Isifundo Somhlangano Werediyo Yedijithali Ye-DIY
Ukwakha umsakazo wedijithali we-DIY (Zenzele Wena) kuyiphrojekthi eyinselele kodwa evuzayo kubathandi be-elekthronikhi nobuchwepheshe. Akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi umsakazo usebenza kanjani, kodwa futhi kunikeza umuzwa oyingqayizivele wokwaneliseka lapho sithola ngempumelelo ukusakazwa kwedijithali. Kulesi sifundo, sizohlanganisa izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekwakheni umsakazo wedijithali we-DIY ngokuningiliziwe.
Ukulungiselela Nezingxenye Ezidingekayo
Ngaphambi kokuqala lo msebenzi, masiqinisekise ukuthi sinazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi alungile. Nasi uhlu lwezingxenye eziyinhloko esizozisebenzisa:
1. Imodyuli Yomsakazo Wedijithali (Isibonelo: TEA5767)
2. I-Microcontroller (Isibonelo: I-Arduino UNO)
3. Isibonisi se-LCD (Isibonelo: 16×2)
4. Inkinobho Yokufaka Ikhodi Ejikelezayo
5. Isipikha esincane noma i-earphone
6. Izintambo zebhodi lokubhaka kanye nezama-jumper
7. Ukunikezwa Kwamandla (Ibhethri noma i-adaptha ye-5V ezinzile)
8. Ama-resistor, ama-capacitor, nezinye izingxenye ezisekelayo
9. I-Antena Yomsakazo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi ayisisekelo okudingeka alungiselelwe afaka insimbi yokunamathisela kanye nensimbi yokunamathisela, izinti zokusika, kanye ne-multimeter.
Izinyathelo Zokuhlanganisa
1. Lungiselela i-Microcontroller kanye ne-Digital Radio Module
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungiselela i-microcontroller ye-Arduino UNO kanye ne-module yomsakazo wedijithali ye-TEA5767. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwe-I2C. Nansi indlela yokuzixhumanisa:
– Ukuxhumeka kwe-Arduino ku-TEA5767:
- I-VCC kuya ku-5V ku-Arduino
– Ukusuka ku-GND kuya ku-GND ku-Arduino
– SCL kuya ku-A5 (SCL ku-Arduino)
- I-SDA kuye ku-A4 (i-SDA ku-Arduino)
2. Ukuxhuma Isibonisi se-LCD
I-LCD engu-16×2 isetshenziselwa ukubonisa amaza omsakazo nolunye ulwazi. I-LCD ixhunywe ku-Arduino ngemodi ye-4-bit kanje:
- I-RS ukuze uphine i-Arduino engu-7
– E kuya ku-pin 8 ye-Arduino
– D4 kuya ku-Arduino pin 9
– D5 kuya ku-Arduino pin 10
– D6 kuya ku-Arduino pin 11
– D7 kuya ku-Arduino pin 12
– VSS kuya ku-GND, VDD kuya ku-5V
– kusuka ku-RW kuya ku-GND
– Umlenze we-Potentiometer wokuqhathanisa ne-VSS (umlenze ophakathi kuya ku-VO)
3. Ukuxhuma i-Rotary Encoder
I-rotary encoder izosetshenziswa ukushintsha imvamisa yomsakazo. Ukuxhumeka kwe-rotary encoder ku-Arduino kungokulandelayo:
– I-CLK (Iwashi) ukuze uphine i-Arduino engu-2
– DT (Idatha) ukuze uphine i-Arduino engu-3
– SW (Shintshela) ku-Arduino pin 4 (ongakukhetha ukuze usethe kabusha imvamisa)
– + kuya ku-5V
– GND kuya ku-GND
4. Ukuxhuma Izipikha noma Ama-Earphone
Ukuze uthole umsindo ophumayo, singasebenzisa isikhulumi esincane noma ama-earphone. Ukuxhumana okuvela kumojuli ye-TEA5767 nesipika kungokulandelayo:
– LOUT (kwesobunxele) kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesobunxele isipikha/ukufakwa kwe-earphone
– Ukufaka i-ROUT (kwesokudla) kusuka kwesokudla kuya esipikheni/earphone
– Isikhulumi se-GND (esiphansi) kuya ku-GND evamile
5. I-Antena Yomsakazo
I-antenna yomsakazo ingaba yintambo yethusi noma i-antenna ye-telescopic eyenziwe ngaphambilini. Yixhume kuphini ye-antenna kumojuli ye-TEA5767.
6. Uhlelo lwe-Microcontroller
Manje njengoba zonke izingxenye sezixhunyiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlela i-microcontroller. Nasi isibonelo esilula sekhodi yokusebenzisa umsakazo wedijithali usebenzisa i-Arduino.
"`cpp
Faka
Faka
Faka
Faka
Umsakazo we-TEA5767;
I-LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
Isifaki khodi se-RotaryEncoder(2, 3);
imvamisa ephindwe kabili = 98.0; // imvamisa yokuqala
i-bool mute = amanga;
ukusetha okungenalutho () {
umsakazo.init();
i-lcd.begin(16, 2);
i-encoder.setPosition (imvamisa engu-100);
i-radio.setFrequency(imvamisa);
i-pinMode(4, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
i-loop engekho () {
i-double newFrequency = i-encoder.getPosition() / 100.0;
uma (imvamisa entsha! =) {
imvamisa = entshaImvamisa;
i-radio.setFrequency(imvamisa);
i-lcd.clear();
i-lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
i-lcd.print(“Imvamisa: “);
i-lcd.print(imvamisa);
i-lcd.print(”MHz”);
}
uma (digitalRead(4) == LOW) { // Uma inkinobho icindezelwe
thulisa = !thulisa;
uma (thula) {
umsakazo.mute();
i-lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
i-lcd.print ("Ithulisiwe");
} enye {
umsakazo.unMute();
i-lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
i-lcd.print(” “);
i-lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
i-lcd.print ("Susa ukuthula");
}
ukubambezeleka (500); // ukuphika
i-lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
i-lcd.print(” “);
}
}
``
Lolu hlelo luzofunda inani elivela ku-rotary encoder, lubuyekeze imvamisa yomsakazo, bese luyibonisa ku-LCD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma inkinobho ku-encoder icindezelwa, uhlelo luzovula noma luvale i-mute.
7. Izinsiza kanye Nokuhlolwa
Xhuma ugesi ozinzile ku-Arduino. Uma konke sekufakiwe, vula i-Arduino bese ubheka i-LCD. Imvamisa yokuqala yomsakazo izoboniswa ku-LCD, futhi singashintsha imvamisa sisebenzisa i-rotary encoder.
Uma umsindo ovela emsakazweni ungezwakali, hlola kabili ukuxhumana kwesipikha/kwe-earphone bese uqinisekisa ukuthi imodyuli ye-TEA5767 ithola isignali enhle evela ku-antenna.
8. Ukuthuthukiswa Okwengeziwe kanye Nentuthuko
Ngemva kokudala ngempumelelo umsakazo wedijithali oyisisekelo, singawukhulisa lo msebenzi ngezici ezengeziwe ezahlukahlukene:
– Kungezwe Ukuskena Okuzenzakalelayo: Isici sokuskena ukuze useshe iziteshi ezicacile ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Izilungiselelo Ezisethwe Ngaphambilini: Londoloza imvamisa oyithandayo ezinkinobho eziningana ezisethwe kusengaphambili ukuze ufinyelele ngokushesha.
– Ukulawula Okukude: Sebenzisa i-Bluetooth module noma i-ESP8266 ukulawula umsakazo nge-smartphone.
– Isibonisi Esinolwazi Olwengeziwe: Ukusebenzisa isikrini esikhulu se-LCD noma se-OLED ukubonisa ulwazi olwengeziwe njenge-RDS (Radio Data System).
Ngokulandela isifundo esingenhla, singakha umsakazo wethu wedijithali we-DIY ngenkathi sifunda okuningi ngama-microcontrollers kanye ne-electronics. Inhlanhla, futhi sithemba ukuthi lo msebenzi womsakazo wedijithali ujabulisa futhi uyafundisa!
