Uguquko lwaseMelika kanye nomthelela walo emhlabeni
I-Pendahuluan
I-American Revolution, eyathatha kusukela ngo-1775 kuya ku-1783, yayingeyona nje isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni we-United States kodwa futhi yaba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni. Le ngxabano yaholela ekuzimeleni kwamakoloni aseMelika ekubusweni yiBrithani futhi yakha imibono emisha ngohulumeni, inkululeko, kanye namalungelo abantu ngabanye. Lesi sihloko sizohlola isizinda se-American Revolution, inqubo ngokwayo, kanye nomthelela wayo omkhulu emhlabeni.
Ingemuva leNguquko yaseMelika
Ngaphambi kokugqashuka kwempi, amakoloni aseNyakatho Melika ayephethwe yiBrithani ayebhekene nokunganeliseki okukhula. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezabangela uguquko kwakuyizinqubomgomo zentela zaseBrithani ezingenabo abameli, njengoMthetho Wezitembu ka-1765 kanye noMthetho Wetiye ka-1773. Amakoloni ayephikisana nomgomo "wokungakhokhi intela ngaphandle kokumelwa," ababewubheka njengokwephulwa kwamalungelo abo njengezakhamuzi zaseBrithani.
Ukungezwani kanye nenzondo kwanda njengoba iBrithani isabela emibhikishweni yamakoloni ngezinyathelo zokucindezela, njengokuvalwa kwechweba laseBoston ngemuva kokuphahlazeka komkhumbi wetiye waseBoston ngo-1773 kanye nokugunyazwa kweMithetho Engabekezeleleki ngo-1774. Lokhu kungezwani kwaholela ekuhlanganisweni kweNgqungquthela Yokuqala neyesibili Yamazwekazi, ekugcineni eyabhala iSimemezelo Sokuzimela ngoJulayi 4, 1776.
Inqubo Yokuvukela Umbuso
Impi Yezinguquko yaseMelika yaqala ngezimpi zaseLexington naseConcord ngo-Ephreli 1775. Amabutho aseMelika aseContinental, eholwa nguJenene George Washington, alwa nebutho laseBrithani eliqeqeshwe kangcono nelihlonyiswe kangcono. Naphezu kokubhekana nobunzima obuningi, ukuqina nokuqina kwamabutho aseMelika, kanye nosizo oluvela kwamanye amazwe njengeFrance, kwabavumela ukuba baphikelele futhi ekugcineni banqobe.
Izimpi ezinkulu njengeMpi yaseSaratoga ngo-1777 zazibalulekile ngoba ukunqoba kweMelika lapho kwaqinisekisa iFrance ukuba ibasekele ngokusemthethweni ngempi kanye nokubambisana kwezezimali. Ukusekelwa okuvela eFrance, kanye neSpain kanye neNetherlands, kwaholela amabutho aseMelika ekunqobeni okubalulekile eMpini yaseYorktown ngo-1781, okwaqeda impi ngempumelelo.
Ngokusayinwa kweSivumelwano saseParis ngo-1783, iBrithani yaqaphela ukuzimela kwe-United States, futhi impi yaphela ngokusemthethweni. I-United States manje yayisiyisizwe esizimele esinesimiso esisha sikahulumeni we-republic.
Umthelela Wenguquko YaseMelika Emhlabeni
1. Ukusabalala Kwemibono Yentando Yeningi Nenkululeko
I-American Revolution yathonya kakhulu umhlaba ngokusabalalisa imibono yentando yeningi nenkululeko. I-Declaration of Independence, eyabhalwa nguThomas Jefferson, yagcizelela amalungelo emvelo abantu ngabanye, njengokuphila, inkululeko, kanye nokuphishekela injabulo. Umqondo wokuthi uhulumeni kufanele usekelwe emvumeni yababusi nokuthi abantu banelungelo lokugumbuqela ohulumeni abangonya waba yizimiso eziyisisekelo ezamukelwa ezinye izinhlangano ezivukela umbuso emhlabeni jikelele.
2. Ugqozi Lomunye Uguquko
I-American Revolution yaphefumulela izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zoguquko, ikakhulukazi i-French Revolution ka-1789. Abantu abaningi abacabangayo nabalingiswa baseFrance, njengoMarquis de Lafayette, ababehileleke ngqo eMpini Yezinguquko yaseMelika, baletha le mibono eFrance, lapho babiza khona izinguquko ezifanayo ebukhosini obuphelele baseFrance. Kodwa-ke, i-French Revolution, nakho konke ukweqisa kwayo nobudlova, yavela ngendlela exakile kakhulu futhi yahilela ukuguquka okukhulu komphakathi.
3. Ithonya Ohlelweni Lukahulumeni kanye Nomthethosisekelo
UMthethosisekelo wase-United States, owavunywa ngo-1787, kanye noMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo ka-1791 kwasebenza njengohlaka lwezizwe eziningi ezintsha kanye nezinguquko zomthethosisekelo zesikhathi esizayo kwezizwe ezikhona. Imibono efana nohulumeni olinganiselwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla, ukuhlolwa nokulinganisela, kanye namalungelo omphakathi nawezepolitiki kwahlonishwa kakhulu futhi kwamukelwa amazwe amaningi afisa intando yeningi.
4. Imithelela Yezomnotho Nezohwebo
I-American Revolution yashintsha isimo sokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngobukhosi bayo obusha, i-United States yakwazi ukwakha izivumelwano zokuhweba ezizuzisayo nezinye izizwe, ngaphandle kwemingcele yezentengiselwano yaseBrithani. IBrithani, naphezu kokunqotshwa kwayo empini, yasungula ngokushesha izivumelwano ezintsha zokuhweba, yaqinisa isikhundla sayo ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke namakoloni ayo angaphambili njengabalingani bezohwebo abazimele manje.
5. Ukunqunywa kwesiphetho sesizwe sakho
I-American Revolution yathonya ukwanda kwezinhlangano zobuzwe emhlabeni jikelele. Amakoloni eLatin America, e-Asia nase-Afrika aqala ukwakha imizabalazo yawo yokuzimela emandleni aseYurophu akoloni. Isibonelo, i-American Revolution kanye nemigomo yayo yokuzimela kwathonya uSimón Bolívar emzabalazweni wakhe wokukhulula izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika ekubusweni kwamakoloni aseSpain.
6. Izinguquko Ebudlelwaneni Namazwe Ngamazwe
Uguquko luphinde lwafundisa umhlaba ukuthi impumelelo empini ayixhomekile nje emandleni ezempi kodwa futhi emandleni ezokuxhumana kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukubandakanyeka kweFrance, iSpain, kanye neNetherlands ekusizeni i-United States kwaphawula ushintsho kwinqubomgomo yobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe, lapho izivumelwano zamasu kanye nezivumelwano zithatha indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezombusazwe zomhlaba.
7. Izinselele Zangaphakathi eMelika
Nakuba ukuzimela kwaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, i-United States nayo yabhekana nezinselele eziningi zangaphakathi. Ingxabano phakathi kwamaFederalist, ayesekela uhulumeni ophakathi oqinile, nama-Anti-Federalist, ayesekela amandla kahulumeni, yaba yinkinga okwakudingeka ixazululwe ngokuyekethisa kwezepolitiki kanye nomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkinga zabantu bomdabu, njengokugqilazwa, amalungelo abesifazane, kanye namalungelo abantu bomdabu baseMelika, kwakudinga ukuxazululwa okuqhubekayo kwezomthetho kanye nokwezenhlalo.
Isiphetho
I-American Revolution yayingeyona nje isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni we-United States kodwa futhi yayiyisikhathi sokuguquka emlandweni womhlaba. Imibono nezimiso ezazalwa yi-American Revolution kanye nokuzimela kwalesi sizwe esisha kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekusheshiseni ushintsho lwezenhlalo, lwezepolitiki kanye nolwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele. Umthelela wayo obanzi wawuhlanganisa ukusabalala kwemibono yentando yeningi, ugqozi lwezinye izinguquko, ukuguqulwa kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni, kanye nezinguquko ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe. I-American Revolution, kukho konke ukudideka kwayo, isebenza njengesibonelo esicacile sendlela izinguquko ezinkulu esizweni esisodwa ezingathinta ngayo umhlaba wonke.
