Amathuluzi Ezidingo Zokuphrinta Umsebenzi Wobuciko
Ukunyathelisa ubuciko kuyinqubo yokuguqula umqondo obonakalayo ube yisimo esibonakalayo esingabonakala, sithintwe, siboniswe, futhi—uma kudingeka—siphinde sikhiqizwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa uhlamvu lwaso lobuciko. Empeleni, ikhwalithi yokunyathelisa ayinqunywa nje kuphela yikhono lobuciko kodwa futhi nokukhethwa kwemishini efanele. Kusukela kumasu endabuko njengokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okujulile, kuya kubuchwepheshe bedijithali besimanje, ngayinye idinga imishini ethile. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngamathuluzi abalulekile okunyathelisa ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yawo ukwenza inqubo isebenze kahle futhi ifinyelele imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
1. Amathuluzi Ayisisekelo Asetshenziswa Kakhulu Ekunyatheliseni Ubuciko
Ngaphambi kokungena emasu athile, kunezinye izindlela eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa cishe njalo ezindleleni ezahlukene zokunyathelisa.
a. Iphepha lokuphrinta
Iphepha "liyisigaba" esiyinhloko semisebenzi ephrintiwe. Iphepha lobuciko bezithombe livame ukuba ne-grammage ejiyile kanye nemicu eqinile yokumelana nengcindezi, uyinki, kanye nenqubo yokomisa. Izibonelo zifaka iphepha likakotini, iphepha elicindezelwe ngokubandayo, noma iphepha lokuphrinta elikhethekile elinokwakheka kwalo okuhlukile. Ukukhetha iphepha kuthinta imininingwane, ubukhali bomugqa, kanye nekhwalithi yombala.
b. Uyinki nopende
Uyinki wokwenza ukuphrinta awufani noyinki ovamile wokuphrinta. Kukhona uyinki osekelwe kumafutha, ovame ukuba mkhulu futhi uqine, kanye noyinki osekelwe emanzini, okulula ukuwahlanza futhi ofanelekela ama-studio amancane. Kumasu athile, njenge-monoprint, upende we-acrylic uvame ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeza i-medium ukuvimbela ukoma.
c. I-roller (brayer) kanye nommese we-palette
I-brayer isetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa uyinki ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-cliche noma ipuleti. Ummese we-palette usiza ukuxuba, ukukha, nokusabalalisa uyinki engilazini noma eplatini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ukujiya kweyinki okuhambisanayo.
d. Ingilazi noma i-slab yeyinki
Indawo eyisicaba njengengilazi ejiyile, i-acrylic, noma ipuleti lensimbi isetshenziselwa "ukusebenza" kweyinki ngaphambi kokufaka. Lo mhlaba kumele ube bushelelezi ukuze uyinki ikwazi ukusabalala ngokulinganayo.
2. Amathuluzi Obuchwepheshe Bokunyathelisa Okuphezulu (Ukunyathelisa Okusizayo)
Ukuphrinta okunezinga eliphezulu kuyindlela lapho izingxenye eziphakanyisiwe ze-cliche zithola khona uyinki bese zinyatheliswa ephepheni. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izingcezu zokhuni kanye ne-linocuts.
a. Izinkuni noma i-lino cliché (ibhlogo le-linoleum)
Izinkuni zinikeza okusanhlamvu okuhlukile, kwemvelo, kuyilapho i-lino ibushelelezi futhi kulula ukuyiqopha. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kunquma ukuthungwa kanye nezinga lemininingwane engatholakala.
b. Izimbobo zokugaya kanye nemimese yokuqopha
Ama-chisel angu-V-, U-, noma ayisicaba asetshenziselwa ukuqopha izindawo okungafanele ziqoshwe. Ikhwalithi ye-chisel inquma ukuhlanzeka kwemigqa kanye nenduduzo yomsebenzi. Ama-chisel abukhali avumela ukuqoshwa okunembe kakhudlwana futhi anciphise ingozi yokushelela.
c. Ingenalutho noma isipuni (sokunyathelisa ngesandla)
Uma ungenawo umshini wokucindezela, abaculi bangasebenzisa i-baren (ithuluzi lokuhlikihla lendabuko) noma ngisho nesipuni ukufaka ingcindezi lapho bedlulisela uyinki ephepheni. Le ndlela ifaneleka estudiyo sasekhaya, yize kudinga umzamo kanye nesineke ukufaka ingcindezi efanayo.
d. Umshini wokunyathelisa (umshini wokunyathelisa)
Ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle, umshini wokucindezela usebenzisa ingcindezi efanayo ukuze kutholakale imiphumela yokuphrinta ehambisanayo. Imishini yokucindezela ekhethekile yokusiza iklanyelwe ukugwema ukulimaza isisho esivamile futhi iyakwazi ukuphrinta ngobuningi.
3. Amathuluzi Obuchwepheshe Bokuphrinta be-Intaglio
Ukuphrinta okujulile kuphambene nokuphrinta okuphezulu: uyinki udonswa ezindaweni ezigobile zepuleti. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuqopha, ukuqopha, kanye nendawo eyomile.
a. Amapuleti ensimbi (ithusi, i-zinc, i-aluminium)
Ithusi lithandwa ngenxa yokushelela kwalo nokusebenza kwalo kalula, i-zinc iyonga kakhulu, kanti i-aluminium ilula futhi kulula ukuyicubungula. Uhlobo lwepuleti luthinta imininingwane, ukuqina, kanye nohlobo lomugqa.
b. Amathuluzi okuqopha izinaliti nokuqopha
Izinaliti zokuqopha zisetshenziselwa ukudweba ungqimba oluvikelayo (phansi) ngaphambi kokuba ipuleti licwiliswe esixazululweni sokuqopha. Amathuluzi okuqopha aqinile futhi asetshenziselwa ukuqopha ngqo epuletini.
c. Isixazululo sokusika kanye nemishini yokuphepha
Ukugcaba kwendabuko kuvame ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali agqwalisayo. Ngakho-ke, imishini yokuphepha efana namagilavu e-nitrile, izibuko, imaski, kanye nokungenisa umoya estudiyo kubalulekile. Ama-studio amaningi esimanje ashintshela ezixazululweni ezinobungani nemvelo, kodwa izinqubo eziphephile zisabalulekile.
d. I-Tarlatan kanye nendwangu yokuhlanza
Indwangu ethambile (indwangu ethambile) isetshenziswa ukuhlanza ubuso bepuleti ngemva kokuba uyinki usungene ezindaweni ezigobile. Indlela yokusula inquma kakhulu umuzwa kanye nomehluko wokuphrinta.
e. Ukucindezela kwe-Intaglio kanye nengubo
Imishini yokucindezela i-Intaglio ivame ukusebenzisa ama-roller akhethekile nezingubo zokulala ukusiza ukusunduza iphepha epuletini. Ngaphandle komshini wokucindezela ofanele, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuphrinta okubukhali nokubonakalayo kwe-intaglio.
4. Amathuluzi Okusebenzisa I-Lithography Nokuphrinta Isikrini
Ngaphandle kokukhululeka kanye ne-intaglio, ezinye izindlela ezimbili ezidumile yi-lithography kanye nokuphrinta kwesikrini.
a. I-Lithography (itshe noma ipuleti)
I-lithography yendabuko isebenzisa i-limestone (i-lithostone) nama-crayon akhethekile. Izinguqulo zanamuhla zisebenzisa amapuleti e-aluminium. Imishini eyinhloko ihlanganisa ama-crayon e-lithography, i-gum arabic, isixazululo sokucubungula, ama-roller e-ink, kanye nomshini wokucindezela i-lithography.
b. Ukuphrinta kwesikrini (ukuphrinta kwesikrini)
Le ndlela iguquguquka kakhulu emisebenzini yobuciko yesimanje.
Amathuluzi abalulekile afaka:
– Uhlaka lwesikrini olunendwangu ene-mesh (osayizi abahlukene bemininingwane emincane noma izindawo ezinkulu)
- Iyunithi yokunyathelisa i-emulsion kanye neyokuchayeka yokwenza ama-stencil
- Squeegee ukudweba uyinki esikrinini
– Itafula lokuphrinta kanye ne-glue (itheyiphu/iglue) ukuze kugcinwe indawo yephepha
– Uyinki wokuphrinta isikrini (i-plastisol noma esuselwe emanzini) ngokuya ngezidingo zobuciko nezemidiya
Ukuphrinta kwesikrini kuyaphumelela kakhulu ngombala wamabhulokhi, ukwakheka kwezingqimba, kanye nokusebenza kokuphrinta okuhambisanayo.
5. Amathuluzi Okuphrinta Ubuciko Obusezingeni Ledijithali
Ezweni lobuciko besimanje, ukuphrinta kwedijithali kuyindlela yokukhetha ngoba kuyashesha, kunembile, futhi kungakhiqiza ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwekhwalithi yegalari uma kusetshenziswa amazinga obuciko obuhle.
a. Ubuciko obuhle (giclée) amaphrinta e-inkjet
Amaphrinta e-Giclée ngokuvamile asebenzisa uyinki wombala ongashisi. Lawa uyinki anikeza ukuhleleka okubushelelezi, imininingwane ephezulu, kanye nokuqina kombala okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa noyinki odayiwe ovamile.
b. Amathuluzi okuqapha alinganisiwe kanye nokulinganisa
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kombala phakathi kwesikrini nokuphrinta, abaculi badinga i-monitor enokunemba okuhle kombala kanye nedivayisi yokulinganisa (i-colorimeter). Lokhu kusiza ekukhiqizeni umphumela ohambisanayo.
c. Amaphrofayili ombala (amaphrofayili e-ICC) kanye nesofthiwe yokuklama
Isofthiwe efana ne-Adobe Photoshop noma i-Illustrator, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayili e-ICC, idlala indima enkulu ekuphathweni kombala. Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kombala okufanele, amaphrinti angaba mnyama kakhulu, angacacile, noma abe nombala ophambene.
d. Iphepha lobuciko obuhle kanye nekhanvasi
Ukunyathelisa ngobuciko bedijithali kuvame ukusebenzisa iphepha eligugile (ikotini), i-baryta, noma i-canvas ekhethekile ye-inkjet. Izindawo ezicwebezelayo zakha umuzwa othambile nowobuciko, kuyilapho ukucwebezela okuncane kungathuthukisa imininingwane kanye nokungafani.
6. Amathuluzi Okusekela: Ukuqeda Nokulungisa
Uma ukuphrinta sekuqediwe, inqubo yokuqeda isiza umsebenzi ukuthi uhlale isikhathi eside futhi ubukeke ungochwepheshe.
a. Umsiki, irula yensimbi, kanye nomata wokusika
Kusetshenziselwa ukusika iphepha kahle, ukudala amamajini ohlelo, noma ukulungisa osayizi bohlaka.
b. I-dryer kanye ne-dryer rack
Imidwebo yeyinki esuselwe ku-oyili ithatha isikhathi eside ukoma. I-rack yokomisa isiza ukuvimbela imidwebo ukuthi inganamatheli ndawonye, igcine indawo ihlanzekile.
c. Isifutho esivikelayo (esilungisayo/esivanishi)
Kweminye imisebenzi, isembozo esivikelayo sisiza ukuvimbela imihuzuko futhi sandise impilo yombala. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwaso kumele kulungiswe ngohlobo lweyinki nephepha ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza indawo.
d. Amagilavu ekotini namafolda okugcina umlando
Ukuze kugcinwe, amagilavu avimbela amafutha esandla ukuthi angangcolisi iphepha. Amafolda okugcina angena-asidi agcina umsebenzi wakho uqinile futhi avimbela ukuphuzi.
I-Penutup
Amathuluzi okunyathelisa ubuciko awagcini nje ngokuba "imishini yobuchwepheshe," kodwa ayingxenye yesu lobuciko. Ukukhetha isisho esifanele, uyinki ofanele, kanye nomshini wokunyathelisa noma iphrinta ehambisana nezici ezibonakalayo kuzosiza abaculi ukuthi bakhiqize umsebenzi oqinile, ohambisanayo, nohlala isikhathi eside. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bunikeza ubulula nokunemba, kuyilapho amasu endabuko enikeza ukuthungwa okuhlukile, iziprinti zezandla, kanye nokujula. Ekugcineni, amathuluzi amahle kakhulu yilawo afanelana kahle nemigomo yakho yokubuka, izinsiza zesitudiyo, kanye nesitayela sokudala.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko ukuze sisetshenziswe: amasu athile (i-linocut kuphela/ukuphrinta kwesikrini kuphela), amafomethi emisebenzi yesikole, noma ngengeze uhlu lwamathuluzi kanye namanani alinganiselwayo e-Indonesia.
