubambisana kanye Nokufeza Umgomo:
Amaqembu omphakathi avumela amalungu awo ukuthi asebenzisane ukuze afinyelele imigomo ebekungenakwenzeka ukuyifinyelela ngawodwana.
4. Ukulawulwa Komphakathi:
Amaqembu omphakathi adlala indima ekuqapheni nasekuphoqeleleni izindinganiso zomphakathi, okusiza ekugcineni ukuhleleka komphakathi.
Amandla Eqembu Lomphakathi
Ukuguquguquka kweqembu lezenhlalo kuhlanganisa izinqubo zoshintsho ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweqembu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinguquko esakhiweni, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu, kanye namaphethini okuxhumana. Ezinye izici ezithonya ukuguquguquka kweqembu lezenhlalo yilezi:
1. Ubuholi:
Ubuholi budlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kweqembu. Abaholi abaphumelelayo bangakhuthaza amalungu, baqondise ukufeza imigomo, futhi benze kube lula ukuxhumana nokubambisana. Izitayela ezahlukene zobuholi zithonya ukushintshela kweqembu, njengobuholi obunobushiqela, obubusa ngentando yeningi, kanye nobuholi obungenaso isineke.
2. Ukuxhumana:
Ikhwalithi kanye nokugeleza kokuxhumana kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzwana kweqembu. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nokwethembeka kuvumela amalungu ukuveza imibono, imizwa, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano.
3. Izindinganiso Nezindinganiso:
Amaqembu ezenhlalo avame ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zangaphakathi kanye nezindinganiso ezilawula ukuziphatha kwamalungu awo. Lezi zindinganiso zingashintsha kuye ngezimo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle eqenjini. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso kuvame ukuholela ekujezisweni komphakathi, kokubili kumalungu eqembu nakumholi weqembu.
4. Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Nokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano:
Ingxabano ngaphakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi cishe ayinakugwenywa. Ingxabano ingavela emithonjeni eyahlukahlukene, njengokungafani kwezidingo, izintshisekelo, noma imibono. Indlela iqembu eliphatha futhi lixazulula ngayo ingxabano ithinta kakhulu inhlalakahle yalo kanye nokuzinza kwalo. Amasu anjengokulamula, ukuxoxisana, kanye nokuvumelana avame ukusetshenziswa ukuxazulula ingxabano.
5. Ushintsho Lwamalungu:
Ukuguquka kwamalungu kungathinta ukuguquguquka kweqembu. Ukufika kwamalungu amasha kungaletha imibono nemibono emisha, kodwa kungadala nokungezwani kanye nokungaqiniseki kwesikhashana. Izigaba ezinhlanu emjikelezweni wokuphila kweqembu lomphakathi ukwakheka, ukuhlasela, ukulinganisela, ukusebenza, kanye nokuhlehlisa.
Izibonelo Zokuguquguquka Kwamaqembu Ezenhlalo Ezinhlanganweni Zezinkampani
Ngokwesimo sezinhlangano zezinkampani, ukuguquguquka kwamaqembu omphakathi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kahle. Isibonelo, ithimba lephrojekthi elisanda kwakhiwa lizodlula esigabeni sokwakheka lapho amalungu azana khona. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokungavumelani, kungavela ukungavumelani mayelana nezindlela zomsebenzi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi. Ngenqubo yokulawula, ithimba liqala ukuvumelana ngezindlela zokusebenza ezihlanganyelwe kanye nemithetho yangaphakathi. Esigabeni sokwenza, ithimba lisebenza ngokugcwele ngokubambisana okuvumelanayo. Ekugcineni, ekupheleni kwephrojekthi, ithimba lingahlakazeka.
Isiphetho
Amaqembu ezenhlalo adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ukuhleleka komphakathi futhi ahlinzeka ngesimo lapho abantu bengasebenzisana khona, bafunde, futhi babambisane ukuze bafinyelele imigomo efanayo. Ukuqonda ukuguquguquka kwamaqembu ezenhlalo kunganikeza ukuqonda kokuthi amaqembu asebenza futhi ashintshe kanjani, kanye nendlela athonya ngayo amalungu awo ngamanye. Kwabezomphakathi kanye nochwepheshe abafuna ukuqonda nokusebenzisa kabi indawo yezenhlalo ngezinhloso ezithile, ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwezidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nemigomo yeqembu kubalulekile. Ngokuqonda okujulile kwamaqembu ezenhlalo kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo, singakha izindawo ezisekelayo, ezihlanganisa wonke umuntu, nezikhiqizayo kokubili ezimweni ezincane nezinkulu.
