Izimiso Ze-Green Chemistry Ekusekeleni Imizamo Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo

I-green chemistry, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sustainable chemistry, iyindlela ye-chemistry egxile ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo ezinciphisa noma eziqeda ukusetshenziswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Umgomo oyinhloko we-green chemistry ukudala izinqubo ezinobungani nemvelo, ezisebenza kahle, neziqhubekayo. Lezi zimiso zibalulekile ekusekeleni imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nokubhekana nezinselele zomhlaba wonke ezihlobene nokungcola, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza zemvelo.

Umlando kanye Nemibono Eyisisekelo Ye-Green Chemistry

I-green chemistry yaqala ukuthuthuka ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemiphumela emibi yemboni yamakhemikhali emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Abantu ababili ababalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-green chemistry kwakunguPaul Anastas noJohn Warner, abasungula ngo-1998 izimiso ezingu-12 ze-Green Chemistry encwadini yabo enesihloko esithi I-Green Chemistry: Ithiyori kanye NomkhubaLezi zimiso zinikeza isiqondiso sokuklama izinqubo nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ephephile futhi enobungani nemvelo.

Izimiso eziyi-12 ze-Green Chemistry

1. Ukuvimbela Ukulahlwa Kwemfucuza: Isimiso sokuqala sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvimbela ukwakheka kwemfucuza kunokuyiphatha ngemva kokuba isikhiqizwe. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwenqubo yamakhemikhali kufanele kulwele ukunciphisa imfucuza kusukela ekuqaleni.
2. Umnotho We-Athomu: Ibeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kahle kwama-reactant ukuze iningi noma wonke ama-athomu e-reactant abe yingxenye yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lezinto ezilahliwe.
3. Ukwenziwa Okungengozi Kakhulu: Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwenziwa ezikhiqiza imikhiqizo enezinto ezincane noma ezingenazo nhlobo izinto eziyingozi, kokubili kubantu kanye nemvelo.
4. Umklamo Wamakhemikhali Ophephile: Ukuthuthukisa amakhemikhali anomsebenzi ofiselekayo kodwa anobuthi obuncane.
5. Izinyibilikisi Eziphephile Nezimo Zokusabela: Gwema ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi eziyingozi kanye nezimo zokusabela. Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, izinqubo zamakhemikhali kufanele zenziwe ngaphandle kwezinyibilikisi noma ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi eziphephile nezinobungani nemvelo.
6. Umklamo Wokusebenzisa Amandla Kahle: Ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali, isibonelo ngokwenza ukusabela ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye nengcindezi uma kungenzeka.
7. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinsiza Ezivuselelekayo: Beka phambili izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo kunezinsiza ezingeke zivuseleleke.
8. Ukunciphisa Okususelwe Kulokho: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezengeziwe njengezivikela, izilungisi, noma ama-reagent angadingekile angadala imfucuza eyengeziwe.
9. I-Catalysis: Ukusebenzisa ama-catalyst ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezimpendulo zamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe isidingo samandla nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
10. Umklamo Wokubola Okuphephile: Ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo engabola ibe izinto ezingenangozi uma ilahlwa ekugcineni endaweni ezungezile.
11. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesikhathi Sangempela Kokuvimbela Ukungcola: Ukuthuthukisa amasu okuqapha inqubo yamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawula ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo eyingozi.
12. I-Chemistry Ephephile Kubantu Nemvelo: Khetha izinto nezinqubo ezinciphisa izingozi ezingaba khona kubantu kanye nemvelo.

Ukuqaliswa kwe-Green Chemistry embonini

Ukusebenzisa izimiso ze-green chemistry embonini yamakhemikhali kunganikeza izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene, njengokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Ezinye izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwe-green chemistry embonini zifaka:

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinyibilikisi Ezinobungani NemveloIzimboni eziningi zamakhemikhali ziyashintsha ekusebenziseni izinyibilikisi eziyingozi zezinto eziphilayo ziye kweziphephile, njengamanzi noma izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe ezintweni eziphilayo. Isibonelo, imboni yezemithi manje isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CO2 obubaluleke kakhulu, obungathatha indawo yezinyibilikisi zezinto eziphilayo ezinqubweni zokukhipha.
2. Ukwenziwa Kwamakhemikhali Okusekelwe Ku-BiomassUkusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo njenge-biomass ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali kuya ngokuya kuvama. Isibonelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-lactic acid kusukela ekuvuthweni koshukela otholakala ezitshalweni, okungasetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki ezibolayo.
3. Inqubo Yokusheshisa: Ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalyst ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa imfucuza. Isibonelo esaziwayo inqubo ye-Haber-Bosch yokukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia, esebenzisa ama-catalyst ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kwe-nitrogen ne-hydrogen.

Izinselelo Namathuba

Nakuba umqondo we-green chemistry unikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwangempela kusabhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene. Inselelo enkulu eyodwa izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obunobungani nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana noshintsho ezimbonini ezisunguliwe nakho kuyisithiyo.

Kodwa-ke, kunamathuba amaningi okuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-chemistry eluhlaza. Ukwandisa ulwazi lomphakathi kanye nemithethonqubo kahulumeni eqinile mayelana nezindaba zemvelo kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezibangela izinkampani ukuthi zamukele imikhuba ye-chemistry eluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwezemfundo, imboni, kanye nohulumeni kungasheshisa ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza.

Isiphetho

I-green chemistry idlala indima ebalulekile emizamweni yokongiwa kwemvelo ngokuqondisa ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo nezinqubo zamakhemikhali eziphephile, ezisebenza kahle, nezisimeme kakhudlwana. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso eziyi-12 ze-green chemistry, imboni yamakhemikhali inganciphisa imiphumela emibi emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu, ngenkathi ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi inciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngenkathi isabhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, amathuba okuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa i-green chemistry ayaqhubeka nokukhula ngokwandisa ulwazi nokusekelwa okuvela kumaqembu ahlukahlukene. Ngokuzibophezela okuhlanganyelwe, i-green chemistry ingaba yisisekelo sentuthuko yezimboni esimeme futhi enobungani nemvelo.