Ubuzwe kanye nomthelela walo ebudlelwaneni bamasiko ahlukene
I-Pendahuluan
I-ethnocentrism yisimo sengqondo esibheka isiko, imikhuba, kanye nezindinganiso zeqembu elithile lohlanga njengeziphakeme kunezakwamanye amasiko. Leli gama laqala ukwethulwa yisazi sezenhlalo saseMelika uWilliam Graham Sumner ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Nakuba i-ethnocentrism iyisimo esivamile emiphakathini eminingi, umthelela wayo ebuhlotsheni bamasiko ungaba mkhulu futhi uvame ukulimaza.
Kulesi sikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke, lapho ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasiko bukhula ngamandla futhi buyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqonda nokubhekana nobuhlanga sekuye kwaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizogxila kakhulu emqondweni wobuhlanga, ukubonakaliswa kwawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kanye nomthelela wawo ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwamasiko.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-Ethnocentrism
Kalula nje, i-ethnocentrism iwukuthambekela kokubuka konke ngokuyinhloko ngokombono wakho wamasiko nokunganaki noma ukuhlambalaza amanye amasiko. Ezinye izici ezibalulekile ze-ethnocentrism zifaka:
1. Ukungabi Nasici Kwamasiko: Inkolelo yokuthi isiko lomuntu siqu lingcono kakhulu futhi lilungile kakhulu, kuyilapho amanye amasiko ebhekwa njengaphansi noma aphansi.
2. Ukwahlulela Kwamasiko: Ukwahlulela amanye amasiko ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni nasezindinganisweni zakho. Isibonelo, ukubheka ingubo noma izinkolelo zeqembu elithile njengento "engavamile" noma "engalungile" ngoba nje zihlukile.
3. Ukulondoloza Ubunjalo Besiko: Imizamo yokugcina isiko lakho ngenkathi wenqaba noma ugwema ithonya lamanye amasiko abhekwa njengabhubhisayo noma angafanele.
Ukubonakaliswa Kobuzwe Empilweni Yansuku Zonke
Ubu-ethnocentrism bungabonakala ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila, kokubili emazingeni omuntu ngamunye kanye nasezingeni elihlangene. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zobu-ethnocentrism:
1. Ulimi Nokuxhumana: Ukukhetha amagama, izaga, noma izitayela zokuxhumana kungabonisa ubuhlanga. Isibonelo, abantu abaphikelela ekusebenziseni ulimi lwabo lwendabuko endaweni enamasiko amaningi ngaphandle kokunaka amakhono olimi abanye.
2. Imfundo: Uhlelo lwezifundo olugxila emlandweni kanye namasiko akho kuphela ngaphandle kokunikeza isikhala sokufunda amanye amasiko, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umbono omncane nowobuzwe kubafundi.
3. Ukwenza Izinqumo Emsebenzini: Abenzi bezinqumo bangase bakhethe abasebenzi abanesizinda samasiko afana nesabo, bakhiphe abantu abafanelekayo abavela kwamanye amasiko ngenxa yokuthi “amasiko awafani.”
4. Imidiya Nokuzijabulisa: Izindaba ezikumafilimu, kuthelevishini nasezindabeni zingaba nobandlululo olukhulu ngokohlanga, ziveze isiko lomuntu njengeliphakeme futhi ngokuvamile lihlambalaza noma lifaka amanye amasiko engqubuzana.
Umthelela Wobuzwe Ebuhlotsheni Bezamasiko Ahlukene
Uma ubuhlanga buthonya ukusebenzisana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukuvela Kwengxabano Yamasiko: Lapho amaqembu avela emasikweni ahlukene ephikelela ukuthi izindlela zawo nezindinganiso zawo zilungile kakhulu, kuvame ukubangela ukungezwani nokungqubuzana. Ubuhlanga bungenza kube nzima ukuxazulula izingxabano ngenxa yokungaqondi nokwazisa umehluko.
2. Ukubandlululwa Nokucwaswa: Amaqembu amancane amasiko avame ukubhekana nokucwaswa kanye nokucwaswa ngoba abhekwa njengaphansi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokudala ukungabi nabulungisa emphakathini kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa komphakathi kanye nokubumbana.
3. Ukungaqondani kanye nokucwaswa: Imibono emibi ebangelwa ubandlululo lobuhlanga ivame ukuholela ekungaqondani. Isibonelo, othile angase ahlulele imikhuba ethile yokudla noma imikhosi yenkolo “njengeyobuqaba” noma “engaphucukile,” okuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa isihlamba esibi esizungezile leso siko.
4. Ubunzima Ekusebenzisaneni Komhlaba Wonke: Ebhizinisini lamazwe ngamazwe, ubuhlanga bungathikameza ukubambisana. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezinamaqembu amazwe ngamazwe anamalungu agxile kakhulu kubuhlanga zingase zibe nobunzima bokufinyelela ukuhlanganiswa nokusebenza kahle ngoba ukungafani kwamasiko akuqashelwa.
5. Ukungakwazi Ukuqonda: Ngenxa yobandlululo lobuhlanga, abantu baphuthelwa amathuba okufunda kwamanye amasiko, okungase kwandise ulwazi lwabo nolwazi lwabo. Lesi simo sengqondo sinciphisa ukuvuleka kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ukunqoba Ubuzwe
Ukunqoba ubandlululo lobuhlanga akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa akuyona into engenakwenzeka. Ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha zifaka:
1. Imfundo Yamasiko Ahlukahlukene: Ukuthuthukisa ikharikhulamu ehlanganisa wonke umuntu yamasiko ahlukahlukene kungasiza ekugxiliseni inhlonipho nokuqondana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene kusukela besebancane. Imfundo kufanele ikhuthaze abafundi ukuba babone ukubaluleka kokwehluka futhi baqonde ukuthi akukho siko elingcono.
2. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwamasiko Ahlukahlukene: Endaweni yokusebenza, izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezigxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuqwashisa ngamasiko ahlukene kanye namakhono zinganciphisa izimo zengqondo ezigxile ekubambisaneni ngokohlanga. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kungasiza abasebenzi baqonde umehluko wamasiko nokuthi bangasebenzisana kanjani ngempumelelo nozakwabo abavela ezizindeni ezahlukene.
3. Imidiya Ebandakanya Bonke: Imidiya idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni umbono womphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukumelwa okulinganiselwe nokuhle kwamasiko ahlukahlukene kwabezindaba. Izinhlelo nokuqukethwe okuhlola amanye amasiko ngendlela ehloniphekile nefundisayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni imibono engafani kanye nokubandlulula.
4. Okuhlangenwe nakho Komuntu Siqu Okuqondile: Ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana okuqondile kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwabantu abavela emasikweni ahlukene kungasiza ekuqedeni izithiyo zobuhlanga. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokushintshana kwabafundi, ukuzithandela kwamanye amazwe, kanye namaphrojekthi okubambisana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene kunganikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile futhi kwandise imibono yabahlanganyeli.
5. Ingxoxo Evulekile Nekhulumayo: Ukudala indawo yengxoxo evulekile lapho abantu bengabelana khona ngemibono yabo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngaphandle kokwahlulela kubalulekile. Ingxoxo ingakhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile kokwehluka kwamasiko futhi ikhuthaze ukubekezelelana nenhlonipho.
Isiphetho
Ubuzwe buyinselele yangempela engaphazamisa ukuvumelana nokubambisana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene. Ukunqoba lesi simo sengqondo kudinga umzamo oqondile wokuqonda nokwazisa umehluko wamasiko. Imfundo yamasiko ahlukahlukene, ukuqeqeshwa kwamasiko ahlukahlukene, abezindaba ababandakanya wonke umuntu, okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo, kanye nengxoxo evulekile kuyizinyathelo ezithile eziqondile ezingathathwa ukunciphisa ubuzwe.
Ekugcineni, ngokuhlonipha amanye amasiko nokwamukela umbono ovulekile kakhudlwana, asikwazi nje ukuvimbela izingxabano nokungabi nabulungisa kodwa futhi sidale umhlaba ovumelanayo nobambisanayo. Ubuhlanga bungaba yingxenye yesimo somuntu sokuvikela ubuwena beqembu lakhe, kodwa ngokwazi kanye nemfundo efanele, singafunda ukuphila ngokuvumelana phakathi kokwehlukahlukana.
