I-Industrial Revolution 2.0: Uguquko Oluya Esikhathini Sokuzenzakalela
I-Pendahuluan
I-Industrial Revolution yayiyisenzakalo esingokomlando esashintsha kakhulu izimo zomnotho nezenhlalo zomhlaba. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 eNgilandi, yaholela ekushintsheni kusuka emphakathini wezolimo kuya kowesimanje wezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, umhlaba wangena esigabeni esisha esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Industrial Revolution 2.0.
I-Second Industrial Revolution yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-2.0. Lesi kwakuyisikhathi lapho ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nemigqa yokuhlanganisa kwaqala ukubusa umnotho, kuqhutshwa izinto ezintsha zamandla nobuchwepheshe. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezibalulekile ze-Second Industrial Revolution, ukuthi yashintsha kanjani umhlaba, kanye nomthelela wayo, osazwakala nanamuhla.
1. Isizinda Senguquko Yezimboni 2.0
Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-Industrial Revolution 2.0, umhlaba wawusubone isigaba sokuqala se-industrial revolution, esaphawulwa ukusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezindwangu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigaba sokuqala asikafinyeleli amakhono okukhiqiza ngobuningi. I-Industrial Revolution 2.0, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Technical Revolution," yabe isikwakha isisekelo esiqinile ngokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha obuhlukahlukene.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yensimbi, ukutholakala kukagesi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi kwakuyizinto ezibangela lolu shintsho. Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwenza amafektri nezimboni zakwazi ukusebenza kahle nangokuvumelana nezimo kunamandla omusi. Lokhu kwaphawula ukuguquka kusuka ekusebenziseni imishini elula kuya ezenzakalelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlelekile.
2. Izinto Ezintsha Ezibalulekile kanye Nobuchwepheshe
A. Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Industrial Revolution 2.0 kwakuwukusetshenziswa kukagesi kabanzi. Ukufakwa kukagesi ezimbonini kwenza kwaba lula ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo kanye nokusebenza kwemishini ngezinga elikhulu. Ugesi wabeka nesisekelo sezinto ezintsha ezalandela futhi wakhulisa kakhulu umkhiqizo wezimboni.
B. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwemigqa Yokuhlanganisa
Ukusungulwa komugqa wokuhlanganisa kwaba yingqophamlando eyashintsha indlela izimpahla ezazikhiqizwa ngayo. Lo mqondo wethulwa yiRansom Olds futhi wahlungwa nguHenry Ford embonini yezimoto. Ngomugqa wokuhlanganisa, inqubo yokukhiqiza ingahlukaniswa ibe imisebenzi elula, yandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi yehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kwavumela imikhiqizo efana nezimoto ukuthi ikhiqizwe futhi ithengiswe ngentengo engabizi kakhulu emphakathini jikelele.
C. Injini Yokushisa Yangaphakathi
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi izinjini zikaphethiloli kanye nedizili, kwathatha indawo yamandla omusi ezindaweni eziningi zokusebenza. Lezi zinjini zazisebenza kahle futhi zincane, okwenza kube nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezokuthutha njengezimoto nezindiza. Lolu guquko kwezokuthutha lwasheshisa ukulethwa kwezimpahla kanye nokuhamba kwabantu, okwenza ukuhweba komhlaba wonke kwande nakakhulu.
3. Imithelela Yezenhlalo Nezomnotho
A. Ukufudukela Kwasemadolobheni kanye Nezinguquko Ekwakhekeni Komphakathi
I-Industrial Revolution 2.0 inegalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ukwanda kwamafektri nezimboni ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kwaheha inani elikhulu labasebenzi abavela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Amadolobha amakhulu akhula ngokushesha, enabantu abahlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kwashintsha isakhiwo senhlalo, kwakha isigaba sabasebenzi bezimboni esaba umshayeli omusha wezomnotho.
B. Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yempilo
Ukwamukelwa kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi akugcinanga nje ngokuguqula inqubo yokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kwandisa ikhwalithi kanye nenani lezimpahla ezitholakala kubathengi. Izinto eziningi zokunethezeka ezazikhona ngaphambili zaba zithengeka kalula. Ukutholakala okwandayo kwezimpahla nakho kwaholela ekushintsheni kwesiko labathengi esisabhekana nalo nanamuhla.
C. Izinselele Nezinkinga Zomphakathi
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinguquko nazo zaletha izinselele ezintsha. Ngokuvamile izimo zokusebenza zasefektri ezimbi neziyingozi, amaholo aphansi, kanye namahora amade kwavusa imibhikisho phakathi kwabasebenzi. Lokhu kwabangela inhlangano yabasebenzi elwela izimo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi.
4. Umthelela Wesikhathi Eside kanye Nefa
Nakuba i-Industrial Revolution 2.0 yenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule, umthelela wayo usabonakala nanamuhla. Yabeka isisekelo sentuthuko eyengeziwe yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho, njenge-Industrial Revolutions 3.0 kanye ne-4.0, eyaqokomisa izinkathi zedijithali kanye ne-inthanethi.
Lolu guquko lwavuselela nomnotho womhlaba futhi lwaqhubekisela phambili ukuxhumana okukhulu. Ngokuthuthuka kokuxhumana kanye nezokuthutha, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwanda, okwaholela ekukhuleni komnotho okusheshayo kanye nokusabalala kwamasiko omhlaba.
Isiphetho
I-Industrial Revolution 2.0 yayiyisikhathi soguquko esashintsha indlela abantu ababephila ngayo. Ngokusungulwa kukagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwenjini yokushisa yangaphakathi, kanye nomugqa wokuhlanganisa, umhlaba wabona izinguquko ezinkulu embonini, emnothweni, kanye nasemphakathini. Nakuba lesi sikhathi saletha intuthuko eminingi, saqokomisa nezinselele ezahlukene zomphakathi nezemvelo okwakudingeka kubhekwane nazo.
Ukuqonda i-Industrial Revolution 2.0 kusinika umbono ojulile wokuthi umlando wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni wabumba kanjani umhlaba wanamuhla. Kusikhumbuza ukubaluleka kokusungula izinto ezintsha okunomthwalo wemfanelo nokunobungani nemvelo enguqukweni elandelayo yezimboni esibhekene nayo njengamanje. Ngokuhlakanipha nezifundo esizitholile esikhathini esidlule, singazilungiselela kangcono izinselelo zesikhathi esizayo futhi sakhe ikusasa elizinzile nelibandakanyayo lezizukulwane ezizayo.
