Izinyathelo Zokwenza Umsakazo Omncane
Umsakazo omncane uyithuluzi elincane elikuvumela ukuthi ulalele ukusakazwa komsakazo. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, inqubo yokwakha ihilela izingxenye eziningana eziyisisekelo ze-elekthronikhi. Umsakazo omncane ungakhiwa ngezinjongo zokuzilibazisa noma njengethuluzi lokufunda eliyisisekelo le-elekthronikhi. Kulesi sihloko, sizomboza izinyathelo ezinemininingwane zokwakha umsakazo omncane.
1. Lungisa Amathuluzi Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, qiniseka ukuthi unawo wonke amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo. Nasi uhlu lwalokho okuzodinga:
Ithuluzi:
- Insimbi yokuhlanganisa kanye neyokunamathisela
- Izinti zokusika
– Izimpintshi ezivikelayo
– I-Multimeter (ongakukhetha)
– Ibhodi lokubhaka (lokuhlola kokuqala)
U-Bahan:
– I-Antenna (ucingo lwethusi noma i-teleskopu encane)
– Ama-capacitor e-Ceramic (10-100 pF)
– Ukugoqa ucingo olufakwe enamel (lwe-coil)
– I-Transistor (i-NPN efana ne-2N2222 noma i-2N3904)
– Ama-Resistors (1kΩ, 10kΩ)
– I-detector diode (1N34A noma efanayo)
– Ukulawula ivolumu (i-potentiometer engu-10kΩ)
- I-headphone encane noma i-speaker jack
– Amabhethri (9V noma 2x AA anesibambi)
2. Ukwenza Ikhoyili (Inductor)
Ingxenye ebalulekile emsakazweni yi-coil, noma i-inductor. Umsebenzi we-coil ukubamba amasignali omsakazo. Nansi indlela yokwenza i-coil:
1. Thatha ucingo olune-enamel olunobude obungaba yimitha elilodwa.
2. Gingqa ucingo uzungeze umongo oyisilinda (ungenziwa ngebhethri elisetshenzisiwe noma ipayipi lepulasitiki) onobubanzi obungaba ngu-1-2 cm.
3. Songa ucingo izikhathi ezingu-20-50, kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukulubamba kangaki.
4. Ngemva kokuqeda ukugoqa, shiya ukuphela kwentambo ubude obungu-3 cm ukuze kuxhunywe ugesi.
3. Ukuhlanganisa Izingxenye Ebhodini Lesinkwa
Ungasebenzisa ibhodi lokuhlanganisa izingxenye ngaphambi kokuzihlanganisa ne-PCB ukuze kube lula ukuzihlola.
1. Xhuma i-capacitor ye-ceramic engu-100 pF ngomlenze owodwa uye phansi (GND) kanye nomunye uye komunye umkhawulo wekhoyili.
2. Namathisela olunye uhlangothi lwekhoyili kumqoqi we-transistor ye-NPN.
3. Xhuma isisekelo se-transistor ku-resistor engu-10kΩ, bese kuthi esinye isiphetho se-resistor sibe phansi.
4. Kusukela kumqoqi we-transistor, xhuma futhi i-resistor engu-1kΩ kuma-headphone noma i-speaker jack.
5. Faka i-detector diode (i-cathode ohlangothini lwe-'+' kanye ne-anode phansi, ngokuhambisana nomphumela womsindo).
6. Kusukela ekukhipheni komsindo, engeza i-capacitor engu-10µF ukuze uhlukanise isignali yomsindo.
7. Xhuma i-antenna endaweni yokufaka ikhoyili.
4. Ukushisela ku-PCB
Ngemva kokuhlola ebhodini lokubhaka, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunamathisela izingxenye ku-PCB ukuze kube yidivayisi ehlala njalo.
1. Beka izingxenye ku-PCB ngokwesekethe oyidalile ebhodini lokubhaka.
2. Hlanganisa ingxenye ngayinye ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ama-short circuits.
3. Qiniseka ukuthi i-solder iqinile futhi akukho milenze yengxenye ethintanayo.
5. Ukuhlolwa Nokulungiswa
Faka amabhethri bese uvula umsakazo wakho omncane. Lalela umsindo ngama-headphone noma izipikha, bese wenza izinguquko ezilandelayo:
1. I-Antenna: Qiniseka ukuthi i-antenna ixhunywe kahle. Indlela elula yokuthuthukisa ukwamukelwa kwayo ukwandisa ubude be-antenna.
2. Ikhoyili: Uma isignali eyamukelwe ingacacile noma ingekho, zama ukwengeza noma ukunciphisa inani lokujika kukhoyili. Lokhu kuzoshintsha imvamisa yokuzwakala.
3. I-Transistor: Hlola ukuthi i-transistor isebenza kahle yini ngokuyihlola usebenzisa i-multimeter noma ngokuyishintsha nge-transistor.
6. Ukufaka Izingxenye Ebhokisini
Uma konke sekusebenze kahle, sekuyisikhathi sokufaka izingxenye ebhokisini ukuze zibukeke zicocekile futhi zivikele izingxenye ekulimaleni.
1. Thola ibhokisi elikhulu ngokwanele ukubamba zonke izingxenye.
2. Bhoboza imigodi ye-headphone jack, i-volume control potentiometer, kanye ne-antenna.
3. Faka i-PCB ngaphakathi kwebhokisi bese uyibopha usebenzisa izisekelo noma iglue.
4. Faka iphaneli engaphambili enokulawula ivolumu kanye ne-headphone jack.
7. Izici Ezengeziwe (Ongakukhetha)
Ungangeza ezinye izici ezengeziwe ukuze wenze umsakazo omncane usebenze kakhudlwana:
1. Khetha Imvamisa: Ngokufaka i-potentiometer ekabili noma i-capacitor eguquguqukayo, ungakhetha imvamisa ofuna ukuyibamba.
2. I-Amplifier Yomsindo: Uma ivolumu iphansi kakhulu, ungangeza isekethe ye-amplifier yomsindo ene-IC efana ne-LM386 ukuze umsindo ube mkhulu futhi ucace.
Isiphetho
Ukwakha umsakazo omncane kungaba yiphrojekthi eyinselele kodwa evuzayo kakhulu kokubili kwabaqalayo kanye nabathandi bezinto zikagesi abanolwazi. Le nqubo idinga ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezingxenye zikagesi kanye namasekethe, kanye namakhono asebenzayo ekuhlanganiseni nasekuhlanganiseni.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, uzokwazi ukwakha umsakazo omncane osebenzayo futhi mhlawumbe uthole ukuqonda okuthile ngendlela ama-radio receiver asebenza ngayo. Ngikufisela inhlanhla, futhi ujabulele ukudalwa kwakho okuyingqayizivele komsakazo omncane!
