I-physics

1. Kuyini ukusheshisa okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi ebusweni beNyanga? Isisindo seNyanga = 7.35 x 10 ²² kg, irediyasi yeNyanga ingu- 1.7 x 10 ⁶ m, i-universal constant ingu- 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Isixazululo

Ifomula yomthetho wesibili wokunyakaza kaNewton :

Ifomula yomthetho kaNewton wamandla adonsela phansi omhlaba wonke :

G = okungaguquki okujwayelekile, M = isisindo soMhlaba, m = isisindo sento, r = ibanga eliphakathi kwesikhungo soMhlaba nento. Uma into isendaweni yoMhlaba, r = irediyasi yoMhlaba

Faka u-F esilinganisweni 1 no-F esilinganisweni 2:

Kuyini ukusheshisa okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi ebusweni beNyanga?

2. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi ebusweni boMhlaba kungu-g. Ku-R (R ubuso boMhlaba), ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kungu-…

Isixazululo

R = Irediyasi yoMhlaba. Ku-R ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba = ku-2R ngaphezu kwesikhungo soMhlaba.

Ku-R ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba, ukusheshisa okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi = ¼ g. Uma g = 9.8 m/s ² , ku -R ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba, ukusheshisa okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi = 2.45 m/s ².

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1. Umthetho kaNewton wezinkinga zamandla adonsela phansi kanye nezixazululo
2. Amandla adonsela phansi, izinkinga zesisindo, kanye nezixazululo
3. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yezinkinga zamandla adonsela phansi kanye nezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesathelayithi ze-geosynchronous kanye nezixazululo
5. Izinkinga zomthetho kaKepler kanye nezixazululo izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

5 Amandla adonsela phansi Isisindo - Izinkinga Nezixazululo

1. Iyini amandla adonsela phansi asebenza entweni ebusweni boMhlaba? Isisindo somhlaba = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, isisindo sento = 1000 kg, irediyasi yoMhlaba ingu-6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo somhlaba (m _E ) = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg

Isisindo sento (mo ₎ = 1000 kg

Irediyasi yoMhlaba (r _E ) = 6.38 x 10 ⁶ m

I-Universal constant (G) = 6.67 x 10 ^-11 N m ² / kg ²

Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 9.8 m/s ²

Okufunwayo: Amandla Adonsela Phansi

Isixazululo:

w = isisindo, F = amandla, G = okungaguquki kwendawo yonke, m _E = isisindo soMhlaba , m _o = isisindo sento , r = ibanga eliphakathi kwesikhungo soMhlaba nento.

Into iphezu koMhlaba, ngakho-ke i-r = i -radius yoMhlaba

Isisindo sento ( umthetho wesibili wokunyakaza kaNewton ):

w = mg

w = (1000 kg)(9.8 m/s ² )

w = 9800 N

2. Yimaphi amandla adonsela phansi asebenza entweni engamamitha ayi-10,000 ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba? Isisindo somhlaba = 5.98 x 10 ²⁴ kg, isisindo sento = 1000 kg, irediyasi yoMhlaba ingu-6.38 x 10 ⁶ m.

Isixazululo:

3. Isisindo sendizamkhathi singu-w. Uma u-D = ububanzi boMhlaba, thola isisindo sendizamkhathi uma indizamkhathi ikuma-2D ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba.

Kwaziwa:

D = Ububanzi bomhlaba,

R = irediyasi yoMhlaba

1 D = 2 R, 2 D = 4 R

Okufunwayo: isisindo sendizamkhathi ku-2D ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba?

Isixazululo:

4. Isilinganiso sobuningi beplanethi u-A kanye neplanethi u-B singu-2:3, kanti isilinganiso serediyasi yeplanethi u-A kanye neplanethi u-B singu-1:2. Uma isisindo sento eplanethi u-A singu-w, siyini isisindo sento eplanethi u-B.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo seplanethi A (m _A ) = 2

Isisindo seplanethi B (m _B ) = 3

Irediyasi yeplanethi A (r _A ) = 1

Irediyasi yeplanethi B (r _B ) = 2

Isisindo sento = m

Isisindo sento eplanethini A = w

Okufunwayo: Isisindo sento eplanethi B

Isixazululo:

Isibalo samandla esisindo esivela emthethweni kaNewton wamandla adonsela phansi:

w = isisindo, G = okungaguquki kwamandla adonsela phansi, M = isisindo seplanethi, m = isisindo sento, r = ibanga phakathi kwento neplanethi. Uma into ephezu kweplanethi ingaphezulu, r = irediyasi yeplanethi.

Isisindo sento eplanethi A:

Isisindo sento eplanethi B:

Ubunzima bento buyafana ngakho-ke esikhundleni sika-m kufakwe u-w/2G.

5. Irokhethi enesisindo esingu-w ikhishwa iqonde phezulu isuka ebusweni boMhlaba. U-D ububanzi boMhlaba. Uma irokhethi liphakeme ngo-0.5 D ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba, khona-ke isisindo serokhethi siyini.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo serokhethi = w

Irediyasi yoMhlaba = ibanga ukusuka enkabeni yoMhlaba = R

Ububanzi boMhlaba = D = 2R

Okufunwayo: Isisindo serokhethi lapho irokhethi liphakeme ngama-0.5 D ngaphezu kobuso boMhlaba.

Isixazululo:

0.5 D = 0.5 (2R) = R

Ibanga lerokhethi ukusuka enkabeni yoMhlaba = irediyasi yoMhlaba + irediyasi yerokhethi ukusuka ebusweni boMhlaba = R + R = 2R

Isisindo amandla adonsela phansi asebenza entweni. Amandla adonsela phansi (F) alingana ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga elivela enkabeni yomhlaba (R) ukuze isisindo silingane ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga.

1. Umthetho kaNewton wezinkinga zamandla adonsela phansi kanye nezixazululo
2. Amandla adonsela phansi, izinkinga zesisindo, kanye nezixazululo
3. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yezinkinga zamandla adonsela phansi kanye nezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesathelayithi ze-geosynchronous kanye nezixazululo
5. Izinkinga zomthetho kaKepler kanye nezixazululo izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungama-400 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi yeso bungama-20 cm. Uma iso likhululekile , thola:

a) Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu (M)

b) ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe ( d _ob '),

c) ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi _yeso ( doc ₎

d) ibanga phakathi kwamalensi

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) = 400 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso ( _foc ) ₌ 20 cm

Iso likhululekile ukuze isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe sibe seqophelweni eliqondile lelensi eqondiwe kanye neqophelo lokuqala lelensi yeso.

Isixazululo:

a) Ukukhulisa okuphelele (M)

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

M = 400 cm / 20 cm = 20 X

Isithombe sibonakala ngeso lengqondo futhi siguquliwe.

b) Ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondile ( d _ob ')

Uma iso likhululekile, ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondile ( d _ob ') = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile ( f _ob ) = 400 cm = 4 m.

c) _Ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka ku-lens _yeso ( doc )

Uma iso likhululekile, ibanga lesithombe sangempela kanye nelensi yeso (s _{o c} ) = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _oc ) = 20 cm = 0.2 m.

d) Ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi

Ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi = ubude betheleskopu (l) = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) + ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _oc ) = 400 cm + 20 cm = 420 cm.

2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondile nelensi yeso lingama-20 cm . Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwetheleskopu lapho iso likhululekile kungama-40X. Bala ubude belensi eqondile yeso (fo _{c )} kanye nobude belensi eqondile (f _ob )

Kwaziwa:

ubude betheleskopu (l) = 20 cm

ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu (M) = 40

Isixazululo:

Uma iso likhululekile, ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _oc ) + ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) = ubude beteleskopu (l)

fo _{o c} + f _ob = l

f _ob = l – _{fo c}

f _ob = 20 – fo _{c —–} > isibalo 1

Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwethelesikopu (M):

M = f _ob / _{fo c}

f _ob = M _{fo c}

f _ob = 40 fo _{c —–} > isibalo 2

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso :

Faka u- f _ob esilinganisweni 1 no- f _ob esilinganisweni 2:

f _ob = 20 – _{fo c}

40 fo _{c =} 20 – _{fo c}

40 fo _{c +} fo _{c =} 20

41 fo _{c =} 20

fo _{c =} 20 cm / 41

fo _{c =} 0.5 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso = 0.5 cm.

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe :

f _ob = 20 – f _oc

f _ob = 20 – 0.5

f _ob = 19.5 cm

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1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-2 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi belensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi eqondiwe lingu-30 cm. Thola ukukhuliswa okuphelele kanye nebanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe uma iso likhululekile.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) = 2 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _oc ) = 5 cm

Ibanga phakathi kwamalensi (l) = 30 cm

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Isixazululo:

(a) ukukhuliswa okuphelele

Ifomula yokukhulisa okuphelele:

M = m _ob M _oc

M = ukukhulisa okuphelele, m _ob = ukukhulisa ilensi eqondiwe, M _oc = ukukhulisa i-ocular angular

Ukukhulisa ilensi eqondile lapho iso likhululekile (m _ob ):

Ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 30 cm – 5 cm = 25 cm

Ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi yenhloso (d _ob ):

Ilensi eqondiwe iyilensi ehlanganayo ngakho ubude be-focal bunophawu lwe-plus.

Ibanga lesithombe linophawu lokuhlanganisa ngoba isithombe singokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwelensi eqondile :

Ukukhulisa i-engela yamehlo lapho iso likhululekile (M _ok ):

I- M _oc = N / f _oc = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5X

Ukwandiswa okuphelele:

M = m _ob M _oc = (12.5)(5) = 62.5X

(b) Ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile (d _ob )

Ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe lingama-2 cm.

2. I-microscope ine-5X objective kanye ne-20X ocular. Ibanga phakathi kwamalensi lingu-15 cm. (a) Thola ukukhuliswa okuphelele uma iso likhululekile (b) thola ubude be-focal lens ye-ocular (c) ubude be-focal lens ye-objective

Kwaziwa:

Ukwandiswa kwelensi eqondiwe (m _ob ) = 5X

Ukwandiswa kwelensi yeso ( _Moc ) = 20X

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Ibanga phakathi kwamalensi (l) = 15 cm

Isixazululo:

(a) Ukukhulisa okuphelele (M)

M = m _ob M _oc

M = (5)(20) = 100X

(b) Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _oc )

Ifomula yokukhulisa i-angular yelensi yeso (i-M _oc ) lapho iso likhululekile:

I- M _oc = N / f _oc

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso:

f _oc = N / M _oc = 25 cm / 20 = 1.25 cm

(c) ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob )

Ifomula yokukhulisa ilensi eqondiwe lapho iso likhululekile:

Ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (d _ob '):

d _ob ' = l – f _oc = 15 cm – 1.25 cm = 13.75 cm

Ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi yenhloso (d _ob ):

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ):

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe = 2.29 cm

3. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-0.9 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-2.5 cm. I-microscope isetshenziswa yiso elivamile ngaphandle kokufakwa futhi ukukhulisa okuphelele kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-90. Thola ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe. N = 25 cm.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) = 0.9 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _ok ) = 2,5 cm

Ukukhulisa okuphelele (M) = izikhathi ezingu-90

Iphuzu eliseduze leso elijwayelekile (N) = 25 cm

Indawo yokuhlala kweso incane kakhulu.

Okufunwayo: Ibanga eliphakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob )

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sokukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular lapho indawo yokuhlala incane:

Bala ibanga lento mayelana nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob ) usebenzisa i-equation yobudlelwano phakathi kobude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ), ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob ) kanye nebanga phakathi kwesithombe kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob '):

4. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe buyi-1.8 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe buyi-6 cm. I-microscope isetshenziswa yiso elivamile ngaphandle kokufakwa, ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi eqondiwe liyi-24 cm. Nquma ibanga lento kusukela kulensi eqondiwe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ) = 1.8 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _ok ) = 6 cm

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso = ubude be-microscope (l) = 24 cm

Indawo yokuhlala incane kakhulu.

Okufunwayo: Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi yokuqondisa (s _ob )

Isixazululo:

Uma indawo yokuhlala incane, ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sokugcina kanye nelensi yeso lihlala lingapheli, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso (l) = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f _ok ) + ibanga eliphakathi kwesithombe kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob ').

s _ob ' = l – f _kulungile = 24 cm – 6 cm = 18 cm

Bala ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob ) usebenzisa i-equation yobudlelwano phakathi kobude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ), ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob ) kanye nebanga phakathi kwesithombe kanye nelensi eqondiwe (s _ob '):

Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe lingama-2 cm.

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1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Into ephakeme engu-2 mm ibekwa ku-10 cm ukusuka engilazini yokukhulisa . Iphuzu eliseduze no-N = 25 cm. Thola ukukhuliswa kwe-angular kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 2 mm

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Ibanga lento (do _o ) = 10 cm

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa i-Angular (M) kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe (h _i )

Isixazululo:

M = N / s

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5

Ukuphakama kwesithombe = 2.5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.

2. Ilensi yobude obuqondile obungu-25 cm isetshenziswa njengengilazi yokukhulisa. Thola (a) ukukhulisa okuqondile lapho iso ligxile endaweni yalo eseduze N = 25 cm (b) ukukhulisa okuqondile lapho iso likhululekile.

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Ubude obuqondile bengilazi ekhulisayo (f) = 25 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi ilensi ilensi ehlanganayo.

Isixazululo:

(a) ukukhulisa okune-angular lapho iso ligxile endaweni yalo eseduze N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1

M = 1 + 1

M = 2 X

Uma ukuphakama kwento kungu-1 cm, ukuphakama kwesithombe kungu-2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.

(b) ukukhulisa i-angular lapho iso likhululekile

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 25 cm)

M = 1 X

Uma ukuphakama kwento kungu-1 cm, ukuphakama kwesithombe kungu-1 x 1 cm = 1 cm.

3. Into ephakeme engu-1 cm ibekwa phambi kwelensi yobude obuqondile engu-10 cm. Nquma (a) ukuphakama kwesithombe lapho iso ligxile endaweni yalo eseduze N = 25 cm (b) Ukuphakama kwesithombe lapho iso likhululekile.

Kwaziwa:

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 1 cm

Ubude obuqondile (f) = 10 cm

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Isixazululo:

(a) Ukuphakama kwesithombe lapho iso ligxile endaweni yalo eseduze N = 25 cm

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1

M = 2.5 + 1

M = 3.5 X

Uma ukuphakama kwento kungu-1 cm, ukuphakama kwesithombe kungu-3.5 x 1 cm = 3.5 cm.

(b) Ukuphakama kwesithombe lapho iso likhululekile.

M = N/f

M = 25 cm / 10 cm

M = 2.5 X

Uma ukuphakama kwento kungu-1 cm, ukuphakama kwesithombe kungu-2.5 x 1 cm = 2.5 cm.

4. Ukukhulisa okune-engela lapho iso likhululekile = 5X. Uma kuseduze nephuzu = 25 cm, buyini ubude obuqondile bengilazi yokukhulisa?

Kwaziwa:

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 2 mm

Ukukhulisa i-Angular (M) = 5X

Iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm

Okufunwayo: Ubude obugxile

Isixazululo:

Ifomula yokukhulisa i-angular lapho iso likhululekile:

M = N/f

5 = 25 cm / f

f = 25 cm / 5

f = 5 cm

Ubude obuqondile bengilazi yokukhulisa = 5 cm.

5. Into ibonwa ngumuntu onengilazi yokukhulisa enobude obuqondile obungu-15 cm. Uma indawo eseduze kwamehlo omuntu = 30 cm, khona-ke nquma ukuthi ingilazi yokukhulisa iyonke ingakanani.

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile (N) = 30 cm

Ubude obuqondile bengilazi ekhulisayo (f) = 15 cm (kanye nophawu lokuthi ingilazi iyahlangana)

Okufunwayo: ukukhuliswa okuphezulu kakhulu

Isixazululo:

Ukukhulisa okuphezulu kwenzeka lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhulisa okune-angular kwengilazi yokukhulisa kwenzeka lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu:

M = (N/f) + 1

M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1

M = 2 + 1

M = izikhathi ezi-3

6. Ingilazi yokukhulisa enegunya lokukhanya elingama-dioptha angu-20 esetshenziswa ngumuntu onamehlo ajwayelekile angama-25 cm. Uma indawo incane, nquma ukuthi ingakanani i-magnification.

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu eliseduze neso elivamile (N) = 25 cm

Amandla engilazi yokukhulisa (P) = ama-diopters angu-20

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa okuncane

Isixazululo:

Ubude obuqondile bengilazi yokukhulisa:

P = 1/f

20 = 1/f

f = 1/20

f = amamitha angu-0.05

f = 5 cm

Ukwandiswa kwe-angular lapho indawo yokuhlala incane:

M = N / f

M = (25 cm / 5 cm)

M = izikhathi ezi-5

[wpdm_package id='872′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Amandla ngelensi yengilazi yeso angama-Diopters angu-2. Ibanga eliphakathi kweso nengilazi yeso lingu -2 cm.

(a) Ingilazi yeso inelensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanayo?

(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal belensi?

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude? Uma libona kude, lizoba yini iphuzu elikude?

Kwaziwa:

Amandla e-lens (P) = -2 Diopters

Isixazululo:

(a) Ilensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanisayo

Uphawu oluncane lwamandla elensi lubonisa ukuthi ilensi yokuxhumana ilensi ehlukanisiwe.

(b) Ubude bokugxila

P = 1/f

-2 = 1/f

f = 1/-2 = -0.5 m = -50 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlukanayo buyi- 50 cm.

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/50 – 1/~ = -1/50 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/50

d _i = 50 cm

Ibanga lesithombe lingu- 5 0 cm + 2 cm = 52 cm . U-52 cm uyiphuzu elikude leso elibona kude. Eso elivamile, iphuzu elikude alinamkhawulo.

2. Amandla ngelensi yengilazi angama-4 Diopters. Ibanga phakathi kweliso nengilazi lingama-2 cm.

(a) Ingilazi yeso inelensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanayo?

(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal belensi?

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude ? Uma libona eduze, lizoba yini iphuzu eliseduze?

Kwaziwa:

Amandla e-lens (P) = 4 Diopters

Isixazululo:

(a) Ilensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanisayo

Isibonakaliso esihle samandla elensi sibonisa ukuthi ilensi yokuxhumana ilensi ehlanganayo.

(b) Ubude bokugxila

P = 1/f

4 = 1/f

f = 1/4 = 0.25 m = 25 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlanganayo bungama- 25 cm.

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ di ₌ 1/25 – 1/23 = 23/575 – 25/575 = -2/575

– d _i = 575/-2 = -287.5 cm = -2.875 m ama-eter

d _i = 287.5 cm = 2.875 amamitha s

Ibanga lesithombe lingu- 287.5 cm + 2 cm = 289.5 cm . 289.5 cm yindawo eseduze kweso elibonakalayo . Esweni elivamile, indawo eseduze ingu- 25 cm.

3. Iso linephuzu eliseduze elingu-16 cm kanye nephuzu elikude elingu-80 cm. Uma esebenzisa izibuko, angabona izinto ezikude ngokucacile. Esebenzisa izibuko, ibanga lento eseduze kakhulu elingabonakala ngokucacile….

A. 13 1/3 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 36 cm

D. 48 1/3 cm

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu elikude lomuntu lingu-80 cm, ngakho-ke, kuphethwa ngokuthi umuntu uhlushwa ukubona eduze. Ukubona eduze okubangelwa ilensi yeso kugobile kakhulu kunalokho okufanele kube yikho esweni elivamile ngakho ubude obuqondile belensi yeso buyancishiswa. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela endaweni engapheli (ekude) kungagxili ku-retina kodwa kugxile ngaphambili kwe-retina.

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lento eseduze kakhulu elingabonakala kahle usebenzisa izibuko

Isixazululo:

Iphuzu lomuntu elikude lingu-80 cm. Ilensi yengilazi kufanele ikhiqize isithombe ebangeni elingama-80 cm phambi kwayo. Isithombe siphambi kwamehlo kanye nelensi yengilazi ukuze isithombe sibe ngokoqobo futhi siqonde. Ngakho ibanga lesithombe (d') = -80 cm. Uma umuntu egqoke ingilazi, angabona izinto ezikude kakhulu ngokucacile. Ngakho ibanga lento (d) = iphuzu elikude leso elivamile = okungapheli = ~.

Ubude be-focal lens yeso:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)

1/f = 0 – 1/80

1/f = – 1/80

f = – 80/1

f = – 80 cm

Ubude be-focal obusayinwe njenge-negative busho ukuthi ilensi yengilazi yamehlo esetshenzisiwe ilensi egobile noma ilensi ehlukanisiwe.

Uma umuntu esebenzisa ilensi efanayo yengilazi yeso, khona-ke iseduze kangakanani into eseduze engabonakala kahle? Ubude be-focal yelensi (f) = -80 cm. Ilensi kufanele ikhiqize isithombe ebangeni elingama-16 cm phambi kweso kanye nelensi, ukuze isithombe sibe yi-virtual futhi sisayinwe njenge-negative. Ngakho ibanga lesithombe (d') = -16 cm.

1 / d = 1 / f – 1 / d' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80

d = 80/4 = 20 cm.

Into eseduze kakhulu ingabonakala ngokucacile ingu-20 cm.

Impendulo efanele ngu-B.

4. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sibalo, kungaphethwa ngokuthi…

Isixazululo:

Iso elibona kude	Iso elibona kude + ilensi ehlanganayo

Ilensi ehlanganayo = ilensi eqondile = ilensi enhle

Impendulo efanele ngu-B.

5. Iphuzu eliseduze lomuntu ohlushwa yi-hypermetropy lingama-2 m. Ukuze abone umuntu onamehlo ajwayelekile, umuntu udinga ukusebenzisa izibuko zamehlo…

A. -1.5 Diopters

B. -2.5 Diopters

C. +3.5 Diopters

D. +4.5 Diopters

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu eliseduze labantu abahlushwa yi-hypermetropy (ukubona kude) = amamitha amabili

Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile = 25 cm = 0.25 amamitha

Okufunwayo: Amandla ezibuko zelensi

Isixazululo:

Ilensi kufanele ikhiqize isithombe ebangeni elingamamitha amabili phambi kweso ukuze isithombe sibe yi-virtual futhi sisayinwe singesihle. Ngakho ibanga lesithombe (d') = – amamitha amabili.

Ukuze ubone njengomuntu oneso elivamile, ibanga lento (d) = indawo eseduze neso elivamile = 25 cm = 0.25 amamitha.

Ubude obuqondile belensi yengilazi yamehlo:

1/f = 1/d + 1/d'

1/f = 1/0.25 + (-1/2) = 1/0.25 – 1/2 = 8/2 – 1/2 = 7/2

f = 2/7

Ubude be-focal obusayinwe njenge-positive busho ukuthi ilensi yengilazi esetshenzisiwe iyilensi e-positive noma ilensi e-convex noma ilensi ehlanganayo.

Amandla ngelensi:

P = 1 / f = 1: 2/7 = 1 x 7/2 = 7/2 = +3.5 Diopters

Impendulo efanele ithi C.

[wpdm_package id='870′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Amandla e- contact lens angama -5 Diopt ers.

(a) Ilensi yokuxhumana iyilensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanisayo?

(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal lens yokuxhumana?

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude ? Uma kuyiso elibona eduze, lizoba yini iphuzu eliseduze?

Kwaziwa:

Amandla ngelensi (P) = -5 D

Isixazululo:

(a) Ilensi eguqukayo noma ilensi eshintshashintshayo?

Uphawu oluncane lwamandla elensi lubonisa ukuthi ilensi yokuxhumana ilensi ehlukanisiwe.

(b) Ubude be-focal?

P = 1/f

-5 = 1/f

f = 1/-5 = -0.2 m = -20 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlukanayo bungama- 20 cm.

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude?

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

-1/ d _i = -1/20 – 1/~ = -1/20 – 0

-1/ d _i = -1/20

d _i = 20 cm

Ibanga lesithombe lingu-20 cm. U-20 cm uyindawo ekude yeso elibona kude. Eso elivamile, indawo ekude ayipheli.

2. Amandla e-contact lens angama- 1.5 Diopters.

(a) Ilensi yokuxhumana iyilensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ehlukanisayo?

(b) Bungakanani ubude be-focal lens yokuxhumana?

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude? Uma kuyiso elibona kude, lizoba yini iphuzu elikude?

Kwaziwa:

Amandla e-lens (P) = 1.5 Diopters

Isixazululo:

(a) ilensi ehlanganayo noma ilensi ephambukayo

Isibonakaliso esihle samandla elensi sibonisa ukuthi ilensi yokuxhumana ilensi ehlanganayo.

(b) Ubude bokugxila

P = 1/f

1.5 = 1/f

f = 1/ 1.5 = 0.67 m = 67 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlanganayo bungama- 67 cm.

(c) Iso elibona eduze noma iso elibona kude

-1/ di _i = 1/f – 1/ do _o

_-1 / di = 1/67 – 1/25 = 25/1675 – 67/1675 = -42/1675

– d _i = -1675/42 = -40 cm = -0.40 m

d _i = 40 cm

Ibanga lesithombe lingu -40 cm. U-20 cm useduze nephuzu leso elibona kude. Eso elivamile, iphuzu eliseduze lingu-25 cm.

[wpdm_package id='868′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Iso elivamile linephuzu elikude kakhulu elingenamkhawulo. Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso bungu-2.5 cm. Thola (a) ibanga lesithombe (b) amandla elensi.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude be-focal lens yeso (f) = ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cornea ne-retina = +2.5 cm ( Isibonakaliso se-plus sibonisa ilensi ehlanganayo ).

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = okungapheli

Okufunwayo : ibanga lesithombe ( di _i )

Isixazululo:

(a) ibanga lesithombe

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

f = ubude bokugxila , do _o = ibanga lento , d _i = ibanga lesithombe

1/ di ₌ 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1 / 2.5 – 1 / ~ = 1 / 2.5 – 0

1/ d _i = 1 / 2.5

d _i = 2.5 cm = 0.025 amamitha

Uma ibanga lento lingapheli, ibanga lesithombe (d _i ) = ubude obuqondile (f)

(b) amandla elensi

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.025 m = 40 Ku- opters

2. Iso elivamile linephuzu eliseduze kwama-25 cm. Ibanga lesithombe lifana nebanga eliphakathi kwe-cornea ne-retina = 2.5 cm. Thola (a) ubude be-focal (b) amandla e-lens

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 25 cm

Ibanga lesithombe ( di ₎ = 2.5 cm

Isixazululo:

(a) ubude bokugxila (f)

1/f = 1/ do _o + 1/ di _i

1/f = 1/25 + 1/2,5 = 1/25 + 10/25 = 11/25

f = 2.27 cm = 0.0227 m

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ilensi ehlanganayo.

(b) amandla elensi (P)

P = 1/f = 1/ 0.0227 = 44 Kuma -opters

3. Enye yamathuluzi okukhanya amehlo abantu . Thola izakhiwo zesithombe esikhiqizwa amehlo abantu…

A. Okungokoqobo, okuqondile

B. Okungokoqobo, okuguquliwe

C. Okubonakalayo, okuqondile

D. Okubonakalayo, okuguquliwe

Isixazululo

Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile lingu-25 cm. Iphuzu eliseduze yiphuzu eliseduze neso lapho into igxile khona ngokunembile ku-retina lapho itholakala khona ngokugcwele. Ububanzi beliso lomuntu buncane kuno-25 cm ngakho-ke ubude be-focal lens yeso nabo buncane kuno-25 cm. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lento (d) kumele libe likhulu kunobude be-focal lens yeso (f).

Ilensi yeso ilensi egobile. Ngakho-ke isithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso sinezakhiwo ezifanayo nesithombe esakhiwe yilensi egobile. Izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso lapho ibanga lento (ama) likhulu kunobude obuqondile (f):

yangempela, eguquliwe, encane

Isithombe kufanele sigxile ku-retina ngoba i-retina iguqula amaza okukhanya abe izimpawu zikagesi ezidluliselwa ebuchosheni. Nakuba isithombe siguquliwe, ubuchopho bomuntu busiphendula siqonde phezulu ukuze izinto ezibonwa yiso ziqonde phezulu.

Uma ubona umuthi ukude, umuthi ubukeka umncane kunosayizi wawo wangempela. Lokhu kuhambisana nezimpawu zesithombe esincishisiwe.

Impendulo eyiyo ngu-A.

4. Iso lingabona into uma isithombe sigxile ku-retina lapho izakhiwo zesithombe…

A. Okubonakalayo, okuqondile, okukhulu

B. Okubonakalayo, okuguquliwe, okuncane

C. Okungokoqobo, okuguquliwe, okuncane

D. Okungokoqobo, okuqondile, okuncane

Isixazululo
– Ilensi yeso ilensi egobile, ngakho-ke, izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso zifana nezakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yilensi egobile.

– Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile noma ibanga eliseduze kakhulu elingabonakala ngokucacile ngamehlo lingu-25 cm. Amabhola amehlo mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi i-radius yokugoba kanye nobude obuqondile belensi yeso kuncane kuno-25 cm. Ngakho-ke kungaphethwa ngokuthi ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile.

– Uma ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile, khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yiso lomuntu ku-retina zingokoqobo, ziphendukezelwe, futhi zincane. Nakuba isithombe siphendukezelwe, ubuchopho buyasiphendula siqonde phezulu njengoba sibona.

Impendulo efanele ithi C.

[wpdm_package id='866′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Into ephakeme engamasentimitha angu-5 ibekwa ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-5 ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obuyisentimitha ezingu -15 . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = 15 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 5 cm

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 5 cm

Okufunwayo : ibanga lesithombe , ukukhuliswa kwesithombe , ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlanganayo :

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = _-2/15

d _i = -15/2 = -7.5 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma imisebe ayidluli esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-7.5)/5 = 7.5/5 = 1.5

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (1.5)5 = 10/3 = 7.5 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- okubonakalayo

- okuqondile

– Isithombe sikhulu kunento

– Ibanga lesithombe likhulu kunebanga lento

2. Into ephakeme engu-10 cm ibekwa ibanga elingama-30 cm ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obungu -15 cm . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = 15 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm

Ibanga (ama) lento = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlanganayo:

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ _{do o} = _1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30

d _i = 30/1 = 30 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = m h _o = (-1)10 = -10 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- okwangempela noma imisebe idlula esithombeni

- okuguquliwe

– Ukuphakama kwesithombe kufana nokuphakama kwento.

– Ibanga lesithombe lifana nebanga lento.

3. Into ephakeme engu-10 cm ibekwa ibanga elingama-30 cm ukusuka kulensi yokuhlangana enobude obuqondile obungu -20 cm . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile f) = 20 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi iphuzu elibalulekile lingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe , ukukhuliswa kwesithombe , ukuphakama kwesithombe kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ibanga lesithombe ( di _i ):

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do _o = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe ( m ):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(60)/30 = -2

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Isithombe sikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunento.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h i = m h _o = (-2)10 = -20 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

- kwangempela

- okuguquliwe

– ukuphakama kwesithombe kukhulu kunokuphakama kwento

– ibanga lesithombe likhulu kunebanga lento

4. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, nquma ubude be-focal belensi ehlanganayo!

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 20 cm

Ibanga lesithombe ( di ₎ = 30 cm

Okufunwayo : Ubude obugxile (f)

Isixazululo:

1/ do _o + 1/ di _i = 1/f

do _o = ibanga lento ( kanye nophawu lokuthi imisebe idlula into )

d _i = ibanga lesithombe ( kanye nophawu ngoba imisebe idlula esithombeni )

f = ubude bokugxila ( kanye nophawu lokuthi imisebe idlula endaweni yokugxila noma indawo yokugxila ingokoqobo )

Ubude bokugxila:

1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60

f = 60/5 = 12 cm

5. Ibanga lento lingama-30 cm kanti ubude bokugxila bungama-20 cm. Nquma ukukhuliswa kwesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi ehlanganayo (f) = 20 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo noma imisebe idlula esithombeni.

Ibanga lento ( do _o ) = 30 cm

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)

Isixazululo:

Ibanga lesithombe:

1/ di = 1/f – 1/ do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = _1/60

d _i = 60/1 = 60 cm

Ukukhulisa isithombe:

M = di _i / do _o = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = izikhathi ezi-2

[wpdm_package id='864′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi

1. Into ephakeme engamasentimitha angu-5 ibekwa ibanga elingamasentimitha angu-15 ukusuka kulensi ehlukanisayo enobude obuqondile obungamasentimitha angu-30 . Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe, kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = -30 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo noma imisebe ayidluli ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h _o ) = 5 cm

Ibanga lento (do _o ) = 15 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe (d _i ), ukukhuliswa kwesithombe (m), ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ) kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlukahlukene:

Ibanga lesithombe (di _i ):

1/di _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/15 = -1/30 – 2/30 = -3/30

d _i = -30/3 = -10 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma imisebe ayidluli esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe (m):

m = – di _i / do _o = -(-10)/15 = 10/15 = 2/3

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Isithombe sincane ngo-2/3 kunento.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (2/3)5 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Izakhiwo zesithombe:

Izakhiwo zesithombe ezakhiwe yisibuko esihlukanisiwe:

- okubonakalayo

- okuqondile

– isithombe sincane kunento

– ibanga lesithombe lincane kunebanga lento

2. Into ephakeme engamasentimitha ayi-10 ibekwa ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-60 ukusuka kulensi ehlukanisayo enobude obungamasentimitha angama-30. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, ukuphakama kwesithombe, kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile (f) = -30 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indawo egxile kuyo ingokoqobo noma imisebe ayidluli ephuzwini.

Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm

Ibanga lento (do _o ) = 60 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga lesithombe (d _i ), ukukhuliswa kwesithombe (m), ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ) kanye nezakhiwo zesithombe

Isixazululo:

Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlukahlukene:

Ibanga lesithombe (di _i ):

1/di _i = 1/f – 1/d _o = -1/30 – 1/60 = -2/60 – 1/60 = -3/60

d _i = -60/3 = -20 cm

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-inthanethi noma imisebe ayidluli esithombeni.

Ukwandiswa kwesithombe (m):

m = -d _i /do _o = -(-20)/60 = 20/60 = 1/3

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Isithombe sincane ngo-1/3 kunento.

Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h _i ):

m = h _i / h _o

h _i = mh _o = (1/3)10 = 10/3 = 3.3 cm

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siqondile.

Izakhiwo zesithombe

– okubonakalayo ngoba imisebe ayidluli esithombeni

- okuqondile

– isithombe sincane kunento

– ibanga lesithombe lincane kunebanga lento

[wpdm_package id='862′]

1. Izinkinga zesibuko esigoqekile kanye nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesibuko esiguquguqukayo nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi ahlukahlukene
4. Ukuhlanganisa izinkinga nezixazululo zelensi
5. Izinsimbi zokubona izinkinga zamehlo abantu kanye nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga nezixazululo zamalensi okuxhumana amathuluzi okusebenza
7. Izibuko zamehlo zethuluzi lokubonisa
8. Izinsimbi zokukhanya ezikhulisa izinkinga zeglasi kanye nezixazululo
9. I-microscope yethuluzi lokubona - izinkinga nezixazululo
10. Izinkinga nezixazululo zama-telescope ezinsimbi zokubona

Funda kabanzi