Umklamo we-Antenna weSignali Eqinile kuThebhulethi
I-Pendahuluan
Amadivayisi ethebhulethi abe yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yansuku zonke yanamuhla. Njengoba imisebenzi yawo ehlukahlukene ihlanganisa ukuxhumana, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nokukhiqiza, amathebhulethi abe ngamadivayisi anemisebenzi eminingi abantu abaningi abathembele kuwo. Kodwa-ke, enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwethebhulethi ukuqinisekisa isignali eqinile nezinzile, kokubili ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi kanye nokunye ukuxhumana kwedatha. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nselele, ukwakheka kwe-antenna okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo kuyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamadivayisi ethebhulethi. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwe-antenna ukuqinisekisa isignali eqinile kumathebhulethi, kufaka phakathi izici ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna, ubuchwepheshe bamuva ekuklanyweni kwe-antenna, kanye nezifundo zamacala zokusetshenziswa kwe-antenna kumathebhulethi.
Izici Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kwe-Antenna
Ukusebenza kwe-antenna kuthebhulethi kuthinteka yizici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
1. Imvamisa Yokusebenza
I-antenna ngayinye iklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile lemvamisa. Amaphilisi ngokuvamile asekela ububanzi bemvamisa yokuxhumana kwamaselula (2G, 3G, 4G, kanye ne-5G), i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, kanye ne-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Umklamo we-antenna kumele ukwazi ukubamba nokudlulisa amasignali ngaphakathi kwala mabanga emvamisa ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu.
2. Usayizi Ongokoqobo Nokuma
Amaphilisi anesikhala esilinganiselwe esibonakalayo, okukhawulela usayizi kanye nesimo sama-antenna angasetshenziswa. Ama-antenna amancane kumele akwazi ukuletha ukusebenza okuhle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla esignali. Lokhu kwenza ukwakheka kwama-antenna kube nzima kakhulu kunamadivayisi anesikhala esibonakalayo esibonakalayo, njengamakhompyutha edeskithophu.
3. Izinto Zethebhulethi kanye Nesakhiwo
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekhasejini lethebhulethi kanye nezingxenye zalo zingathinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna. Insimbi, isibonelo, ingavimba noma ibonise izimpawu ze-RF (Radio Frequency), kuyilapho izinto ezifana nepulasitiki nengilazi zivame ukuba sobala kakhulu ezimpawini ze-RF. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sethebhulethi singadala nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic okuthinta isignali ye-antenna.
4. Isikhundla se-Antenna kanye Nokubekwa Kwayo
Indawo kanye nokubekwa kwe-antenna kuthebhulethi kubalulekile. Ukubekwa okuhle kuzonciphisa imiphumela yokuvinjelwa ezinye izingxenye zangaphakathi kanye nokusebenzisana nezandla zomsebenzisi ezibambe ithebhulethi. Okungcono kakhulu, i-antenna kufanele ibekwe ngendlela yokuthi ihlale ilungile ngisho nalapho ithebhulethi ibanjwe ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ubuchwepheshe Bamuva Ekuklanyweni Kwe-Antenna
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, imiklamo ye-antenna yethebhulethi iyaqhubeka nokukhula. Nazi ezinye zobuchwepheshe zakamuva ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-antenna yethebhulethi:
1. I-Antenna ye-MIMO (Ukufaka Okuningi Okukhipha Okuningi)
I-MIMO ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ama-antenna amaningi ukuthi adlulise futhi amukele amasignali ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kwandisa amandla nokuthembeka kokuxhumeka okungenantambo. Amaphilisi anama-antenna e-MIMO angasebenzisa ukusabalala kwezindlela eziningi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesignali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezibonakaliso eziningi zesignali, njengangaphakathi endlini.
2. I-Antena ye-Broadband
Ama-antenna e-broadband angasebenza ngebanga elibanzi lemvamisa kune-antenna evamile. Lokhu kuvumela i-antenna eyodwa ukuthi isekele amazinga amaningi okuxhumana (njenge-2G, 3G, 4G, kanye ne-5G) ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-antenna amaningi ahlukene. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi kumadizayini asindisa isikhala nezindleko.
3. I-Antena yezinto ezibonakalayo
Ama-metaterial ayizinto zokwenziwa ezinezakhiwo ezikhethekile ze-electromagnetic ezingatholakali emvelweni. Ngokusebenzisa ama-metaterial, imiklamo ye-antenna ingancishiswa ngosayizi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Ama-metaterial avumela ukulawula okungcono phezu kwesiqondiso kanye nephethini yemisebe yesignali, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwesignali kanye namandla.
4. I-Antenna Ekwi-Chip kanye Ne-In-Package
Ukuze kongiwe isikhala, imboni iyaqhubeka nokuzama ama-antenna ahlanganiswe ngqo kuma-chip noma amaphakheji e-semiconductor. Lesi sixazululo sivumela ukonga isikhala okukhulu kanye nokunciphisa ubunzima besekethe ye-RF.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza Imisebe
I-Beamforming iyindlela eqondisa isignali engenantambo ngqo kudivayisi eyamukelayo, kunokuba isakaze kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lokhu kuqinisa isignali etholwa yithebhulethi futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka. Amathebhulethi esimanje angafakelwa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza imisebe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla esignali kanye nokuzinza.
Ukusetshenziswa Komklamo We-Antenna Kuthebhulethi: Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo
Icala 1: I-Apple iPad Pro
I-Apple iPad Pro yaziwa ngomklamo wayo omncane kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa isignali eqinile nezinzile, i-Apple isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-MIMO kanye ne-antenna ye-broadband. Ama-antenna abekwe ngendlela efanele azungeze uhlaka lwethebhulethi, okuvumela ukwamukelwa kwesignali okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izinto zokufaka uphawu, njenge-aluminium, zihlanganiswa nepulasitiki ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izithiyo zesignali. Ubuchwepheshe be-beamforming busetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-Wi-Fi.
Icala 2: I-Samsung Galaxy Tab S7
I-Galaxy Tab S7 ye-Samsung ingenye isibonelo somklamo we-antenna othuthukisiwe. Isebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-antenna e-MIMO kanye nobuchwepheshe be-antenna e-on-chip, i-Galaxy Tab S7 inganikeza ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuzinzile kwe-4G/5G, i-Wi-Fi, kanye ne-Bluetooth. I-Samsung isebenzisa nezinto ezihambisana nesignali njengepulasitiki ezindaweni ezithile ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali ye-RF.
Icala 3: I-Microsoft Surface Go
I-Microsoft Surface Go isebenzisa ama-antenna ahlanganiswe ne-chassis yedivayisi ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala. Ngomklamo we-antenna ongaphakathi kwephakheji kanye nobuchwepheshe be-metamaterial, i-Surface Go igcina iphrofayili encane ngenkathi inikeza uxhumano oluqinile lwesignali. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe, ezihlanganisa izinto zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi, zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesignali ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Isiphetho
Ukwakheka kwe-antenna kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amandla esignali kanye nokuzinza kumathebulethi. Imvamisa yokusebenza, usayizi wedivayisi, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokubekwa kwe-antenna konke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni okuphumelelayo. Ubuchwepheshe bamuva njenge-MIMO, ama-antenna e-broadband, ama-antenna e-metaterial, ama-antenna e-on-chip, kanye nokwenza i-beamforming konke kunikeza izixazululo ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-antenna kumathebulethi. Izifundo zamacala zokusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ahamba phambili njenge-Apple iPad Pro, i-Samsung Galaxy Tab S7, kanye ne-Microsoft Surface Go zibonisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene eziphumelelayo zokubhekana nezinselele zokuklama i-antenna.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe nezidingo zomsebenzisi ziqhubeka nokukhula, imiklamo ye-antenna izoqhubeka nokuguquguquka nokuthuthukiswa ukuqinisekisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi oluphelele mayelana nokuxhumana okungenantambo nokuxhumana.
