Umjikelezo Wokuphila Kwezitshalo
Izitshalo ziyizinto eziphilayo ezinemijikelezo yokuphila ethakazelisayo neyinkimbinkimbi. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo uhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezigaba isitshalo okumele sidlule kuzo, kusukela ekukhuleni kwembewu kuya ekuvuthweni, esikwazi ukuzala nokukhiqiza inzalo entsha. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngomjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi isigaba ngasinye, izici ezithonya le nqubo, kanye nokwehluka kwemijikelezo yokuphila phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo.
Izigaba Zomjikelezo Wokuphila Kwezitshalo
1. Imbewu
Imbewu iyisiqalo somjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo eziningi. Ngaphakathi kwembewu, umbungu wesitshalo uvikelwe uboya obuqinile obuwuvikela ezimweni ezimbi zemvelo zangaphandle. Imbewu iqukethe lonke ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo oludingekayo ukuze ikhule ibe isitshalo esivuthiwe. Futhi igcina izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze iqale ukukhula.
2. Ukuhluma
Isigaba sokuqala ngemva kokuhluma kwembewu ukuhluma. Le nqubo iqala lapho imbewu imunca amanzi, okwenza umbungu uvuvuke futhi uqweqwe lwembewu luqhume. Ngemva kwalokho, kuvela ihlumela elincane, noma i-radicle, elizokhula libe yimpande yokuqala. Izici zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokutholakala kokukhanya kudlala indima ebalulekile kulesi sigaba. Izimo ezinhle zivumela ama-enzyme embewu ukuthi asebenze ekukhuleni.
3. Ukuhluma Kwasekuqaleni (Izithombo)
Ngemva kokuhluma, isitshalo singena esigabeni sokuqala sokuhluma. Kulesi sigaba, isitshalo siqala ukuhluma amaqabunga neziqu zaso zokuqala. Inqubo ye-photosynthesis iqala lapho amaqabunga aluhlaza eqala ukukhiqiza ukudla kwesitshalo ngokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga, i-carbon dioxide, namanzi. Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile lapho isitshalo esincane kufanele sivumelane ngempumelelo nendawo yaso entsha engenhla komhlaba.
4. Ukukhula Kwezitshalo
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhula ngobukhulu ngokuhlukana kwamaseli nokukhula kwawo. Izimpande, iziqu, namaqabunga kuyakhula, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande luba namandla kakhulu, luqinisa ukubamba kwalo enhlabathini futhi luvumele isitshalo ukuthi simunce amanzi amaningi kanye nezakhamzimba. Lesi sigaba sigxile ekuqongeleleni amandla kanye ne-biomass kunokuzala.
5. Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Uma isitshalo sifinyelela ekuvuthweni, singena esigabeni sokuzala. Ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo, lokhu kuhilela ukwakheka kwezimbali, izitho zokuzala. Izimbali ziqukethe izakhiwo zesilisa (stamen) nezesifazane (pistil) ezivumela ukukhulelwa. Ukuvundiswa kwempova kungenzeka ngomoya, emanzini, noma ezilwaneni njengezinambuzane. Ngemva kokukhulelwa, imbali ikhula ibe yisithelo esiqukethe imbewu entsha, iqalise kabusha umjikelezo wokuphila.
6. Ukwakheka Kwezithelo Nokusatshalaliswa Kwembewu
Ngemva kokuzala, kwakheka imbewu entsha bese ivalelwa ngaphakathi kwesithelo. Ukusabalala kwembewu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo luyaqhubeka nokusinda. Imbewu ingasakazwa umoya, amanzi, nezilwane ezidla isithelo bese zidlulisela imbewu ezindaweni ezintsha. Lokhu kusabalala kunciphisa ukuncintisana phakathi kwezithombo ezintsha nesitshalo esingumzali.
7. Ukungalali Nokufa
Ezinye imbewu eziwela phansi zingena endaweni yokungavuki, isikhathi sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuba izimo zilungele ukuhluma. Indawo yokungavuki ibalulekile ekusindeni kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezinzima, njengoba ivumela imbewu ukuthi iphile ezimweni ezimbi kuze kube yisikhathi esifanele sokuhluma. Ukuphela komjikelezo wokuphila kwesitshalo ukufa kwesitshalo esingumzali, okunikeza isikhala nezinsiza zesizukulwane esisha.
Izici Ezithinta Umjikelezo Wokuphila Wezitshalo
Ukukhula kwezitshalo kuthonywa yizici ezahlukahlukene, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle:
– Izakhi zofuzo: Ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo oluqukethwe embewini lunquma izici eziyisisekelo zesitshalo, njengokuphakama okuphezulu, iphethini yokukhula kanye nesikhathi sokuzala.
– Indawo: Izinto ezifana nokukhanya, amanzi, amaminerali enhlabathi, kanye nokushisa kuthinta ngqo umjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi kungavimbela ukukhula.
– Ukusebenzisana Kwezinto Eziphilayo: Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezitshalo nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezinambuzane ezithutha impova noma izilwane ezidla uhlaza nakho kuthinta umjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo.
Ukuguquguquka Komjikelezo Wokuphila Ngokusekelwe Ohlotsheni Lwesitshalo
Umjikelezo wokuphila wesitshalo ungahluka kuye ngohlobo lwaso. Izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ziqeda umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ngonyaka owodwa, kusukela embewini kuya embewini. Izitshalo eziningi zezolimo, njengokolweni nommbila, zikhula minyaka yonke.
Izitshalo ezikhula iminyaka emibili zithatha iminyaka emibili ukuqeda umjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Ngonyaka wokuqala, zigxila ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, kanti ngonyaka wesibili, ziyaqhakaza, zithele izithelo, bese ziyafa. Izibonelo zezitshalo ezikhula iminyaka emibili zifaka izaqathi kanye neparsley.
Izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, njengezihlahla nezihlahla, ziphila iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili futhi zingaqhakaza futhi zithele izithelo izinkathi eziningana. Ngokuvamile zinezimpande eziqinile kanye nezakhiwo zesiqu ezisekela isikhathi sazo sokuphila isikhathi eside.
Isiphetho
Umjikelezo wokuphila kwezitshalo uyinqubo eguquguqukayo ehilela uchungechunge lwezigaba kusukela embewini kuya ekuzaleni. Isigaba ngasinye sidlala indima ehlukile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhula nokuzala okuphumelelayo. Ukuqonda lo mjikelezo wokuphila akubalulekile nje kuphela olwazini lwezitshalo, kodwa futhi nakwezolimo, ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, kanye nemvelo yomhlaba wonke. Izitshalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila eMhlabeni, futhi ukubona uhambo lwazo lokuphila kunezela ekumangalisweni nasekucebeni komhlaba wemvelo osizungezile.
