Imfihlakalo Yamaphiramidi aseGibhithe kanye Nemibono Yawo
Amaphiramidi aseGibhithe aphakathi kwezimangaliso ezimangalisayo zomhlaba, akhuthaza ukwesaba kanye nelukuluku kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lezi zakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, ezimi ehlane laseGiza, azizona nje izimangaliso zokwakha kodwa futhi ziyizimpawu zentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe namandla aseGibhithe lasendulo. Kuye kwavezwa imibono eminingi ukuchaza izici ezahlukene zala maphiramidi, kusukela enjongweni yawo kanye nezindlela zokwakha kuya encazelweni yawo engokomfanekiso.
Umlando Omfushane Wemipiramidi YaseGibhithe
Amaphiramidi aseGibhithe akhiwa ngesikhathi soMbuso Omdala waseGibhithe (cishe ngo-2686–2181 BC). Phakathi kwamaphiramidi akhiwe, edume kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke yiPhiramidi laseKhufu (eyaziwa nangokuthi iPhiramidi Elikhulu laseGiza). Amaphiramidi amathathu amakhulu aseGiza - iKhufu, iKhafre, neMenkaure - azungezwe amaphiramidi amancane amaningana, amathempeli, kanye nezinye izakhiwo zomngcwabo, akha indawo eyinkimbinkimbi eyayikhonza imisebenzi yemikhosi kanye nezindawo zokuphumula zikaFaro nezikhulu zakhe.
Ithiyori Yezinhloso Zokuthuthukiswa
1. Ithuna likaFaro
Inkolelo-mbono evamile neyamukelwa kabanzi mayelana nenjongo yamaphiramidi ukuthi ayesebenza njengamathuna oFaro. Kukholelwa ukuthi amaphiramidi akhiwa njengengxenye yesiko lenkolo lasendulo laseGibhithe elalibheka uFaro njengonkulunkulu eMhlabeni, owayezojoyina abanye onkulunkulu ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Lawa mathuna amahle ayeklanyelwe ukuvikela umzimba kaFaro kanye nezinto ezidingekayo ekuphileni ngemva kokufa.
2. Izikhumbuzo Zenkolo
Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi amaphiramidi awasebenzi nje kuphela njengamathuna kodwa futhi njengezikhumbuzo zenkolo. Amaphiramidi aklanywa ngezindlela eziqondile zezinkanyezi, okuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ayesetshenziselwa nemikhosi yenkolo noma ukubuka izinkanyezi, okwakubalulekile kumongo wenkolo yasendulo yaseGibhithe.
3. Ibhethri Elikhulu
Enye yezinkolelo-mbono eziphikisana kakhulu ukuthi amaphiramidi asebenza njengohlobo lwebhethri elikhulu noma elinye ithuluzi lobuchwepheshe. Abasekeli balo mbono bathi isakhiwo sangaphakathi samaphiramidi kanye nokwakheka kwezinto kunezici ezisikisela ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka ngaphandle kokungcwaba.
Ithiyori Yokwakha Nezindlela
1. Ama-Ramp Aqondile Nawomoya
Enye inkolelo-mbono yokwakha ukuthi izisebenzi zasebenzisa ama-ramp ukuze zihudule amabhlogo amakhulu amatshe ziwayise endaweni yawo. Le nkolelo-mbono ihlukaniswe yaba yimibono emibili engaphansi: inkolelo-mbono ye-straight ramp kanye nenkolelo-mbono ye-spiral ramp. Inkolelo-mbono ye-straight ramp iphakamisa i-ramp ende, eyisicaba eyakhiwe kusukela esisekelweni kuya phezulu kwephiramidi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkolelo-mbono ye-spiral ramp iphakamisa i-ramp ezungeza iphiramidi kusukela esisekelweni kuya phezulu. Kodwa-ke, zombili lezi nkolelo-mbono zibhekene nezinselele zezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi phezulu kwephiramidi.
2. Ithiyori Yendlela Yangaphakathi
UJean-Pierre Houdin, umakhi wezakhiwo waseFrance, waphakamisa inkolelo-mbono ye-internal ramp, lapho i-spiral ramp yayikhona ngaphakathi kwephiramidi uqobo. UHoudin wethule ubufakazi obubonakalayo nobemivubukulo obusekela umbono wokuthi i-internal ramp ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa i-slope ye-ramp nokwenza ukwakhiwa kube lula.
3. Indlela Yokusebenza
Nakuba abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi abasebenzi babeyizigqila, ubufakazi bamuva bemivubukulo busikisela ukuthi izisebenzi zasephiramidi cishe zaziyizingcweti ezinekhono ezazithola amaholo amahle kanye nenhlalakahle. Amakamu ezisebenzi atholakale eduze kwaseGiza abonisa ukuthunyelwa okubanzi kwezinto, okuhlanganisa indawo yokuhlala, ukudla, kanye nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha.
Ithiyori kanye nempikiswano ngencazelo engokomfanekiso
1. Ukuqondiswa Kwezinkanyezi
Amaphiramidi aseGibhithe aklanywa ngendlela eqondile yezinkanyezi, izinhlangothi zawo zibheke ngqo amaphuzu amane ayinhloko. Eminye imibono isikisela ukuthi lokhu kuqondiswa akufezi nje izinjongo zenkolo kodwa futhi kubonisa ulwazi olungavamile lwezinkanyezi lwempucuko yaseGibhithe lasendulo. Enye inkolelo-mbono ixhumanisa ukwakhiwa kwamaphiramidi neqoqo lezinkanyezi i-Orion, lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphiramidi amathathu amakhulu aseGiza amelela izinkanyezi ezintathu zebhande lika-Orion.
2. Ifa Lobuchwepheshe Nolwazi
Enye inkolelo-mbono iphakamisa ukuthi amaphiramidi amelela ifa lolwazi nobuchwepheshe elidluliselwe empucukweni yangaphambilini noma ngisho nasekungeneleleni kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Le nkolelo-mbono ivame ukuhlukaniswa njengesayensi-mbumbulu, kodwa isathandwa umphakathi ngoba inikeza incazelo ekhangayo nehlukile.
3. Amaphiramidi njengezikhungo zamandla
Eminye imibono ye-metaphysical isikisela ukuthi amaphiramidi asebenza njengezikhungo zamandla noma ama-vortexes asebenzisa amandla e-cosmic noma kagesi oMhlaba. Le mbono ayinaso isisekelo esiqinile sesayensi, kodwa ikhanga labo abanesifiso sezici ezingokomoya neziyimfihlakalo zamaphiramidi.
Ubufakazi Bemivubukulo Nokutholwa Kwamuva
Ucwaningo lwemivubukulo luyaqhubeka nokuthola okwengeziwe ngamaphiramidi aseGibhithe. Okutholakale muva nje kufaka phakathi amathuna ezisebenzi, amarekhodi okuthutha, kanye nezinto zobuciko ezisekela kakhulu inkolelo-mbono yabasebenzi abangochwepheshe nabahlelekile kahle. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje njenge-radar engenela phansi (i-GPR) kanye nokuskena kwe-thermographic kusize ekutholeni amakamelo afihliwe angaziwa ngaphambili kanye nokungafani ngaphakathi kwamaphiramidi.
Lezi zifundo ziqinisekisile eminye imibono ekhona isikhathi eside ngenkathi zisusa noma ziguqula eminye. Kodwa-ke, imibuzo eminingi isalokhu ingaphendulwa, yingakho imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe isalokhu ingenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu emlandweni wesintu.
Isiphetho
Amaphiramidi aseGibhithe ayimisebenzi yobuciko yokwakha ekhombisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhleleka, kanye nombono ongokomoya wempucuko yaseGibhithe lasendulo. Imibono mayelana nenjongo yawo, izindlela zokwakha, kanye nencazelo engokomfanekiso ibonisa ubunzima nokujula kwalezi zimangaliso. Nakuba sazi okuningi, izimfihlakalo eziningi zisalokhu zifihliwe ngaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu alezi zakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokutholwa kungase kusisondeze ekuqondeni okugcwele amaphiramidi, ukuthakazelisa kwawo kanye nemfihlakalo cishe kuzohlala phakade.
