Incazelo kanye nomlando ngemuva kukaMona Lisa
I-Mona Lisa, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-La Gioconda ngesiNtaliyane, ingenye yemidwebo edumile neyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Yadalwa yinkosi ye-Renaissance uLeonardo da Vinci phakathi kuka-1503 no-1506 (nakuba abanye ochwepheshe bekholelwa ukuthi wayesasebenza kuyo kuze kube ngu-1517), lo mdwebo usube uphawu olungenakuqhathaniswa lwamasiko, umlando, kanye nobuciko.
Isizinda Nomlando
I-Mona Lisa iveza okungaphezu nje kokubukeka komzimba kowesifazane. Umsebenzi kaLeonardo da Vinci, isazi se-Renaissance esinethalente elingavamile emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ubuciko, i-anatomy, i-astronomy, kanye nobunjiniyela bemishini. ULeonardo wasebenzisa amakhono akhe amakhulu ukudala umdwebo ogcwele amasu amasha kanye nokubuka okuhlakaniphile komhlaba wemvelo.
ULeonardo da Vinci waqala ukudweba iMona Lisa eFlorence, e-Italy. Ngokuvamile kuvunyelwana ukuthi imodeli yeMona Lisa nguLisa Gherardini, umfazi womthengisi wesilika waseFlorentine ogama lakhe linguFrancesco del Giocondo; yingakho igama elithi La Gioconda. Kukholakala ukuthi yathunyelwa nguFrancesco ukuba igubhe ukuzalwa kwengane yabo yesibili.
Analisis Teknis
Enye yezindlela eziqashelwa kakhulu, enezela emfihlakalweni ngemuva kweMona Lisa, ukusebenzisa kukaLeonardo i-sfumato. I-Sfumato iyindlela yokudweba evumela ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kombala, okudala imiphetho ebhemayo noma efiphele esithombeni. Lokhu kungabonakala embonweni kaLeonardo wobuso bukaMona Lisa, ikakhulukazi amehlo nomlomo. Le ndlela yenza ukubukeka kobuso bukaMona Lisa kubonakale kushintsha kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene noma ezimweni zokukhanya, into eye yakhanga ababukeli amakhulu eminyaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLeonardo wasebenzisa ngempumelelo ukukhanya nezithunzi ukudala umbono wokujula nomthamo, okwenza iMona Lisa ibonakale ifana kakhulu nokuphila ku-canvas. Ingemuva eliyimfihlakalo elinamagquma lenezela esicini esiyimfihlakalo esizungeze umdwebo.
Incazelo kanye nokuhumusha
Incazelo ngemuva kwe-Mona Lisa ibilokhu iyindaba yokuqagela nempikiswano engapheli. Isimo sobuso bukaMona Lisa sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'imfihlakalo' noma indida. Bekulokhu kuyindaba yokuchazwa kwengqondo ngisho nangokwezinzwa. Abanye babona ukumamatheka kukaMona Lisa njengokubonakaliswa kwenjabulo efihliwe, kanti abanye bakubona njengokudabuka.
Omunye umbono usikisela ukuthi ukumamatheka kukaMona Lisa kungase kubonakale kuhlukile ngenxa yendlela umbono wethu ongaphandle kanye nombono ophakathi ocubungula ngayo izithombe. Uma amehlo ethu egxila ngqo emomothekeni, kungase kubonakale sengathi kuphelile; nokho, uma sibheka ezinye izindawo zobuso, ukumamatheka kubonakala kubanzi.
Kukhona incazelo ejulile exhumanisa i-Mona Lisa nomqondo wobunye bomuntu—inhlanganisela yamandla nobubele, injabulo nosizi, ubuhle nobuthakathaka. ULeonardo, isazi sefilosofi esijulile, kungenzeka ukuthi waklama lo msebenzi njengophawu lobunzima besimo somuntu.
Uhambo Nethonya
Ngemva kokushintshana ngezandla nabaxhasi bakaLeonardo, lo mdwebo wagcina usuphethwe yiNkosi uFrançois I waseFrance, futhi uhlale useFrance kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kusukela ngeNguquko yaseFrance, iMona Lisa ibilokhu iyingxenye yeqoqo lesizwe laseFrance futhi iboniswa eLouvre eParis, lapho iheha khona izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke.
Ngo-1911, lo mdwebo webiwa yisisebenzi semyuziyamu ogama lakhe linguVincenzo Peruggia, owayekholelwa ukuthi iMona Lisa kufanele ibuyiselwe e-Italy. Wayifihla iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ngaphambi kokuba aboshwe futhi lo mdwebo wabuyela eLouvre. Lesi sigameko sandisa udumo lukaMona Lisa emhlabeni jikelele.
Ithonya likaMona Lisa lidlulela ngalé kwezwe lobuciko obuhle. Lo mdwebo uphefumulele abaculi abanjengoMarcel Duchamp, owadala i-parody yomdwebo, "LHOOQ," ngokufaka amadevu kukhophi ye-Mona Lisa. I-Mona Lisa iphinde yavela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemidiya ethandwayo, okuhlanganisa amafilimu, umculo, kanye nezincwadi. Ithonya layo lamasiko libonisa ukubaluleka kwayo.
Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zanamuhla
Namuhla, i-Mona Lisa isalokhu iyindaba yocwaningo nengxoxo. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe besimanje, njengokuskena kwe-infrared kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-microscopic, ososayensi bathole okwengeziwe mayelana nobuchwepheshe bukaLeonardo, futhi abanye baze baphakamisa nemibono mayelana nezinguquko ezinhlelweni zikaLeonardo ngesikhathi sokudalwa komdwebo.
Ngo-2005, usosayensi waseFrance uPascal Cotte wasebenzisa ukuskena kwe-infrared reflectography ukuze embule iminwe kaMona Lisa efihliwe, enikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngokwakheka kukaLeonardo kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuciko. Lolu cwaningo lusisiza siqonde ubunzima kanye nokujula kwekhono likaLeonardo ekukhiqizeni lo msebenzi obonakala ulula kodwa uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Isiphetho
I-Mona Lisa ingaphezu nje komsebenzi wobuciko; iwuphawu lobuhlakani bukaLeonardo da Vinci. Lo mdwebo awuyona nje indlela yokubonisa owesifazane we-Renaissance, kodwa futhi umsebenzi omangalisayo obonisa ubunzima bomuntu ngendlela ebukeka kahle futhi eyimfihlakalo. Kusukela enkambisweni entsha ye-sfumato kanye nezinkulumo eziyimfihlakalo kuya ekuchazeni okuningi kwefilosofi kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo, i-Mona Lisa isalokhu iwumsebenzi wobuciko oqashelwa futhi ohlonishwayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngekhono layo lokuhlala libamba futhi livuse umcabango wababukeli bayo, uMona Lisa usikhumbuza ngekhono lobuciko lokubamba ingqikithi yesintu nokubamba imiyalezo engaphelelwa yisikhathi edlula isikhathi nendawo. Ngokumomotheka nokubuka ngakunye, uMona Lisa unikeza isimemo sokubuza nokuzindla, okumenza abe khona njalo ezweni lobuciko namasiko.
