Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation yama-telescopes asezinkanyezi
I-Angle inquma usayizi wesithombe sento eyakhiwe ku-retina. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, ibanga lento elikude neso, i-engeli iba ncane futhi ngenxa yalokho usayizi wesithombe owenziwe ku-retina uba mncane.
I-telescope elula yezinkanyezi inamalensi amabili aqondile; ngalinye libizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso. Ilensi eqondile inebanga elikhulu ukusuka esweni, kuyilapho ilensi yeso inebanga eliseduze neso. Ilensi eqondile isebenza ukuletha isithombe eduze nelensi yeso, ukuze i-engeli ibe nkulu. Ilensi yeso isebenza ukukhulisa i-engeli ukuze usayizi wesithombe esakhiwe ku-retina ube mkhulu.
1. Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu uma indawo yokuma kweso incane (iso ligxile endaweni ekude)
1.1 Ukwandiswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe lapho indawo yeso incane kakhulu
Ilensi eqondiwe ilensi eqondile . Ngakho-ke, isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile sifana nesibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile.
Izimpawu ezingezinhle zichaza kuphela ukuthi isithombe siguqulwe ukuze sisuswe kulesi sibalo.
Uma amehlo ombukeli egxile endaweni ekude (indawo yokuhlala incane kakhulu) isithombe esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe kumele sibe sendawo yesibili eqondiwe ilensi eqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lesithombe selensi eqondiwe (kuob) = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (fobIzinto zikude kakhulu nelensi eqondiwe futhi zibhekwa njengezingenamkhawulo, ngakho-ke ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe (yenzaob) = okungenamkhawulo.
Ngokusekelwe kulesi sibalo, kuphethwa ngokuthi ukukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile kuseduze no-zero ngakho-ke kunganganakwa. Qaphela ukuthi yize ukukhulisa okuqondile kuncane, ilensi eqondile iletha isithombe sangempela eduze kwelensi yeso, ngakho-ke i-engeli ephakathi kwesithombe sangempela nelensi yeso inkulu.
1.2 Ukukhulisa okune-angle kwelensi yeso lapho indawo yeso incane khona
Amalensi e-ocular asebenza ukwandisa i-engeli, ngakho-ke i-equation yokukhulisa esetshenziswayo iyi-equation yokukhulisa i-angular. I-equation yokukhulisa i-angular yelensi ye-ocular ye-astronomical telescope ihlukile ku-equation yokukhulisa i-angular,
ilensi yeso ye-microscope ngoba i-microscope isetshenziselwa ukubona izinto eziseduze kuyilapho i-telescope isetshenziselwa ukubona izinto ezikude.
Isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular:
M = θ' / θ
Ama-engeli mancane ngakho-ke i-tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = hi / f ob
θ' = sawubona / f kulungile
Ukukhulisa kwe-angular:
M ok = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular kwelensi yeso, f ob = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe, f ok = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso.
Ubude bethelesikopu yezinkanyezi (l) = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f ob ) + ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f ok ). Ngakho-ke f ob = l – f ok noma f ok = l – f ob
1.3 Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwe-angular lapho indawo yeso incane kakhulu
Akukho ukukhulisa okuqondile, yingakho ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angle kwe-telescope yezinkanyezi lapho iso ligxile endaweni ekude,
noma indawo yokuhlala incane (M) = ukukhulisa okune-angular kwelensi yeso lapho iso ligxile endaweni ekude, noma indawo yokuhlala incane (M ok ).
M = ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwe-angular, f ob = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe, fok = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe, l = ibanga phakathi ngelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi eqondiwe = ubude belesikopo
2. Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu (iso ligxile endaweni eseduze)
2.1 Ukwandiswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
Ilensi eqondiwe ilensi eqondile. Ngakho-ke, isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile sifana nesibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile.
Izimpawu ezingezinhle zichaza isithombe esiphendukezelwe kuphela ukuze sisuswe kulesi sibalo.
Uma iso lomqaphi likwazi ukwamukela ngokugcwele, isithombe esikhiqizwa yilensi eqondiwe siphakathi kwendawo yokuqala yokugxila yelensi yeso kanye nelensi. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (kuob) = ubude bethelesikopu (l) – ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka ku-lens yeso (dookIzinto zikude kakhulu nelensi eqondiwe futhi zibhekwa njengezingenamkhawulo, ngakho-ke ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe (yenzaob) = okungenamkhawulo.
Ngokusekelwe kulesi sibalo, kuphethwa ngokuthi ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe kuseduze no-zero ngakho-ke kungashaywa indiva.
2.2 Ukukhulisa okune-angle kwelensi yeso lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
Isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular:
M = θ' / θ
I-engeli incane ngakho-ke i-tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = hi / di ob
θ' = sawubona / yenza kahle
Ukukhulisa kwe-angular:
M ok = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular kwelensi yeso, s ob ' = di ob = ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe, do ok = ibanga lesithombe sangempela (izithombe zibhekwa njengezinto) ukusuka kulensi yeso.
Ubude bethelesikopu yezinkanyezi (l) = ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (di ob ) + ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (do ok ). Ngakho-ke di ob = l – do ok noma do ok = l – di ob
2.3 Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular lapho indawo yokuma kweso iphezulu kakhulu
Akukho ukukhulisa okuqondile, yingakho ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angle kwe-telescope yezinkanyezi lapho iso ligxile endaweni ekude,
noma indawo yokuhlala incane (M) = Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular kwelensi yeso lapho iso ligxile endaweni ekude, noma indawo yokuhlala incane (M ok ).
M = ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwe-angular, di ob = ibanga lesithombe selensi eqondile, do ok = ibanga lesithombe sangempela (isithombe sibhekwa njengento) kusuka kulensi yeso,
l = ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso = ubude beteleskopu
