Inqubo Yokushintshana Ngegesi Emaphashini
Uhlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu luyisistimu ebalulekile evumela ukushintshana kwegesi, okuyinto ebalulekile ukuze umuntu asinde. Empeleni, ukuphefumula kuyinqubo yokungenisa umoya emzimbeni usuka endaweni yangaphandle bese uwukhipha emzimbeni. Ukushintshana kwegesi okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka emaphashini, izitho ezidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko yamaphaphu ukulawula ukushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide phakathi kwegazi nomoya. Le nqubo yenzeka kuma-alveoli, amasaka amancane omoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokucophelela indlela yokushintshaniswa kwegesi okwenzeka emaphashini, kusukela ezicini zomzimba kuya ekulawulweni kwale nqubo emzimbeni.
Ukwakheka Nokwakheka Kwamaphaphu
Amaphaphu atholakala esifubeni, avikelwe yizimbambo futhi aboshwe yi-diaphragm ngezansi. Amaphaphu ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, iphaphu lesobunxele kanye nephaphu lesokudla, kanti iphaphu lesokudla lakhiwe ngama-lobes amathathu kanye nephaphu lesokudla lakhiwe ngama-lobes amabili, okunikeza isikhala senhliziyo.
Ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu kukhona i-bronchi, ehluma ibe ama-bronchioles amancane bese ekugcineni iphelela kuma-alveoli. Ama-Alveoli ayizakhiwo ezifana namagilebhisi ezinendawo enkulu kakhulu futhi zizungezwe ama-capillary amancane egazi. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela ukusabalala kwamagesi.
Indlela Yokushintshana Ngegesi
Inqubo yokuphefumula iqala lapho umoya uphefumulwa ngekhala noma ngomlomo, udlula ku-trachea, ungena emaphashini nge-bronchi, bese ekugcineni ufika ku-alveoli. Ku-alveoli, ukushintshana kwegesi kwenzeka ngokusabalalisa, ukunyakaza kwama-molecule kusuka ekugxilweni okuphezulu kuya ekugxilweni okuphansi.
Okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ku-alveoli kuphakeme kunakuma-capillary azungezile, athwala igazi elicebile nge-carbon dioxide lisuka emzimbeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, umoya-mpilo uyasakazeka usuka ku-alveoli uye egazini, kuyilapho i-carbon dioxide isakazeka usuka egazini iye ku-alveoli ukuze ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.
Indima Ye-Hemoglobin Nokujikeleza Kwegazi
Umoya-mpilo ongena egazini awuncibiliki ngqo ku-plasma kodwa kunalokho uboshelwa ama-molecule e-hemoglobin atholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi. I-molecule ngayinye ye-hemoglobin ingabopha ama-molecule amane e-oxygen, okwenza ukuthuthwa komoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba kube ngempumelelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-carbon dioxide ithuthwa ngezindlela ezintathu: incibilikiswe ku-plasma, iboshwe ku-hemoglobin, noma njenge-bicarbonate.
Inhliziyo ibe isipompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke ukuze lisetshenziswe ekusetshenzisweni kweseli. Ngemva kokukhipha umoya-mpilo, igazi libuyela emaphashini, lithwele i-carbon dioxide kanye neminye imfucuza ye-metabolic ukuze ikhishwe.
Imithethonqubo kanye nezici ezithinta ukushintshaniswa kwegesi
Ukushintshana kwegesi emaphashini kuthonywa yizici eziningana, njengokugcwala kwegesi, izinga lokugeleza kwegazi, kanye nobukhulu bezindonga ze-alveolar kanye ne-capillary. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi umoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide kungasabalala kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba unendlela yokulawula ukuphefumula elawulwa yisikhungo sokuphefumula ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi i-medulla oblongata kanye ne-pons. Lesi sikhungo sokuphefumula sisabela ezinguqukweni zokugcwala komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide egazini ngokulawula izinga kanye nokujula kokuphefumula.
Izinkinga Nezifo Ezithinta Ukushintshana Kwegesi
Izimo eziningana zingaphazamisa ukushintshana kwegesi emaphashini, okuhlanganisa isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuvimbela amaphaphu (i-COPD), i-emphysema, i-asthma, kanye ne-pulmonary fibrosis. Lezi zimo zingathinta ikhono lamaphaphu lokusabalalisa amagesi ngendlela efanele, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nokuphelelwa umoya, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuncipha kokukhuthazela ngokomzimba.
Izinguquko esakhiweni se-alveoli noma ama-capillary, njengokuvuvukala noma ukuqina kodonga, nazo zingaphazamisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha njengokwelashwa komoya-mpilo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bronchodilator, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu kungadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuphefumula.
Isiphetho
Ukushintshana kwegesi emaphashini kuyinqubo ebalulekile evumela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungene emzimbeni kanye ne-carbon dioxide ukuthi ikhishwe. Le nqubo incike esakhiweni esiyinkimbinkimbi samaphaphu futhi isekelwa yizimo zomzimba ezivumela ukusabalala kwegesi.
Ukuqonda kahle le nqubo kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngomsebenzi wokuphefumula, izici ezingawuthonya, kanye nemiphumela yawo empilweni yabantu, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezifo zokuphefumula. Ukugcina impilo yamaphaphu nokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphefumula kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukushintshana kwegesi okusebenzayo nokuhle emzimbeni.
