Indlela Uhlelo Lokuphonsa Olulungisa Ngayo I-Engela Yama-Wind Turbine Blades
Ama-turbine omoya anamuhla athembele kokungaphezu nje kwama-blade ajikeleza emoyeni. Ngemuva kokujikeleza okubonakala kulula kukhona uhlelo lokulawula oluklanyelwe ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kwe-turbine ngenkathi luhlala luphephile lapho lubhekene nezinguquko zesivinini somoya. Esinye sezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulawulweni kwe-turbine yomoya uhlelo lokuphonsa, indlela elawula i-engeli ye-blade maqondana nesiqondiso somoya. Ngokushintsha i-engeli ye-blade, i-turbine ingabamba amandla engeziwe, inciphise amandla ngesikhathi semimoya enamandla, futhi ivikele isakhiwo se-turbine ekucindezelekeni okukhulu.
Kuyini iphimbo futhi kungani i-blade angle ibalulekile?
Uma kukhulunywa ngama-wind turbine, i-pitch ibhekisela ekhoneni lokujikeleza kwama-blade uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza yokujikeleza kwe-rotor. Ama-turbine blade asebenza kakhulu njengamaphiko endiza: njengoba umoya udlula iphrofayili ye-blade, kukhiqizwa ukuphakama, okubangela ukuthi i-rotor ijikeleze. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bokuphakama nokuhudula buthinteka kakhulu yi-angle yokuhlasela, okuyi-angle ephakathi kokugeleza komoya okuhlobene kanye nomugqa ophakathi wephrofayili ye-blade. Uhlelo lwe-pitch lushintsha i-angle ye-blade ukuze kugcinwe i-angle yokuhlasela ezingeni layo elisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Uma i-engeli ye-blade "ithambekele" kakhulu emoyeni ngesivinini somoya ophezulu, amandla avelayo angaba ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-rotor ingajikeleza ngokushesha kakhulu, idlule umthamo wejeneretha, futhi ibeke ukucindezeleka okukhulu ezingxenyeni zemishini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma i-engeli ye-blade "ivaliwe" kakhulu emimoyeni ephakathi, amandla atholakalayo awasetshenziswa kahle. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-pitch luyisihluthulelo sokugcina ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Umgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokuphonsa: kusukela ekubambeni amandla kuya ekuncishisweni kwamandla
Ngokuvamile, imisebenzi ye-wind turbine ihlukaniswe ngezifunda eziningana zesivinini somoya:
1. Isivinini sokuvala (isivinini sokuqala sokujikeleza)
Uma umoya uvunguza ngesivinini esiphansi, i-turbine iqala ukujikeleza futhi ikhiqize ugesi. Uhlelo lokubhoboza lulungisa i-engeli ye-blade ukuze "ilume" umoya ngempumelelo futhi ikhiqize i-torque eyanele.
2. Ngaphansi kwendawo yesivinini somoya esilinganiselwe
Uma isivinini somoya sanda kodwa sihlala singaphansi kwesivinini esilinganiselwe, umgomo oyinhloko we-turbine ukwandisa ukubanjwa kwamandla. Iphimbo liyalungiswa ukuze ama-blade asebenze nge-engeli efanele yokuhlasela, okuletha i-power coefficient (Cp) eduze nenani layo eliphakeme. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, uhlelo luvame ukugcina isivinini se-rotor ngaphakathi kwebanga elithile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwejeneretha.
3. Isivinini somoya esilinganisiwe (isivinini esilinganiselwe)
Leli yiphuzu lapho i-turbine ifinyelela khona amandla ayo aphezulu okukhipha umklamo. Ngaphezu kwaleli phuzu, i-turbine akumele iqhubeke nokwandisa amandla ngoba i-generator, i-gearbox (uma ikhona), kanye nesakhiwo semishini kunemingcele.
4. Indawo yokukhawulelwa kwamandla (isivinini somoya esingaphezu kwesilinganiso)
Uma imimoya idlula isivinini esilinganiselwe, uhlelo lokuphonsa lusebenza njenge-"brake ye-aerodynamic." Ama-blade ayajikeleza ukuze anciphise ukuphakama futhi anciphise i-torque, agcine amandla ephuma eduze kwenani elilinganiselwe. Ngale ndlela, i-turbine ihlala isebenza ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokuvala uhlelo.
5. Isivinini sokusika (isivinini sokusebenza sokuma)
Uma umoya unamandla kakhulu noma uvunguza, i-turbine izoma ukuze iphephe. Uhlelo lokubhoboza lujikeleza ama-blade abe "yinsiba" (ngokuhambisana nomoya) ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhudula kwe-aerodynamic, bese uhlelo lokubhuleka luvala i-rotor.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwephimbo
Uhlelo lokuphonsa luqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezisebenza ngendlela ehlanganisiwe:
- Ukuthwala kwephimbo
Ukuthwala okukhulu empandeni ye-blade kuvumela i-blade ukuthi ijikeleze ku-axis yayo. Le ngxenye kumele imelane nemithwalo emikhulu ngoba i-blade ibhekene namandla omoya aqinile futhi aphindaphindwayo.
- I-actuator ye-pitch (i-actuator ye-pitch)
Lona “umsipha” ophendula i-blade. I-actuator ingaba uhlelo lwe-hydraulic noma lukagesi.
- Isilawuli sephimbo
Uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nesofthiwe kunquma ukuthi i-engeli ye-blade kufanele ishintshwe nini futhi ingakanani ngokusekelwe kudatha yesenzwa.
- Izinzwa kanye nezinsimbi
Kufaka phakathi izinzwa zesivinini somoya (i-anemometer), isiqondiso somoya (i-wind vane), ukujikeleza kwe-rotor, i-torque yejeneretha, izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, kanye neminye imininingwane esekela izinqumo zokulawula.
- Izinsiza zokulondoloza
Izinhlelo zokushaya zivame ukuba nebhethri noma i-accumulator ukuze ama-blade akwazi ukujikeleziswa endaweni ephephile ngisho noma ugesi oyinhloko unqanyuliwe.
Izinhlelo zokushaya ugesi vs. i-hydraulic
1. Iphimbo likagesi
Ezinhlelweni zikagesi, i-blade ngayinye ngokuvamile inenjini kagesi (ngokuvamile eyinjini ye-servo) ephendula umshini wegiya noma wokushayela kubheyari yephimbo. Izinzuzo:
- Ukulawula i-engeli okunembe kakhudlwana
– Ukulungisa kuvame ukuba lula kunokusebenzisa i-hydraulic (akukho ukuvuza kwamafutha)
- Ukuhlanganiswa kokulawula kwesimanje kulula kakhulu
Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zikagesi zidinga ukwakheka kukagesi okuthembekile kanye nokuvikelwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (umswakama, umbani, izinga lokushisa).
2. Iphimbo le-hydraulic
Uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lusebenzisa umfutho woketshezi (wamafutha) ukuhambisa amasilinda ajikeleza ama-blade. Izinzuzo:
- Iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amakhulu kanye nezimpendulo ezisheshayo
- Kufanelekela imiklamo ethile edinga i-torque ephezulu yokushayela
Okubi kuhlanganisa ubunzima besistimu yoketshezi, amathuba okuvuza, kanye nesidingo sokunakekelwa okunzulu.
Ukulawulwa kwephimbo kwenza kanjani izinqumo?
Iphimbo alishintshwa ngokungahleliwe. Isilawuli sisebenza ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni zokusebenza ze-turbine, ngokuvamile ezihilela izinto ezimbili: ukugcina isivinini se-rotor kanye nokugcina amandla ejeneretha.
– Ngaphansi kwamandla alinganisiwe: ukulawula kugxile ekusebenzeni kahle. I-engeli ye-blade ilungiswa ukuze ivumele i-rotor ukuthi ifinyelele i-torque ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo.
– Amandla angaphezulu kwesilinganiso: ukulawula kugxile ekukhawuleleni. I-engeli ye-blade "ivulwa" kancane kancane ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhudula kwe-aerodynamic, kugcinwe ukujikeleza namandla engaguquki.
Isilawuli sisebenzisa ama-algorithm okulawula njenge-PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) noma izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (isb., i-adaptive control). Uhlelo luphinde lubhekele ukuxokozela kanye nokuqhuma. Ngesikhathi semicimbi yokuqhuma, iphimbo lingalungiswa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe imithwalo ephezulu ekulimaleni izingxenye.
Iphimbo njengohlelo lokuphepha (ukuphepha okuhlulekile)
Ngaphezu kokwenza ngcono amandla, i-pitch iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokuphepha. Lapho kuvela izimo ezingavamile—njengokushesha ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwejeneretha, ukwehluleka kwegridi yamandla, noma ukudlidliza ngokweqile—i-turbine ingangena kwimodi yokuvala. Kule modi, ama-blade ajikeleziswa endaweni yezimpaphe, indawo enciphisa amandla omoya kuma-blade. Njengoba ama-blade “ehambisana” nokugeleza komoya, i-rotor ilahlekelwa yi-torque futhi yehlise ijubane. Ngemva kwalokho, ukubhuleka komshini kungasetshenziswa ukumisa ukujikeleza ngokuphelele.
Ngenxa yokuthi iphimbo lidlala indima ekuvaleni, izinhlelo zivame ukuklanywa ukuthi zingabi nesidingo: ngezinzwa ezimbili, izindlela zokulawula eziyisipele, kanye nemithombo yamandla ephuthumayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-blade asengajikeleziswa endaweni ephephile noma ngabe kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Umthelela wesistimu yephimbo ekusebenzeni kwe-turbine
Ukuhlelwa kwephimbo okuhle kunikeza izinzuzo zangempela:
1. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okwandisiwe
Ngokugcina ama-blade ekhoneni elifanele ngesikhathi somoya ophakathi, i-turbine ingakhiqiza amandla engeziwe unyaka wonke.
2. Ukunciphisa umthwalo wesakhiwo
Iphithi linciphisa imithwalo ephezulu ngesikhathi somoya onamandla. Lokhu kwandisa impilo yama-blades, i-hub, i-gearbox, kanye nombhoshongo.
3. Ukuzinza kokusebenza kwejeneretha
Ukugcina amandla emazingeni aphansi kugwema ukwanda kwamandla okungalimaza izingxenye zikagesi futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokukhipha.
4. Ukunciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka
Imodi ephephile yokwehluleka ngokusebenzisa ama-feathering isiza ukuvimbela isivinini esikhulu esingaba yingozi.
I-Penutup
Uhlelo lokugoba “luyisiqondisi se-aerodynamic” sama-turbine omoya anamuhla. Ngokulungisa ngenkuthalo i-engeli ye-blade, i-turbine iyazivumelanisa nezinguquko zesivinini somoya, ikhulise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla lapho izimo zivuma futhi inciphise noma ime ngokuphephile lapho imimoya iba namandla kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuthwala, ama-actuator (kagesi noma i-hydraulic), izinzwa eziqondile, kanye nama-algorithms okulawula aqondile kwenza i-pitch ibe enye yezobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile ezivumela ama-turbine omoya ukuthi asebenze kahle, ngokuzinzile, nangokuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo.
Uma ufisa, ngingangeza futhi imifanekiso yomqondo we-pitch angle, izibonelo zezimo zokusebenza (isivinini somoya esilinganiselwe ngezansi nangaphezulu), noma ngihlanganise inguqulo yobuchwepheshe kakhulu yesihloko ene-power coefficient kanye ne-angle yamafomula okuhlasela.
