Umsebenzi owenziwe ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic - izinkinga nezixazululo

Umsebenzi owenziwe ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Igesi efanelekile icindezelwa kusukela esimweni 1 kuya esimweni 2 njengoba kuboniswe kugrafu engezansi. Thola umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi.

Isixazululo

Ilitha eli-1 = 0.001 m 3

Kwaziwa:Umsebenzi owenziwe ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic - izinkinga nezixazululo 1

Ingcindezi 1 (P 1 ) = 10 kPa = 10,000 Pa = 10,000 N/m 2

Ingcindezi 2 (P 2 ) = 20 kPa = 20,000 Pa = 20,000 N/m 2

Umqulu 1 (V)1) = 4 amalitha = 4 (0.001 m3= 0.004m3

Umqulu 2 (V)2) = 10 amalitha = 10 (0.001 m3= 0.010m3

Kufunwa: Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi (W)

Isixazululo:

W = P (V 2 – V 1 ) + 1/2 (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )

W = 10,000 (0.010-0.004) + 1/2 (20,000-10,000) (0.010-0.004)

W = 10,000 (0.006) + 1/2 (10,000) (0.006)

W = 10 (6) + 1/2 (10) (6)

W = 60 + 1/2 (60)

W = 60 + 30

W = 90 Joule

2. Nquma umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni ye-abcda, njengoba kuboniswe kugrafu engezansi.

Kwaziwa:

Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 1 x 105 Pa = 1 x 105 N / m2Umsebenzi owenziwe ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic - izinkinga nezixazululo 2

Ingcindezi 2 (P 2 ) = 3 x 10 5 Pa = 3 x 10 5 N/m 2

Umqulu 1 (V 1 ) = 2 m 3

Umqulu 2 (V 2 ) = 4 m 3

Okufunwayo: Umsebenzi (W)

Isixazululo:

Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi = indawo ye-abcd engunxande.

W = (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )

W = (3 x 10 5 – 1 x 10 5 )(4 – 2)

W = (2 x 10 5 )(2)

W = 4 x 105 amaJoules

W = 400,000 Joule

W = 400 kJ

3. Nquma umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi enqubweni i-ABCA.

Kwaziwa:

Ingcindezi 1 (P)1) = 1 N/m2Umsebenzi owenziwe ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic - izinkinga nezixazululo 3

Ingcindezi 2 (P)2) = 7 N/m2

Umqulu 1 (V 1 ) = 1 m 3

Umqulu 2 (V 2 ) = 5 m 3

Okufunwayo: Umsebenzi (W)

Isixazululo:

Umsebenzi owenziwe yigesi = indawo kanxantathu i-ABC

Bhekafuthi  Umthetho kaBoyle (izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo) - izinkinga nezixazululo

W = ½ (P 2 – P 1 )(V 2 – V 1 )

W = ½ (7-1)(5-1)

W = ½ (6)(4)

W = ½ (24)

W = 12 Joule

  1. Iyini incazelo yomsebenzi ku-thermodynamics?
    • Impendulo: Ku-thermodynamics, umsebenzi uchazwa njengokudluliselwa kwamandla ohlelweni noma okuvela kulo okungabangelwa umehluko wokushisa phakathi kohlelo nendawo oluzungezile.
  2. Umsebenzi uhlobene kanjani nomdwebo we-pressure-volume (PV) wenqubo ye-thermodynamic?
    • Impendulo: Kumdwebo we-PV, umsebenzi owenziwa yisistimu noma ohlelweni ngesikhathi senqubo umelelwa yindawo engaphansi kwejika lenqubo. Ezinqubweni ezihilela amagesi, umsebenzi uvame ukunikezwa yi-integral ye-P dV, lapho i-P iyingcindezi kanti i-dV iyishintsho lomehluko kuvolumu.
  3. Yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-isochoric?
    • Impendulo: Inqubo ye-isochoric yenzeka ngevolumu engaguquki. Njengoba kungekho ushintsho lwevolumu, umsebenzi owenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo ye-isochoric ungu-zero.
  4. Umsebenzi owenziwa ekunwetshweni kwe-isobaric (ingcindezi eqhubekayo) uhluke kanjani kulowo okwenziwa ekunwetshweni kwegesi efanelekile nge-isothermal (izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo)?
    • Impendulo: Ekunwetshweni kwe-isobaric, umsebenzi ubalwa njengo , lapho u-P engukucindezela okungaguquki kanye ushintsho kuvolumu. Ukuze kukhuliswe igesi efanelekile ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, umsebenzi ungabalwa kusetshenziswa i-equation , lapho u-n kuyinombolo yama-moles, u-R uyi-gesi engaguquki yonke, futhi futhi yizincwadi zokugcina kanye nezasekuqaleni, ngokulandelana.
  5. Uyini ukubaluleka komthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics maqondana nomsebenzi namandla?
    • Impendulo: Umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics uthi ushintsho emandleni angaphakathi esistimu lulingana nokushisa okwengezwe ohlelweni ngaphandle komsebenzi owenziwe uhlelo ezindaweni ezizungezile. Lumelela isimiso sokulondolozwa kwamandla.
  6. Ukuze uthole inqubo ejikelezayo kumdwebo we-PV, indawo evalekile imelelani?
    • Impendulo: Ngenqubo ejikelezayo kumdwebo we-PV, indawo evalekile imelela umsebenzi wenethi owenziwe yisistimu noma ohlelweni ngesikhathi somjikelezo owodwa.
  7. Umsebenzi owenziwa enqubweni ye-adiabatic uhluke kanjani enqubweni ye-isothermal yegesi efanelekile?
    • Impendulo: Enqubweni ye-adiabatic, akukho ukushintshana kokushisa nendawo ezungezile, ngakho-ke umsebenzi owenziwayo uholela ekushintsheni kwamandla angaphakathi egesi. Enqubweni ye-isothermal, izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaguquki, futhi noma yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwayo ulinganiswa ngokudluliselwa kokushisa okulinganayo, ngakho-ke akukho shintsho emandleni angaphakathi.
  8. Kungani umsebenzi owenziwa enkambisweni engaguquki ungahluka enkambisweni engaguquki ngisho noma izimo zokuqala nezokugcina zifana?
    • Impendulo: Enqubweni eguqukayo, isimo ngasinye esiphakathi kwezimo zokuqala nezokugcina silingana. Enqubweni engenakulungiseka, akunjalo. Izindlela ezithathwe kumdwebo we-PV, kanye nomsebenzi owenziwe, zingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinqubo, noma ngabe ziqala futhi ziphela ngamaphuzu afanayo.
  9. Ukuba khona kokuziphatha kwegesi okungeyona into efanelekile (yangempela) kuthinta kanjani izibalo zomsebenzi ezinqubweni ze-thermodynamic?
    • Impendulo: Kumagesi angempela, ukuphambuka ekuziphatheni okuhle kungaholela ekwehlukeni ekubalweni komsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-Van der Waals equation noma amanye amamodeli egesi angempela kungadingeka ukuthi asetshenziswe ukuze kubhekwe lokhu kuphambuka.
  10. Kusho ukuthini uma umsebenzi owenziwe ohlelweni ungemuhle?
  • Impendulo: Uma umsebenzi owenziwe ohlelweni ungemuhle, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nokwanda kwegesi ngokumelene nengcindezi yangaphandle.
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