Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Amakhamera e-Periscope Kuma-Smartphones
Amakhamera e-Periscope kuma-smartphone angenye yezinto ezintsha ezijabulisa kakhulu ekuthwebuleni izithombe zeselula eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenxa yomklamo we-optical "ogoqa" indlela yokukhanya eceleni, amamojula ekhamera ye-periscope avumela ama-smartphone ukuthi afinyelele amakhono aphezulu okusondeza ngaphandle kokudinga ubukhulu obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwamakhono okusondeza angu-5x, 10x, noma amakhulu kunawo wonke kunenqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enembile kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezigaba ezibalulekile zenqubo yokukhiqiza amakhamera e-periscope kuma-smartphone, kusukela ekwakhiweni nasezintweni kuya ekuhlanganisweni nasekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi.
1. Umqondo Oyisisekelo Wekhamera Ye-Periscope: Ama-Optics Agoqiwe
Ngokungafani namakhamera avamile e-smartphone, abeka ilensi ngqo eduze nokukhanya okungenayo, amakhamera e-periscope asebenzisa i-prism noma isibuko ukugoba ukukhanya cishe ama-degrees angu-90. Ukukhanya kungena kusuka ngaphandle, kuboniswa yi-prism/isibuko, bese kudlula ochungechungeni lwamalensi abekwe ngokuvundlile ngaphakathi komzimba wefoni. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumela ubude obukhulu obusebenzayo ngaphandle kokukhulisa kakhulu ubukhulu be-smartphone.
Ngokombono wokukhiqiza, umqondo "we-optical egoqiwe" unezela izinselele: into ngayinye ye-optical kumele yenziwe ngendlela evumelana nezimo eziqinile, ifakwe ngokunemba okukhulu, futhi imelane nokushaqeka, amazinga okushisa, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
2. Isigaba Sokuklama Nobunjiniyela (R&D)
Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngesigaba sokuklama. Izinkampani ngokuvamile:
– Umklamo we-Optical: ukuhlelwa kwenani lezinto zelensi, ukugoba, izinto (ingilazi/ipulasitiki ebonakalayo), ukuhlelwa kwe-prism, kanye nezinhloso zokukhulisa i-zoom. Onjiniyela be-Optical balingisa ukuhlanekezela, ukuphambuka kwe-chromatic, ukugqama, kanye nokucija okuphakathi nendawo.
– Umklamo wemishini: ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo sebharele, uhlaka, i-prism mount, indlela ye-actuator ye-OIS (Optical Image Stabilization) noma ezinye izindlela zokuzinza.
– Umklamo kagesi: ukuhlanganiswa kwenzwa yesithombe, ikhebula eliguquguqukayo (i-FPC), isixhumi, umshayeli we-actuator, kanye nokuhambisana nebhodi elikhulu le-smartphone.
Kulesi sigaba kwenziwa isivumelwano phakathi kokusebenza kanye nezindleko: ingilazi ivame ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono kodwa ibiza kakhulu futhi iyinselele kakhulu ukuyicubungula, kuyilapho ipulasitiki ebonakalayo kulula ukuyikhiqiza kodwa idinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza ubukhali.
3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwamalensi: Ukunemba Nokumboza Okungaphezulu
Izinto zelensi ze-Periscope zingenziwa ngengilazi ebonakalayo noma amalensi abunjiwe epulasitiki.
1. Ukwakheka kwelensi
– Kumalensi engilazi: ngokuvamile ngenqubo yokusika, ukugaya, nokupholisha. Ikhwalithi yobuso ibalulekile ngoba ukungapheleli okuncane kungabangela ukugqama noma ukwehla kokungafani.
– Kumalensi epulasitiki, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukubumba ngomjovo onembile kakhulu. Inzuzo ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo kwesisindo, kodwa kudingeka ukulawula okuqinile kokuncishiswa kwezinto kanye nokuma kwendawo.
2. Ukugqoka okulwa nokukhanya (ukugqoka kwe-AR)
Ubuso belensi ngayinye bubonisa ukukhanya okuthile. Kumamojula e-periscope—anezici eziningi—ukukhanya okuningi kunganciphisa ukudluliselwa kokukhanya futhi kwandise i-ghosting. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukugqoka okunezingqimba eziningi besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nokufaka i-vacuum. Ubukhulu bokugqoka kumele buhambisane nesilinganiso se-nanometer.
3. Ukuhlolwa kokukhanya
Amalensi ahlolwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokulinganisa ukukhanya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugoba, ukujiya, kanye nekhwalithi yobuso kuyahlangabezana nezimfuneko. Amalensi angahlangabezani nokubekezelelana azokwenqatshwa.
4. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaPrism noma izibuko: Izingxenye Eziyinhloko ze-“Periscope”
Ama-prism e-Periscope angenziwa ngengilazi ekhanyayo bese epholishwa abe bushelelezi kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezivamile:
– Ama-prism anezindawo ezikhethekile ezibonisa ukukhanya: uhlangothi olulodwa lunikezwa isembozo esibonisa ukukhanya (isb. i-aluminium noma isiliva) kanye nesendlalelo esivikelayo ukuze simelane nokushiswa komoya.
– Izibuko ezincane: kweminye imiklamo, izibuko zithatha indawo yama-prism ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle isikhala noma kucatshangelwe izindleko.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-prism ayizinto ezigoba ukukhanya, ngisho nokuthambekela okuncane noma ukungalungi kahle kungashintsha indlela yokukhanya futhi kubangele ukuwohloka kwesithombe noma ukugxila okungafanele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-engeli ye-prism kanye nekhwalithi yobuso kunzima.
5. Iphakheji Yenzwa Yesithombe Nemojuli
Izinzwa ze-CMOS zivame ukunikezwa abakhiqizi abakhethekile. Ngokwesimo sokukhiqiza imodyuli ye-periscope, izinzwa zifakwa ebhodini elincane (i-substrate) futhi zixhunywe nge-FPC. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zifaka:
– Ukubekwa kwenzwa: indawo yenzwa kumele ibe yifanele uma iqhathaniswa ne-optical axis ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthambekela okunciphisa ukucija kolunye uhlangothi lwesithombe.
– Ukufaka izihlungi: njengezihlungi ezisikiwe nge-IR ukuqinisekisa imibala enembile.
– Ukuvikelwa kothuli: I-optical module ibucayi kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ekamelweni elihlanzekile ukuvimbela izinhlayiya zothuli ukuthi zingangeni futhi zibonakale njengezingcola esithombeni.
6. Indlela Yokugxila Nokuzinzisa: I-Actuator Encane Eqondile Kakhulu
Amakhamera e-Periscope avame ukuhlonyiswa ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
– I-AF (Autofocus): isebenzisa injini yekhoyili yezwi (i-VCM) noma enye indlela ye-actuator ukuhambisa amaqembu athile amalensi.
– I-OIS (Optical Image Stabilization): ukulwa nokuxhawulana ngesandla, ikakhulukazi lapho ku-zoom ephezulu. I-OIS isebenza ngokuhambisa iqoqo lelensi noma ukushintsha i-prism/isibuko ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Actuator kuhilela ukudalwa kwezingxenye ezincane ze-electromagnetic, ama-microsprings noma ama-suspension, kanye nezinzwa zesikhundla (isb., izinzwa ze-Hall). Inselele iwukuvumelanisa ukuqina komshini kanye nokunemba kokunyakaza. Ukubekezelelana okuxekethile kungabangela umsindo, ukudlidliza, noma ukuzinza okungasebenzi kahle.
7. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemoduli Ye-Periscope: Ukuqondanisa Okubonakalayo Kuyikho Konke
Ukuhlanganisa kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu. Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:
1. Ukufaka i-prism/isibuko kufreyimu
Kusetshenziswa ama-jig anembile kanye ne-optical adhesive ekhethekile, i-engeli yokufaka iyaqinisekiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokukhanya ingama-degree angu-90 ngqo (noma i-engeli echazwe umklamo).
2. Ukuhleleka kwezinto zelensi
Amalensi afakwa ngokulandelana emgqonyeni. Ukuma kwelensi ngayinye kubalulekile ngoba ezinye izakhi zinezinhlangothi ezithile ezigobile/ezigobile kanye namaphrofayili aqinile.
3. Ukuqondanisa i-lens-prism-sensor
Lesi sinyathelo sivame ukwenziwa ngosizo lwesistimu esebenzayo: imojula ibonisa iphethini yokuhlola, bese umshini wenza ukulungiswa okuncane kuze kube yilapho ubukhali bokukhanya kanye nesikhungo kuqondaniswe. Uma indawo efanele isifinyelelwe, ingxenye iyakhiywa (ngokuvamile ngokubopha ingcina kusetshenziswa i-UV).
4. Ukuvala nokulawula uthuli
Ngemva kokuqondanisa, imodyuli iyavalwa. Eminye imiklamo ifaka ama-gasket ukuze kuncishiswe ukungena kothuli. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ama-smartphone awangenisi umoya ngokuphelele, idizayini yangaphakathi kumele futhi ibhekele izinguquko ekucindezelweni kanye nasekushiseni.
8. Ukulinganisa Nge-elekthronikhi Nokulungiswa Kwesofthiwe
Ngemva kokuba imodyuli ihlanganisiwe, umenzi wenza ukulinganisa:
– Ukulinganisa ukugxila: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yelensi ebangeni elithile lokugxila inembile.
– Ukulinganiswa kwe-OIS: kulinganisa impendulo ye-actuator ekunyakazeni futhi kuqinisekisa isinxephezelo esifanele sokudlidliza.
– Ukulungiswa kokuhlanekezela kanye nokushintsha umbala: imojula ngayinye inezici ezihlukile kancane. Le datha igcinwa ukuze ilungiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-ISP (Iphrosesa Yesiginali Yesithombe) kanye nama-algorithms ekhamera.
– Ukulinganiswa kombala: ukuze kube nokuvumelana kwebhalansi emhlophe kanye nokukhiqizwa kombala phakathi kwamamojula (isb. phakathi kwekhamera eyinhloko kanye ne-periscope).
Esikhathini sokuthwebula izithombe ngekhompyutha, ikhwalithi yemodyuli ayigcini nje ngehadiwe, kodwa futhi nokuthi idatha yokulinganisa isiza kanjani isofthiwe ukulungisa imikhawulo ebonakalayo.
9. Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Nokuthembeka
Imojuli yekhamera ye-periscope kumele iphumelele uchungechunge lwezivivinyo:
– Ukuhlolwa kobukhali (ukuhlolwa kwe-MTF): kulinganisa ukuxazululwa kanye nokungafani ezindaweni ezahlukene zesithombe.
– Ukuhlolwa kothuli nezinhlayiya: kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungcola kwangaphakathi.
– Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa: umjikelezo wokushisa nokubanda ukuze ubone izinguquko zokugxila, ukuzulazula kokuqondanisa, noma ukujiya.
– Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza nokuwa (ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka): kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-prism, ilensi, kanye ne-actuator akushintshi ngemva kokuphazamiseka.
– Ukuhlolwa kokuphila kwe-Actuator: fanisa ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-AF/OIS ukuhlola ukuguguleka.
Amamojula angahlangabezani nezindinganiso azokwenqatshwa noma alungiswe lapho kungenzeka khona.
10. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwama-Smartphones: Izinselele Zesikhala Nezokushisa
Ngemva kokuphumelela isivivinyo, i-periscope module ifakwa ku-smartphone. Lesi sigaba sidinga:
– Ukulingana kwemishini: imodyuli kumele ilingane kahle ngaphakathi kohlaka lwangaphakathi, ingacindezelwa, futhi ingaphazanyiswa ezinye izingxenye.
– Ukuvikelwa kokushisa: Izinhlelo ezisebenzisa i-chip namabhethri kukhiqiza ukushisa. Abakhiqizi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi amazinga okushisa awathinti ukuqondanisa okukhanya noma ukusebenza kwenzwa.
– Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwedivayisi: amakhamera ahlolwa kanye nesofthiwe yokugcina, okuhlanganisa ukushintsha phakathi kwamakhamera, ukuhambisana kombala, kanye nokusebenza kwe-zoom.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqiza ikhamera ye-periscope ye-smartphone kuyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yobunjiniyela bokukhanya, imishini yokunemba, izinto zikagesi ezincane, kanye nokulinganiswa kwesofthiwe. Impumelelo yekhamera ye-periscope ayinqunywa nje kuphela "ngesivinini sayo sokusondeza," kodwa futhi nokuqondana okunembile kwe-prism kanye nelensi, ukuzinza kwendlela ye-OIS, ukuhlanzeka kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa, kanye nekhwalithi yokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa izithombe ezibukhali nezihambisanayo. Ngemuva kwemojuli encane efakwe kahle ku-smartphone kulele uchungechunge lokukhiqiza lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu oludinga ukunemba kuze kufike ezingeni le-micrometer - konke lokhu kuletha ukusondeza okubonakalayo okude entendeni yesandla sakho.
