Ukulwela KukaMahatma Gandhi Ukuzimela KwaseNdiya
UMahatma Gandhi, noma uMohandas Karamchand Gandhi ngokugcwele, ungomunye wabantu abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni womhlaba. Uyaziwa kabanzi ngendima yakhe emzabalazweni wokuzimela kwamaNdiya ekubusweni kobukoloni baseBrithani. Umzabalazo wakhe, ogcizelela izimiso zokungabi nobudlova kanye ne-satyagraha (amandla eqiniso), waphefumulela izinhlangano zenkululeko emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sihloko sizohlola impilo kaGandhi kanye negalelo lakhe elikhulu ekuzimeleni kweNdiya.
Isizinda kanye neMfundo
UGandhi wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 2, 1869, ePorbandar, idolobha elincane eGujarat, eNdiya. Wayevela emndenini ocebile; uyise wayeyisikhulu sikahulumeni, kanti unina wayeyithanda kakhulu inkolo. UGandhi wakhulela endaweni yamaHindu azinikele, eyayizobumba izindinganiso nezimiso eziningi ayezithanda empilweni yakhe yonke.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-19, uGandhi wathuthela eNgilandi ukuyofunda e-University College London. Ngemva kokuqeda izifundo zakhe, wabuyela eNdiya waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengommeli. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1893, wamukela ithuba lomsebenzi eNingizimu Afrika, eyayingaphansi kokubusa kweBrithani ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho eNingizimu Afrika kwakubalulekile ekwakhiweni kombono kaGandhi wezepolitiki nowezenhlalo.
INingizimu Afrika kanye Nokuqala Kokulwa
ENingizimu Afrika, uGandhi washeshe waqaphela ubandlululo olunzima kanye nokucwaswa okubhekene nomphakathi wamaNdiya. Isigameko esidumile sokuphoqelelwa ukuphuma egumbini lesigaba esiphezulu esitimeleni ngenxa yombala wesikhumba sakhe saba yinto eshintsha kakhulu eyaqinisa ukuzibophezela kwakhe ekulweni nokungabi nabulungisa. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe engu-21 eNingizimu Afrika, uGandhi waqala umkhankaso wokuqala ongenabudlova wokulwela amalungelo amaNdiya lapho. Wahlela umphakathi wamaNdiya futhi wahola imibhikisho eminingi enokuthula, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-satyagraha.
Ukubuyela eNdiya: Ukwakha Ukunyakaza
Ngo-1915, uGandhi wabuyela eNdiya waqala ukukhuthaza izimiso ze-satyagraha ezweni lakubo. Ngaleso sikhathi i-India yayingaphansi kokubusa kweBrithani, abantu behlushwa yizinqubomgomo ezahlukene zokuxhaphaza. UGandhi wazibonela mathupha usizi lwabalimi eChamparan, eBihar, abaphoqeleka ukulima i-indigo ngamanani angafanele ngabanikazi bezindlu abasekelwa yiBrithani.
UGandhi waqala umkhankaso wokubhikisha ongenabudlova eChamparan, owadonsela ukunaka kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Ukunqoba eChamparan kwaqinisa isikhundla sakhe njengomholi ophumelelayo ekulweleni amalungelo abantu. Kamuva uGandhi waqala umkhankaso ofanayo eKheda nase-Ahmedabad.
Ukungabambisani kanye ne-Salt March
Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu ezaholwa nguGandhi kwakuyiNhlangano Engahlangani Nokubambisana ka-1920-1922. Wanxusa abantu baseNdiya ukuba bahoxise ukusekela kwabo ekubusweni kwamakoloni aseBrithani. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa nokwenqaba imikhiqizo yaseBrithani, izikole, kanye nezinkantolo zamakoloni. Okwamanje, le nhlangano yaba yimpumelelo enkulu, ehilela izigidi zabantu abavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila.
Kodwa-ke, le nhlangano yamiswa okwesikhashana ngenxa yesigameko sobudlova esenzeka eChauri Chaura ngoFebhuwari 1922, lapho ababhikishi bashisa khona isiteshi samaphoyisa, kwabulawa izikhulu eziningi. UGandhi, owayekholelwa kakhulu ekungalweni kobudlova, wanquma ukuyiqeda le nhlangano. Lokhu kwabonisa ubuqotho bakhe bokuziphatha, engazimisele ukuyekethisa ezimisweni zakhe.
Ngo-1930, uGandhi wethula iSalt March (Dandi March), umbhikisho wokulwa nohulumeni waseBrithani ngosawoti eNdiya. Kulolu hambo, uGandhi wahamba cishe amakhilomitha angu-240 esuka eSabarmati Ashram waya ogwini lolwandle eDandi ukuyozenzela usawoti wakhe. Izinkulungwane zajoyina lo mkhankaso, owaba uphawu lokumelana ngokuthula futhi waphefumulela abantu ukuba baphikise izinqubomgomo zobukoloni. ISalt March yadonsela ukunaka komhlaba wonke futhi yaqinisa kakhulu isidingo seNdiya sokuzimela.
Yeka i-India Movement kanye ne-Independence
Ngawo-1940, izimo zezombusazwe zomhlaba wonke zathinta neNdiya. IMpi Yezwe II yenza iBrithani yaba buthaka futhi yayisishiya isengozini yokucindezelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-1942, uGandhi waqala i-Quit India Movement, ecela ukuba iBrithani ihoxiswe ngokushesha eNdiya. Wakhipha isimemo esithi "Do or Die," enxusa abantu baseNdiya ukuba balwe ngokungapheli kuze kube yilapho kutholakala inkululeko.
Ngenxa ye-Quit India Movement, izinkulungwane zabantu, okuhlanganisa noGandhi nabanye abaholi be-Indian National Congress, baboshwa uhulumeni wamakoloni. Kodwa-ke, umoya wokumelana awuzange unciphe, kodwa kunalokho waqina. Ngezingcindezi ezahlukene zezombusazwe, zenhlalo, kanye nezamazwe ngamazwe, i-India ekugcineni yathola inkululeko ngo-Agasti 15, 1947.
Ifa Nokuphefumulelwa
UGandhi akagcinanga ngokulwela ukuzimela kwamaNdiya kodwa futhi wasungula izisekelo zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha kwezepolitiki kanye nomzabalazo wezenhlalo. Izimiso ze-satya (iqiniso) kanye ne-ahimsa (ukungabi nobudlova) azisekela futhi azifundisa ziye zathonya abantu abaningi abakhulu bekhulu lama-20. Abantu abanjengoMartin Luther King Jr., uNelson Mandela, kanye noDalai Lama baphakathi kwalabo abaphefumulelwe yizimfundiso zakhe.
UGandhi uphinde washiya ifa ngendlela yokucabanga kwezomnotho kanye nezenhlalo. Wasekela i-swadeshi, ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwe endaweni njengendlela yokumelana nobukoloni bezomnotho, futhi wasekela ukuzimela kanye nokuchuma kwamadolobhana aseNdiya.
Isiphetho
Umzabalazo kaMahatma Gandhi wokuzimela kweNdiya wawuluhambo olude noluyinselele, kodwa olwathathwa ngokuqiniseka okukhulu nokuzimisela. Ngendlela yakhe yokungabi nabudlova nokuqonda okujulile iqiniso nobulungiswa, uGandhi waphumelela ekuvuseleleni umoya wokumelana phakathi kwabantu baseNdiya futhi ekugcineni wazuza ukuzimela kwezwe lakhe. Kuze kube namuhla, izimiso nezimfundiso zikaGandhi ziyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela umzabalazo wenkululeko, amalungelo abantu, kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo emhlabeni wonke.
