Umlando Wengxabano Yakwa-Israyeli NamaPalestina
I-Pendahuluan
Umlando wengxabano phakathi kuka-Israyeli nePalestina ungenye yezingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezinde ezweni lanamuhla. Kusukela ezingxabanweni zenkolo, imibuso yasendulo, ubukoloni, kuya ekulweleni iZwe Elingcwele, into ngayinye idlale indima ekwakheni le ngxabano, ebilokhu ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izimpande zomlando zale ngxabano, intuthuko ebalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nomthelela wayo ohlelweni lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Isizinda Somlando
Ingxabano phakathi kwe-Israel nePalestina igxile esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ephakathi esaziwa ngokuthi iPalestine. Lesi sifunda, esinezindawo ezingcwele zobuJuda, ubuKristu, kanye nobuSulumane, sihlanganisa izwe lanamuhla lakwa-Israyeli kanye nezindawo zasePalestina (iWest Bank kanye neGaza Strip).
IPalestina Yasendulo Kuze Kube Yinkathi Yama-Ottoman
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi sifunda sasaziwa ngokuthi iKhanani futhi kamuva sabuswa imibuso eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iGibhithe, i-Asiriya, iBhabhiloni, iPheresiya, kanye neGrisi ngaphansi kuka-Alexander Omkhulu. AmaJuda ayebheka lesi sifunda njengeZwe Lesithembiso, ngokwesiko lawo nemibhalo engcwele. Ekhulwini lokuqala AD, iningi labantu bamaJuda laxoshwa noma labhujiswa uMbuso wamaRoma ngemva kokuvukela okukhulu.
Emakhulwini eminyaka, lesi sifunda sashintsha izandla, kusukela kumaRoma kuya kuByzantine, kwabe sekubusa amaSulumane kusukela ngekhulu lesi-7. Ngekhulu le-16, lesi sifunda saba yingxenye yoMbuso Wase-Ottoman futhi sahlala ngaphansi kokubusa kwama-Ottoman kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe I.
Isikhathi Sobukoloni Nokuvela Kobuzwe
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ubuzwe bamaJuda banamuhla bavela ngesimo seZionism, inhlangano eholwa nguTheodor Herzl. UbuZionism babuhlose ukusungula umbuso wamaJuda ePalestine ngenxa yokwanda kokucwaswa kwamaJuda eYurophu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi esifanayo, ubuzwe bama-Arabhu baqala nokukhula njengendlela yokumelana nokubusa kwama-Ottoman, futhi kamuva, igunya laseYurophu.
Ngemva kokunqotshwa koMbuso Wase-Ottoman eMpini Yezwe I, i-League of Nations yanikeza i-Palestine Mandate kwi-Great Britain ngo-1920. I-Great Britain yaqala ukusekela isiphakamiso sombuso wamaJuda ngaphansi kweSimemezelo saseBalfour sika-1917, kodwa ukungezwani phakathi kwemiphakathi yamaJuda nama-Arabhu kwanda njengoba ukufuduka kwamaJuda ePalestine ngaphansi kwegunya laseBrithani kwanda.
Isikhathi Sokugunyazwa KwaseBrithani kanye Nokungezwani Okukhulayo
Eminyakeni ephakathi kwezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili, ukungezwani phakathi kwemiphakathi yamaJuda nama-Arabhu ePalestina kwanda. Ama-Arabhu asePalestina azizwa encishisiwe ngenxa yokwanda kokufuduka kwamaJuda kanye nezinqubomgomo zaseBrithani ababezibona njengezisekela amaZionist. Lokhu kwaholela ezingxabanweni ezichitha igazi ezifana nokuvukela kwama-Arabhu ngo-1936-1939.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, njengoba kwanda ukuqwashisa komhlaba wonke ngesimo samaJuda sokuQothulwa Kwesizwe, ukusekelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kokusungulwa kombuso wamaJuda kwakhula. Ngo-1947, iZizwe Ezihlangene (i-UN) zaphakamisa Uhlelo Lokuhlukanisa iPalestina, olwalucabanga ukuhlukanisa indawo ibe amazwe amaJuda nama-Arabhu, iJerusalema libe idolobha lomhlaba wonke. Umphakathi wamaJuda walwamukela lolu hlelo, kodwa umphakathi wama-Arabhu walwenqaba.
Izinsuku Zokuqala Zengxabano: 1948–1967
Ngomhlaka-14 Meyi 1948, uMkhandlu Kazwelonke WamaJuda wamemezela ukumiswa koMbuso wakwa-Israyeli. Ngosuku olulandelayo, amazwe angomakhelwane ama-Arabhu ahlasela, aqala iMpi Yama-Arabhu Nama-Israyeli ka-1948. Impi yaphela ngo-1949 ngesivumelwano sokuthula, kodwa ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sokuthula. U-Israyeli wathola indawo enkulu kunalokho okwakuhlongozwe ohlelweni lwe-UN, kuyilapho iGibhithe lithatha iGaza Strip kanti iJordani yathatha ukulawula iWest Bank kanye ne-East Jerusalem.
Ingxabano yaqhubeka ngezimpi ezalandela njengeSiphepho saseSuez sango-1956, iMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha yango-1967, kanye neMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha yango-1973. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha, u-Israyeli wathumba iGaza Strip, iWest Bank, iGolan Heights, kanye neSinai Peninsula. Lokhu kunqoba kwandisa ubunzima bengxabano futhi kwavusa ukumelana kwabantu basePalestina kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe.
Inhlangano YamaPalestina kanye ne-Intifada
Ngemva kweMpi Yezinsuku Eziyisithupha, inhlangano yokumelana namaPalestina yahlanganiswa kakhulu nokwakhiwa kwe-Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) ngo-1964. I-PLO, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaYasser Arafat, yazibophezela ekusunguleni umbuso wamaPalestina ngokusebenzisa umzabalazo wezikhali.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980 kanye nama-1990, ukumelana kwamaPalestina kwafinyelela esicongweni ngokugqashuka kwe-First Intifada (1987-1993). Le-intifada yaphawulwa yizingxabano kanye nemibhikisho emikhulu ngokumelene nokuthathwa kwe-Israel. I-First Intifada yaphela nge-Oslo Agreements ngo-1993, eyanikeza ukuzimela okulinganiselwe kwi-Palestine Authority ezingxenyeni ze-West Bank kanye ne-Gaza. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo yokuthula yabhekana nezithiyo eziningi futhi ayizange iholele ekusungulweni kombuso ozimele wasePalestine.
I-Intifada Yesibili Nezithiyo Zenqubo Yokuthula
Ukwehluleka kweSivumelwano sase-Oslo kwavusa i-Second Intifada kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2005, eyayinonya kakhulu, kwalimala abantu abaningi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Lokhu kungqubuzana kwaqhubeka nokuwohloka kobudlelwano phakathi kuka-Israyeli nePalestine. U-Israyeli waqala ukwakha uDonga Lokuhlukanisa ngaphesheya kweWest Bank, okwakuthiwa kungenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kodwa wagxekwa njengendlela yokuthatha indawo yasePalestine.
Imizamo Yezombusazwe Nokunqamuka Kwesikhathi
Kube nemizamo eminingana yokuthola ukuthula kusukela kwi-Second Intifada, okuhlanganisa nengqungquthela yeCamp David ka-2000, izinhlelo zamazwe amaningana, kanye neziphakamiso ezifana ne-Roadmap for Peace eyabhalwa yi-Middle East Quartet (i-US, i-UN, i-EU, ne-Russia). Kodwa-ke, yonke le mizamo iye yamiswa ngenxa yokungathembani okujulile kanye nomehluko oyisisekelo ngezindaba ezibalulekile njengemingcele yokugcina, isimo seJerusalema, ilungelo lababaleki basePalestina lokubuyela, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zase-Israyeli eWest Bank.
Isiphetho
Umlando wengxabano phakathi kuka-Israyeli nePalestina uhambo olude olugcwele izimpi, imizabalazo, kanye nokulwa okuqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Le ngxabano iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihilela izici eziningi, kusukela emlandweni wasendulo, ubukoloni, inkolo, ezombusazwe zesizwe nezamazwe ngamazwe, kuya ezithakazelweni zomuntu siqu nezeqembu.
Isixazululo sale ngxabano sisalokhu sinzima, kodwa imizamo yezombusazwe kanye nengxoxo phakathi kwamaqembu womabili iyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ikhambi elinobulungiswa nelinokuthula. Ukuqonda umlando kanye nezimpande zenkinga kuphela lapho umphakathi womhlaba wonke ungasiza khona kokubili u-Israyeli nePalestine ukufeza ukuthula kweqiniso.
