Indima KaBung Hatta Emzabalazweni Wokuzimela wase-Indonesia
Eminyakeni yangaphambi kokuzimela, i-Indonesia yayigcwele isiphithiphithi kanye nomzabalazo. Phakathi kwabantu abaningi abadlale indima ebalulekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibalulekile, uMuhammad Hatta, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uBung Hatta, uvelele. Njengomunye woBaba Abasunguli base-Indonesia, uBung Hatta wayedume ngezimiso zakhe eziqinile, ubuhlakani obuphakeme, kanye namakhono akhe akhethekile ezombusazwe. Lesi sihloko sizohlola indima kaBung Hatta emzabalazweni we-Indonesia wokuzimela kanye neminikelo ebalulekile ayenzile phakathi naleso sikhathi esibucayi.
Impilo Yasebuntwaneni Nemfundo
UMuhammad Hatta wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1902, eFort de Kock (manje eyiBukittinggi, eWest Sumatra). Kusukela esemncane, uHatta wabonisa intshisekelo kanye nethalente kwezemfundo. Waqeda imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphansi eBukittinggi futhi waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe e-Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) ePadang. Ngenxa yobuhlakani bakhe kwezemfundo, uHatta waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe eHandels Hogeschool, manje eyi-Erasmus University Rotterdam eNetherlands.
ENetherlands, umoya wakhe wokulwa waqala ukukhuliswa njengoba ayejwayelana nezinhlangano ezahlukene zezinhlangano zobuzwe. Enye inhlangano ebalulekile kwakuyi-Indonesian Association (PI), eyayisebenza njengenkundla yabafundi base-Indonesia phesheya ukuze bacabange futhi bahlele amasu okukhulula izwe ekubusweni yikoloni.
Ubushoshovu kanye Nendima Enhlangano Yase-Indonesia
Ngesikhathi eseNetherlands, uHatta waqala ukusebenza kakhulu ezinhlanganweni zezombusazwe nezobuzwe. Isikhathi esibalulekile emlandweni wenhlangano kazwelonke kwaba ukuqokwa kwakhe njengosihlalo we-Indonesian Association ngo-1926. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, le nhlangano yaqala ukukhuluma futhi yaqina ekumeleleni kwayo ukuzimela kwe-Indonesia. Ngo-1927, uHatta nozakwabo babhala futhi bashicilela i-"Indonesia Vrij" (Free Indonesia), eyaba yi-manifesto ebalulekile yomzabalazo wokuzimela.
UBung Hatta uphinde wabamba iqhaza engqungqutheleni yokulwa nobukoloni eBrussels (1927) kanye neCongress of the League Against Imperialism eFrankfurt (1928). Lokhu kwaqinisa isikhundla sakhe njengomholi onethonya lobuzwe, hhayi nje phakathi kwabafundi base-Indonesia kodwa nakwezemidlalo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubuyela e-Indonesia kanye Nokulwa Nabakhulisi Bamakoloni
Lapho ebuya e-Indonesia ngo-1932, uBung Hatta wangena ngokushesha kwezepolitiki ngokujoyina i-Indonesian National Party (PNI), eyasungulwa nguSukarno. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani noSukarno, owayenomoya wobungcweti futhi enekhono lokukhuluma, uHatta wagxila kakhulu ezicini zobuhlakani nezokubhala zomzabalazo. Laba bobabili babevame ukubhekwa njengabahambisanayo; uSukarno waphefumulela futhi wagqugquzela izixuku, kanti uHatta wagxila kakhulu ekuhleleni amasu kanye nemibono.
Indima kaHatta yabonakala nakakhulu ngesikhathi sokubuswa kwe-Indonesia ngamaJapane ngo-1942. Njengomuntu ohamba phambili kule nhlangano, yena noSukarno babevame ukubhekana nokuxoxisana namaJapane. Naphezu kwengcindezi, uHatta waqhubeka nokulwela ukuzimela kwe-Indonesia ngokushesha okukhulu, ngenkathi ehlala eqaphile ukuze agweme ukulimala okwengeziwe phakathi kwabantu.
Isimemezelo Sokuzimela
Indima enkulu kaHatta emlandweni wokuzimela kwe-Indonesia yenzeka mhla ziyi-17 kuNcwaba 1945. UHatta, kanye noSukarno, badlala indima ebalulekile ekumenyezelweni kokuzimela kwe-Indonesia. Ngemva kokuba iJapan izinikezele kuma-Allies ngoNcwaba 1945, uHatta noSukarno babhala ngokushesha umbhalo wesimemezelo sokuzimela.
Endlini ka-Admiral Maeda eJalan u-Imam Bonjol No. 1, uJakarta, uSukarno noHatta babhala umbhalo wesimemezelo esimweni esishubile. Ekuseni ngo-Agasti 17, 1945, bamemezela ukuzimela kwe-Indonesia. Ukufundwa kombhalo wesimemezelo nguSukarno noHatta kwaphawula isahluko esisha se-Indonesia, isizwe esikhululekile nesizimele.
Isikhathi Sangemva Kokuzimela
Ngemva kwalesi simemezelo, kwavela izinselele ezintsha e-Indonesia esencane. Ukuhlasela kwezempi yaseDashi kanye nezinye izinkinga zangaphakathi kwenza iminyaka yokuqala yeriphabhulikhi yaba namandla kakhulu. Kulesi simo, uHatta, manje oseyiPhini likaMongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi yase-Indonesia, wabonisa ikhono lakhe ekuxoxisaneni kanye nasekuxhumaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izivumelwano zeLinggarjati neRenville zaziphakathi kwezivumelwano ezibalulekile uHatta ayezifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke kobukhosi be-Indonesia. Nakuba zazigcwele ukuvumelana, lezi zivumelwano zaziyizinyathelo zamasu okuqinisa isikhundla se-Indonesia emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uHatta uphinde wadlala indima ekuphatheni umnotho wesizwe esasisafufusa. Njengomuntu onesizinda semfundo kwezomnotho, wafuna ukuthola isivumelwano phakathi kobusoshiyali kanye nobukhapitali, eklama izinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene ezihlose ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu.
Ingxabano Nokuphela Kwesikhathi
Uhambo lukaHatta kwezepolitiki belungahlali lubushelelezi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umehluko embonweni phakathi kukaHatta noSukarno wabonakala kakhulu. UHatta, owayenombono olinganiselayo futhi enemibono elinganiselayo, wayevame ukungqubuzana nemibono kaSukarno yokuguqula izinto. Isibonelo, uHatta wayengavumelani nomqondo kaSukarno othi "Nasakom" (ubuzwe, inkolo, kanye nobukhomanisi).
Umvuthwandaba walokhu kuhlukana wafika ngo-1956, lapho uHatta esula esikhundleni sakhe njengePhini likaMongameli. Kodwa-ke, uHatta akazange ayishiye ngokuphelele indaba yomzabalazo wakhe kanye neminikelo yakhe e-Indonesia. Ngisho nangemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwezepolitiki, imicabango yakhe kanye nemibhalo yakhe kwahlala kuyinkomba, kanti uHatta waqhubeka nokufaka imibono nemibono ebucayi ukuze aqondise inkambo kahulumeni e-Indonesia.
Ifa kanye neNhlonipho
UMuhammad Hatta washona ngoMashi 14, 1980, eshiya ifa eliyigugu esizweni sase-Indonesia. Indoda eyaziwa ngothando ngokuthi uBung Hatta ayikhunjulwa njengomunye wabaMemezeli Bokuzimela, kodwa futhi njengomuntu ocabangayo, isazi sezomnotho, isazi sezombusazwe, kanye nomholi othembekile nozinikele.
Ifa lobuhlakani nelokuziphatha elishiywe nguHatta liyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela izizukulwane zabaholi nabantu base-Indonesia. Umoya wakhe wokulwela ubulungiswa bezenhlalo, imfundo kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu uyisisekelo esibalulekile ekuqhubekeni kwemigomo yesizwe esizimele nesizimele.
Indaba yokuphila kukaBung Hatta ibonisa ukuthi umzabalazo wokuzimela wawungeyona nje impi yangempela nabaholi bamakoloni, kodwa futhi kwakuyimpi yemibono kanye nediplomacy. Ngokuzimisela kwakhe nokuhlakanipha kwakhe, uBung Hatta waba ngumuntu obalulekile ekusungulweni kweRiphabhulikhi yase-Indonesia. Izinsizakalo zakhe zizoqoshwa phakade emlandweni njengomunye wamaqhawe amakhulu kunawo wonke kuleli lizwe.
