Uhlelo lwe-Yaw kuma-turbine omoya kanye nezinzuzo zalo
Amandla omoya abe yinsika ebalulekile ekushintsheni emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzekile. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga abonakala elula e-turbine yomoya, izinhlelo zokulawula ezahlukahlukene ziyasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-turbine ibamba amandla omoya ngendlela efanele nangokuphephile. Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu uhlelo lwe-yaw. Lolu hlelo lunesibopho sokuqondisa i-nacelle (indlu yenjini) kanye ne-rotor ukuze ihlale ibhekene nesiqondiso somoya. Ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-yaw olusebenza kahle, i-turbine izolahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle, ibhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini, futhi ingase yehluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-yaw luyini, ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko, kanye nezinzuzo zalo ekusebenzeni nasekuphileni kwesikhathi se-turbine yomoya.
Ukuqonda uhlelo lwe-yaw kuma-turbine omoya
Kalula nje, i-yaw ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwe-turbine ezungeze i-axis yayo eqondile ukuze kulungiswe indawo ye-rotor maqondana nesiqondiso somoya. Umgomo oyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotor ibhekene nomoya (phezulu komoya) kuma-turbine amaningi esimanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-blade athola ukugeleza komoya okulinganayo futhi akhiqize amandla aphezulu. Uma i-rotor ingahambisani nesiqondiso somoya (ukungahambisani kahle kwe-yaw), amanye amandla omoya ayachithwa futhi amandla e-aerodynamic aba angalingani.
Ama-turbine omoya amaningi asebenzisa izinsiza anezinhlelo ze-yaw ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ama-turbine omoya aqondile (ama-HAWT). Kuma-turbine amancane, i-yaw ngezinye izikhathi ayisebenzi, isebenzisa i-tail vane ukuqondisa i-rotor emoyeni ngokwemvelo, kodwa le ndlela ngokuvamile ayanele kuma-turbine amakhulu ngenxa yezidingo zokunemba, imithwalo yesakhiwo, kanye nezici zokuphepha.
Kungani i-turbine kufanele ihlale ibhekene nomoya?
Umoya uyashintshashintsha: isiqondiso sawo kanye nokushintsha kwesivinini ngenxa yesimo sendawo, ukuxokozela, umehluko wokushisa, kanye nemiphumela yezakhiwo noma amanye ama-turbine epulazini lomoya. Uma i-turbine ingabhekene nomoya, i-engeli yesigameko somoya ku-rotor ayifaneleki. Imiphumela ifaka:
1. Ukunciphisa Amandla: Ukungalungi kahle kubangela ukwehla kwesilinganiso samandla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukuphambuka kwamadigri ambalwa nje kunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke.
2. Umthwalo ongalingani: I-propeller ithola amandla angalingani, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa ukukhathala kwezinto ezibonakalayo ebaleni, ihabhu, i-nacelle kanye nombhoshongo.
3. Ukudlidliza nomsindo: Ukugeleza okungalingani kungandisa ukuxokozela kwendawo ku-rotor, okubangela ukudlidliza okuphezulu nomsindo.
4. Ingozi yokulimala kwezingxenye: Imithwalo eyengeziwe isheshisa ukuguguleka kwama-bearings, ama-gearbox kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokudlulisa.
Yingakho i-yaw iyingxenye ebalulekile yesu lokulawula i-turbine, kanye nokulawula i-pitch (i-blade angle) kanye nokulawula i-generator.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-yaw
Uhlelo lwe-yaw ku-turbine yomoya yesimanje luqukethe izingxenye eziningana zemishini kanye nekagesi ezisebenza ngendlela ehlanganisiwe:
1. Ukuthwala i-Yaw
Ibhereyi enkulu, emise okwendandatho ivumela i-nacelle ukuthi ijikeleze uma kuqhathaniswa nephezulu lombhoshongo. Le bereyiyi isekela imithwalo esindayo evela ku-rotor kanye ne-nacelle ngenkathi ivumela ukujikeleza okubushelelezi.
2. I-Yaw drive / i-yaw motor (i-yaw drive)
Injini kagesi (ngokuvamile amayunithi amaningana) ijikeleza i-nacelle nge-gearbox kanye ne-pinion gear ebamba i-ring gear ku-yaw bearing. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-motor amaningi kuvumela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kanye nokuphindaphinda.
3. Ibhuleki lokuhlikihla (ibhuleki lokuhlikihla)
Uhlelo lokubhuleka lubamba i-nacelle endaweni ethile ukuvimbela ukunyakaza ngenxa yomoya ovunguzayo noma ukushintshashintsha kwe-torque. Amabhuleki okubhuleka abalulekile ekuzinzeni, ekunciphiseni ukuguguleka, kanye nokuvimbela ukunyakaza okungalawuleki.
4. Isilawuli sokuquma
Ingxenye yesistimu yokulawula i-turbine enquma ukuthi kufanele ishaye nini. Isilawuli sifunda idatha evela ezinzwa futhi sinquma ukusebenza kwemoto kanye nebhuleki.
5. Inzwa yokuqondisa umoya (i-wind vane) kanye ne-anemometer
I-wind vane ilinganisa isiqondiso somoya, kuyilapho i-anemometer ilinganisa isivinini somoya. Le datha isebenza njengereferensi eyinhloko yokulungisa ukuqondiswa kwe-turbine.
6. Indandatho yokushelela / uhlelo lwekhebula oluguquguqukayo
Ngenxa yokuthi i-nacelle iyajikeleza, izintambo zikagesi nezesignali kumele ziphathwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusonteka. Amasongo okushelela noma izinhlelo zokuphatha izintambo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphakelwa kanye nokuxhumana kuhlala kusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-yaw.
Indlela uhlelo lwe-yaw olusebenza ngayo
Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lwe-yaw lusebenza ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokulawula impendulo. Nansi indlela elula yokugeleza:
1. Inzwa ifunda isiqondiso somoya bese isiqhathanisa nesiqondiso se-rotor samanje.
2. Uma ukuphambuka kudlula umkhawulo othile (isib. amadigri ambalwa), isilawuli senza injini ye-yaw isebenze.
3. Ibhuleki le-yaw liyakhululwa, i-nacelle ijikeleziswa kancane kancane ize isondele ohlangothini lomoya.
4. Uma sekufinyelelwe ukubekezelelana okufiswayo, injini iyama bese ibhuleki lokuya liphinde livale.
Uhlelo lokuquma aluhlali luhamba. Uma umoya ushintsha kancane futhi ngokushesha, ukuquma njalo kungabangela ukuguguleka kwezingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ukuquma ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-hysteresis noma i-delay logic ukuquma kuphela lapho ushintsho oluqondisayo lubalulekile futhi luzinzile.
Izinhlobo zamasu okugwaza
Empeleni, kunezindlela eziningana zokusebenzisa i-yaw ngokuya ngomklamo we-turbine kanye nezimo zendawo:
– I-Active yaw: isebenzisa ama-motor kanye nezilawuli ezizenzakalelayo, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-turbine amakhulu.
– Ukuwa okungapheli: kusebenzisa umklamo womsila noma we-aerodynamic, ovame kakhulu kuma-turbine amancane.
– Ukuzikhahlela ngokukhululekile nge-damper: i-nacelle ingajikeleza ngokukhululeka, kodwa isalawulwa yi-damper ukuvimbela ukunyakazisa ngokweqile.
– Ukulawulwa kokungahambisani kahle kwe-yaw: Emapulazini omoya, ama-turbine ngezinye izikhathi ahlelwa kabi ngamabomu ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokuvuka futhi kwandiswe umkhiqizo wepulazi lonke (umqondo wokuqondisa ukuvuka). Leli isu elithuthukisiwe futhi lidinga ukumodelwa nokulawulwa ngokucophelela.
Izinzuzo zesistimu ye-yaw yama-turbine omoya
1. Khulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-yaw ukugcina i-rotor isesimweni esifanele, okuvumela i-turbine ukuthi ibambe amandla omoya amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Esikalini sepulazi lomoya, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-yaw okuqhubekayo kungakhulisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezinguquko ezivamile zesiqondiso somoya.
2. Nciphisa umthwalo wokukhathala futhi wandise impilo ye-turbine
Ukugoba okunembile kusiza ekunciphiseni amandla angalingani ku-rotor kanye nombhoshongo. Ukunciphisa imithwalo yokukhathala kusho ukuthi izingxenye ezifana nama-blade, ama-bearings, kanye nezakhiwo zombhoshongo zithola ukucindezeleka okuphansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwandisa impilo yazo yokusebenza futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka.
3. Gcina ukuzinza nokusebenza kahle
Uma kunemimoya enamandla noma ukuxokozela, uhlelo lokugoba lusebenza ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula iphimbo kanye nokuvikela ukugcina i-turbine ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokusebenza ephephile. Ukugoba okulawulwayo kunciphisa amathuba okunyakaza okungazelelwe okungabeka engcupheni izingxenye noma abasebenzi bokulungisa.
4. Nciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula
Uma i-yaw isebenza kahle, ukuguguleka kwemishini kanye nokuvama kokungasebenzi kuyancishiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindleko zokulungisa ziphansi, isikhathi esincane sokungasebenzi, kanye nokwenyuka kokuthembeka kokusebenza—izici ezibalulekile kumaphrojekthi wamandla omoya ahlose ukutholakala okuphezulu.
5. Sekela ukwenziwa ngcono kwepulazi lomoya
Emapulazini amakhulu omoya, ukugeleza kokuvuka okuvela ku-turbine engaphambili kungonakalisa ukusebenza kwe-turbine engemuva. Ngezindlela ezifana nokuqondisa ukuvuka, i-yaw ingasetshenziswa ngendlela ehlelekile ukuqondisa ukuvuka kude namanye ama-turbine, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe umkhiqizo ophelele wepulazi. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa njalo, lo mkhuba ubonisa ukuthi i-yaw ayibalulekile kuphela kuma-turbine ngamanye, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zamandla ezinkulu.
Izinselele nezinto okufanele uzinake
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zazo ezinkulu, izinhlelo ze-yaw nazo zibhekene nezinselele eziningana. Izingxenye ezifana nama-yaw bearings nama-drive zisebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu nasezimweni zemvelo ezinzima (umswakama, uthuli, nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa). Ukuthambisa okungekuhle, izinzwa ezinganembile, noma izilawuli ezinamandla kakhulu kungabangela umonakalo futhi kusheshise ukuguguleka. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha isimo, ukuhlolwa njalo, kanye nokulinganiswa kwezinzwa kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwama-wind turbines anamuhla.
I-Penutup
Uhlelo lwe-yaw "luyintamo" ye-turbine yomoya, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotor ihlale ibhekene nomoya ngendlela efanele. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa, abalawuli, ama-motor, amabhuleki, nama-bearings amakhulu, i-yaw isiza i-turbine ukuthi ikhiqize amandla aphezulu ngenkathi igcina imithwalo yesakhiwo elawulekayo. Izinzuzo zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwandisiwe, impilo yezingxenye ende, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, izindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe, kanye namathuba okwenza ngcono ipulazi lomoya ngamasu athuthukile. Esikhathini sokukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo, uhlelo lwe-yaw aluyona nje into ongayikhetha, kodwa luyisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-turbine yomoya kanye nokuthembeka.
