Izimiso Zamagagasi
Amagagasi ayisici esiyisisekelo esingokwenyama empilweni yansuku zonke futhi anezicelo eziningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-physics, ubunjiniyela, ngisho nomculo. Ku-physics, igagasi lichazwa njengokuphazamiseka okusakazeka esikhaleni noma endaweni, okuhambisana nokudluliselwa kwamandla. Izimiso eziyisisekelo ezilawula ukuziphatha kwamagagasi zihlanganisa imiqondo eyahlukahlukene, kusukela esimweni esiyisisekelo samagagasi kuya endleleni asebenzisana ngayo.
1. Izakhiwo Eziyisisekelo Zamagagasi
Ukuze uqonde izimiso zamagagasi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezabiwe yizo zonke izinhlobo zamagagasi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamagagasi: amagagasi omshini kanye namagagasi kagesi. Amagagasi kagesi adinga i-medium ukuze asakazeke, njengamanzi, umoya, noma intambo, kuyilapho amagagasi kagesi, njengamagagasi okukhanya nomsakazo, engadingi i-medium futhi angasakazeka endaweni engenamuntu.
Igagasi ngalinye linezici eziningana eziyinhloko, njenge-amplitude, ubude be-wavelength, imvamisa, kanye nesivinini:
– Ukuphakama kuyisilinganiso sobukhulu begagasi, noma ukuphakama kwalo okuphezulu kusukela phakathi nendawo yalo kuya esiqongweni salo. Ukuphakama kuhlobene namandla egagasi; uma ukuphakama kukhulu, kulapho igagasi lithwala khona amandla amaningi.
– Ubude begagasi ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphuzu amabili alandelanayo asesigabeni, njenge-crest kuya ku-crest noma i-trough kuya ku-trough. Ubude begagasi buvame ukulinganiswa ngamamitha, kanti uphawu olusetshenziswayo yi-lambda (λ).
– Imvamisa ibhekisela enanini lemijikelezo yamagagasi eyenzeka ngomzuzwana owodwa futhi ilinganiswa nge-hertz (Hz). Imvamisa kanye nobude besikhathi kunobudlelwano obuphambene; njengoba imvamisa ikhula, ubude besikhathi besikhathi buyancipha, kuyilapho isivinini sihlala singaguquki.
– Ijubane lamagagasi yijubane lapho igagasi lisakazeka khona nge-medium. Leli jubane lincike ohlotsheni lwegagasi kanye ne-medium elidlula kuyo.
2. Isimiso Sokuphakanyiswa Kwesikhundla Esiphezulu
Isimiso esisodwa esibalulekile kumagagasi yisimiso sokuma phezulu, esithi lapho amagagasi amabili noma ngaphezulu ehlangana esikhaleni, ukuphazamiseka okubangelwayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi yisamba se-algebraic sokuphazamiseka ngakunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagagasi angaqinisana (akhayo) noma abuthakathaka (abhubhisayo) lapho ehlangana. Lesi simo sivame ukubonwa emsindweni nasekukhanyeni. Isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo kungakhulisa umsindo endaweni eyodwa, futhi ukuphazamiseka okubhubhisayo kungabangela "indawo ethule."
3. Ukuzindla, Ukwehlukaniswa, kanye Nokwehlukaniswa
Uma amagagasi ehlangana nesithiyo noma indlela entsha, angabhekana nezimo eziningana:
– Ukuzindla: Kwenzeka lapho igagasi lishaya indawo bese libuyela endaweni yalo yokuqala. Umthetho wokuzindla uthi i-engeli yokwenzeka ilingana ne-engeli yokuzindla.
– Ukufiphaza: Lokhu ukushintsha kwendlela igagasi elihamba ngayo uma lingena endaweni ephakathi ngesivinini esihlukile. Lokhu kubonakala lapho ukukhanya kudlula kusuka emoyeni kuya engilazini, okubangela ukufiphaza kanye nokushintsha kwendlela.
– Ukuphambuka: Inqubo lapho amagagasi edlula khona embotsheni noma eduze kwesithiyo bese esakazeka. Ukuphambuka kuvumela amagagasi ukuthi asakazeke ezindaweni ezinethunzi.
4. Amagagasi Angashintshi
Igagasi elimile lakhiwa lapho amagagasi amabili anomsinga ofanayo kanye nobukhulu obufanayo ehamba ngezindlela eziphambene futhi ephazamisa. Lokhu kudala iphethini eqondile enama-node (amaphuzu aqinile) kanye nama-antipode (iziqongo nezigodi eziphezulu). Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ezinsimbi zomculo, njengezintambo zegitare noma amagagasi omoya emapayipini e-organ.
5. Umphumela we-Doppler
Umphumela we-Doppler ushintsho emvamisa yomsindo noma ukukhanya okubonwa ngumuntu obukayo ngenxa yokunyakaza okuhlobene komthombo nowamukelayo. Isibonelo sansuku zonke ushintsho ekuzwakaleni kwe-siren ye-ambulensi njengoba isondela futhi isuka kuyo. Lo mphumela usetshenziswa nasezinhlelweni zokuzulazula ze-radar nezezinkanyezi ezinquma isivinini.
6. Ukuhlukaniswa
I-Polarization ibhekisela ekuqondeni kokudlidliza kwamagagasi futhi ivame ukuchazwa ngokwengqikithi yamagagasi okukhanya. Ekukhanyeni okupholishiwe, ukudlidliza kwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Lokhu kubalulekile kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-LCD monitors kanye nezibuko zelanga ezipholishiwe, ezinciphisa ukukhanya ngokuvimbela ukukhanya okupholishiwe ngokuvundlile.
7. Umsindo
Ukudlidliza kwenzeka lapho uhlelo ludlidliza ngemvamisa yalo yemvelo, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-amplitude. Lokhu kungabonakala ezimweni ezifana nokudlidliza kwe-acoustic ezintweni zomculo noma ekudlidlizeni kwemishini, njengalapho ibhuloho elidlidlizayo lingawa ngamaza athile. Lesi simo sisetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe eziningi, okuhlanganisa nokucabanga nge-magnetic resonance (MRI) kwezokwelapha.
I-Penutup
Izimiso zamagagasi azigcini nje ngokusekela imiqondo eminingi ku-physics kodwa futhi zithonya ukusetshenziswa okuningi okusebenzayo. Ukuqonda kahle lezi zimiso kusenza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi sithuthukise obukhona. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana, njengezingcingo eziphathwayo kanye namanethiwekhi angenantambo, kanye namathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha kanye nokuxilonga, kuncike kakhulu ekuqondeni okujulile ukuthi amagagasi asebenza futhi asebenzisana kanjani nomhlaba osizungezile. Ngocwaningo lwabo olubanzi, asigcini nje ngokuqonda kangcono izenzakalo zemvelo kodwa futhi sithuthukisa nokusetshenziswa kwazo esintwini.
