Iyini i-Reservoir futhi idlala kanjani indima ekukhiqizweni kwamandla?
Idamu lokuchibiyela liyisakhiwo sokwenziwa esisetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi amaningi. Njengoba ngesimo salo sechibi lemvelo, amadamu okuchibiyela enziwa ngamabomu ngezinjongo ezithile njengokunisela, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuphuza, ukulawula izikhukhula, ukuzijabulisa, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Kulesi simo, amadamu okuchibiyela avame ukuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zamandla kagesi (i-PLTA), enye yemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Umlando kanye Nomsebenzi Wezindawo Zokuchitha Amanzi
Amadamu okugcina amanzi abelokhu esetshenziswa abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kusukela empucukweni yasendulo yaseMesopotamiya kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwenkathi yezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi kube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Amadamu okugcina amanzi asuka emifuleni noma emvuleni, abese ekhishwa uma kudingeka, kungaba ukunisela kwezolimo, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile, noma ukukhiqizwa kukagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadamu okugcina amanzi nawo asebenza njengomsebenzi wokulawula izikhukhula. Ngokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi semvula, amadamu okugcina amanzi angavimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi okuvame ukubangela izikhukhula ezindaweni ezingezansi komfula. Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa ingenye inzuzo eyengeziwe yamadamu okugcina amanzi, kanti amaningi asebenza njengezindawo zokuvakasha zamanzi ezikhangayo.
Indlela Izitshalo Zamandla Kagesi Ezisebenza Ngayo
Enye yezindima ezibalulekile zama-reservoirs emkhakheni wamandla iyingxenye yesitshalo samandla kagesi (i-PLTA). Umgomo wesitshalo samandla kagesi kagesi ulula kakhulu kodwa usebenza kahle kakhulu. Amanzi avela echibini akhishwa ngamapayipi noma iziteshi aye kwi-hydro turbine. Ukuhamba kwamanzi esuka endaweni ephakeme aye endaweni ephansi kukhiqiza amandla anele e-kinetic ukuze aphendule i-turbine.
Le turbine ibe isixhunywa kujeneretha, eguqula amandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi. Ngemva kokudlula ku-turbine, amanzi ngokuvamile abuyiselwa emfuleni noma komunye umzila wamanzi, okwenza le nqubo ibe nobungane kakhulu nemvelo. Akukho ukushiswa kukaphethiloli wezinto zasendulo, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwamandla kagesi kuncane kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zezindawo Zokugcina Amanzi Ekukhiqizeni Amandla
Kunezinzuzo eziningana ezenza izindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye nezitshalo zamandla kagesi zibe ukukhetha okuthandwayo ekukhiqizeni amandla:
1. Amandla Avuselelekayo: Amanzi ayimithombo evuselelekayo futhi ngeke aphele uma ephathwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, amandla akhiqizwa ezitsheni avuselelekayo.
2. Okunobungani Nemvelo: Ngokungafani nezitshalo zikagesi ezivamile ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi azikhiqizi ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa noma ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, okwenza zibe ngenye yemithombo yamandla ehlanzekile kakhulu.
3. Izindleko Zokusebenza Eziphansi: Uma ukwakhiwa kokuqala kanye nengqalasizinda yedamu kanye nesitshalo sikagesi samanzi sekuqediwe, izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kwazo ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zikagesi ezivamile.
4. Ukuthembeka Nokuguquguquka: Izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi zingalungiswa kalula ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu sikagesi. Amanzi agcinwe ezindlini zokugcina amanzi angakhishwa uma kudingeka, okwenza kube izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu nezithembekile.
Izinselele kanye nokungalungi
Naphezu kokuba nezinzuzo eziningi, amadamu okugcina amanzi kanye nezitshalo zikagesi zamanzi azikhululekile ezinseleleni eziningana kanye nokungalungi:
1. Imithelela Yemvelo Yendawo: Ukwakhiwa kwamachibi amakhulu kungashintsha kakhulu imvelo yendawo. Amahlathi kanye nezindawo zezolimo zingagcwala amanzi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zezitshalo nezilwane.
2. Imiphumela Yezenhlalo: Ukwakhiwa kwamadamu kuvame ukudinga ukususwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwezakhamuzi endaweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi emiphakathini yendawo, elahlekelwa yimpilo yayo kanye nemizi yayo.
3. Ukuthembela Ezimweni Zesimo Sezulu: Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avela emachibini kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwamanzi. Izinkathi zonyaka ezomile ezinde noma ushintsho olukhulu lwesimo sezulu kungathinta amandla okukhiqiza ugesi.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nobuchwepheshe Obusha
Kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kuyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa izinto ezintsha ezahlukahlukene ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle futhi kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi yamachibi okugcina amanzi kanye nezitshalo zamandla kagesi. Enye into entsha enjalo ukuthuthukiswa kogesi wamanzi ogcina amanzi (i-PSH). I-PSH iyindlela yokwandisa ukuguquguquka kwezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa amachibi amabili ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene.
Ngezikhathi zesidingo sikagesi esiphansi, amanzi avela edamini elingezansi ayapompelwa abuyele edamini elingaphezulu. Bese kuthi, lapho isidingo sikagesi siphezulu, amanzi akhishwe edamini elingaphezulu aye edamini elingezansi nge-turbine, akhiqize ugesi ofana nesitshalo sikagesi esivamile. Lolu hlelo luvumela ukulungiswa okungcono kokuguquguquka kwesidingo sikagesi futhi luphinde lusize ukulinganisela igridi kagesi.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Amadamu kanye Nezitshalo Zikagesi Ezisebenzisa Amanzi e-Indonesia
I-Indonesia, njengesizwe esihlala ezindaweni eziqhelile esinezindawo ezahlukahlukene, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa izindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye namandla okusebenzisa amanzi. Isibonelo esisodwa esiphumelelayo yiCirata Hydroelectric Power Plant eWest Java, esinye sezikhulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia esinamandla angu-1.008 MW. I-Cirata Reservoir ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengomthombo wamandla kodwa futhi njengendawo yokuzijabulisa, indawo yokudoba, kanye nokulawula izikhukhula.
Isikhungo sikagesi samanzi saseCirata sisize ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zikagesi zaseJava, esinye seziqhingi ezinabantu abaningi e-Indonesia. Amaphrojekthi afana neCirata abonisa indlela ukuhlanganiswa kwamachibi kanye nezikhungo zikagesi zamanzi okunganikeza ngayo izinzuzo ezimbili ngenkathi kugcinwa ibhalansi yemvelo kanye nezenhlalo.
I-Penutup
Amadamu okugcina amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komuntu, okuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Njengengxenye yesistimu yamandla kagesi ngamanzi, amadamu okugcina amanzi asiza ekuhlinzekeni ngomthombo wamandla ovuselelekayo, onobungani nemvelo, nothembekile. Kodwa-ke, izinselele kanye nemiphumela emibi kumele futhi kuphathwe ngokuhlakanipha ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ngokuphathwa okufanele nokuhlela ngokucophelela, amadamu okugcina amanzi angaba yisisombululo esiphumelelayo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nenhlalakahle yemiphakathi yasendaweni. Lokhu kwenza amadamu okugcina amanzi abe yingxenye ebalulekile yamasu okuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokukhiqiza amandla esikhathini esizayo.
