Ukunyakaza okujikelezayo - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Into enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10 ihamba ngendilinga ngesivinini esingaguquki esingu-4 m/s. Uma irediyasi yendilinga ingamamitha angu-0.5, khona-ke:

1) Imvamisa yezindilinga ingu-4/π Hz

2) Ukusheshisa kwe-centripetal kungu-32 ms ^-2

3) Amandla aphakathi nendawo angama-320 N

4) Isikhathi singu-4π s.

Yiziphi izitatimende eziyiqiniso?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sento (m) = 10 kg

Ijubane eliqondile (v) = 4 m/s

Irediyasi yesiyingi (r) = amamitha angu-0.5

Isixazululo:

1) Imvamisa yesiyingi

v = 2 π rf

4 = 2 π (0.5) f

4 = π f

f = 4/π Hertz

2) Ukusheshisa okuphakathi nendawo

a _s = v ² / r = 4 ² / 0,5 = 16 / 0,5 = 32 m/s ²

3) Amandla aphakathi nendawo

F = ma _s = (10)(32) = 320 N

4) Isikhathi

T = 1 : f = 1 : 4/π = 1 x π/4 = π/4

2. Into ihamba ngendilinga yerediyasi engamamitha ayi-6. Uma into ijikeleza iziyingi eziyi-16 ngemizuzu emi-2, iyini ijubane eliqondile lento.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = amamitha angu-6

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = imijikelezo engu-16 / imizuzu emi-2 = imijikelezo engu-8 / imizuzu = imijikelezo engu-8 / imizuzwana engu-60 = imijikelezo engu-0.13/isekhondi.

Okufunwayo: Ijubane eliqondile (v)?

Isixazululo:

v = r ω = (amamitha ayi-6)(0.13 revolutions/second) = 0.8 amamitha/second

Kuma-radian:

Ukujikeleza okungu-1 = ama-radian angu-2π = 2(3.14) = ama-radian angu-6.28

Ijubane le-angular = ama-radians angu-8 (6.28) / imizuzwana engu-60 = ama-radians angu-50.24 / imizuzwana engu-60 = ama-radians angu-0.84/isekhondi

v = r ω = (amamitha ayi-6)(0.84 ama-radians/isekhondi) = 5.04 ama-radians/isekhondi.

3. Into enerediyasi engu-20/π cm ijikeleza izikhathi ezine ngomzuzwana owodwa. Iyini ijubane eliqondile lomphetho wento.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 20/π cm = 20 / 3.14 cm = 6.4 cm = 0.064 amamitha

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = imijikelezo engu-4 / umzuzwana ongu-1 = imijikelezo engu-4 / umzuzwana.

Uguquko olu-1 = (2)(3.14) ama-radian = ama-radian angu-6.28

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = (4)(6.28) ama-radians/isekhondi = ama-radians angu-25.12/isekhondi

Okufunwayo: Ijubane eliqondile lomphetho wento (v)

Isixazululo:

v = r ω = (amamitha angu-0.064)(ama-radian angu-25.12/isekhondi) = amamitha angu-1.6/isekhondi

4. Into ehamba ngendilinga ngesivinini esingaguquki, ijubane eliqondile lento lincike ku…

Bhekafuthi Ukuhlaziywa kobukhulu - izinkinga nezixazululo

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sejubane eliqondile lokunyakaza okujikelezayo:

v = ijubane eliqondile

d = 2πr = isiyingi

T = isikhathi = isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kube noguquko olulodwa oluphelele.

5. Into ihamba ngendilinga yerediyasi engamamitha angu-50. Uma ijubane le-angular lento liyi-120 rpm, yisiphi isikhawu sesikhathi kanye nejubane eliqondile lento?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 50 cm = 0.5 amamitha

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = 120 rpm = imijikelezo engu-120 / umzuzu ongu-1 = imijikelezo engu-120 / imizuzu engu-60 = imijikelezo engu-2 / umzuzwana ongu-1

1 uguquko = 2π radian

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = 2 (ama-radians angu-2π) / umzuzwana ongu-1 = ama-radians angu-4π/umzuzwana

Okufunwayo: Isikhathi esiphakathi (T) kanye nesivinini esiqondile (v)

Isixazululo:

Isikhathi (T):

Isikhathi yisikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kube noguquko olulodwa oluphelele.

Into ijikeleza imijikelezo emibili ngomzuzwana o-1 = umjikelezo o-1 ngemizuzwana engu-0.5. Inkathi = imizuzwana engu-0.5.

Ijubane eliqondile (v):

v = r ω = (amamitha angu-0.5)(ama-radians angu-4π/isekhondi) = amamitha angu-2π/isekhondi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwejubane le-tangential kanye nejubane le-angular ekuhambeni okujikelezayo?
Impendulo : Ijubane le-tangential liyijubane eliqondile lephuzu entweni ejikelezayo futhi libonisa ukuthi iphuzu lihamba ngokushesha kangakanani endleleni yalo eyindilinga. Ijubane le-angular, ngakolunye uhlangothi, libhekisela ekutheni i-engeli ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani njengoba into ijikeleza. Ijubane le-tangential livame ukulinganiswa ngamamitha ngomzuzwana (m/s) kanti ijubane le-angular livame ukulinganiswa ngama-radians ngomzuzwana (rad/s).
Kuyini ukusheshisa kwe-centripetal futhi kuhlobene kanjani nokunyakaza okujikelezayo?
Impendulo : Ukusheshisa kwe-centripetal ukusheshisa okubonwa yinto ehamba endleleni eyindilinga. Ihlala ikhomba maphakathi nendilinga futhi inesibopho sokugcina into endleleni yayo eyindilinga. Ifomula yokusheshisa kwe-centripetal ingu- $c_{=} v 2 ^{/ r}$ lapho $u-v$ eyijubane le-tangential kanye no $-r$ kuyirediyasi yendilinga.
Kungani into ejikelezayo efanayo ishesha ngisho noma ijubane layo lingaguquguquki?
Impendulo : Nakuba ubukhulu (noma usayizi) bejubane buhlala bunjalo ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo, isiqondiso sejubane siyashintsha. Njengoba ukusheshisa kuchazwa njengokushintsha kwejubane, futhi ijubane liyinani le-vector elinobukhulu kanye nesiqondiso, noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwesiqondiso kwakha ukusheshisa. Kulokhu, ukusheshisa kwe-centripetal.
Amandla adingekayo okugcina ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ahlobene kanjani nobunzima bento kanye nerediyasi yendilinga?
Impendulo : Amandla adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo anikezwa yifomula yamandla aphakathi nendawo: $F_{c} = m \times a_{c} = m \times v ^{2 /r}$
Kungani uzizwa ucindezelwa ngaphandle uma imoto ijika ngokujiya (isb., endaweni ejikelezayo)?
Impendulo : Lokhu kungenxa yamandla e-centrifugal “aqanjiwe”, angamandla abonakalayo asebenza ngaphandle emzimbeni ohamba ngendlela eyindilinga. Akuwona amandla angempela ngomqondo wokusunduza noma ukudonsa, kodwa kunalokho umphumela we-inertia. Umzimba wakho ufuna ukuhamba ngendlela eqondile (umthetho wokuqala kaNewton), kodwa izindonga zemoto noma ibhande lesihlalo kusebenzisa amandla okukugcina uhamba uyindilinga. Lokhu kudala umuzwa wokusunduzwa ngaphandle.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukungqubuzana ekujikelezeni, ikakhulukazi uma imoto ijika emgwaqweni?
Impendulo : Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamathayi nomgwaqo kunikeza amandla afanele aphakathi nendawo avumela imoto ukuthi ijike. Ngaphandle kokungqubuzana okwanele, imoto izoshelela noma ishelele, yehluleke ukulandela indlela yayo eyindilinga.
Amandla aphakathi nendawo ashintsha kanjani uma irediyasi yendlela eyindilinga incishiswa phakathi kodwa ijubane lihlala lifana?
Impendulo : Uma i-radius ihlukaniswa phakathi futhi ijubane lihlala lifana, amandla ase-centripetal azophindeka kabili, njengoba amandla ase-centripetal elingana ngokuphambene ne-radius.
Kungani singenakuba namandla e-centrifugal ngaphandle kwamandla e-centripetal ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo?
Impendulo : Amandla e-Centrifugal angamandla asabelayo noma “aqanjiwe” abonakala kufreyimu yokubhekisela ejikelezayo. Kubonakala sengathi asunduza izinto ngaphandle zisuka enkabeni yokujikeleza. Kodwa-ke, ukuze into ihambe ngendlela eyindilinga, kumele kube namandla angempela asebenza enkabeni, okuyiwona amandla e-centrifugal. Ngaphandle kwamandla e-centrifugal, bekungeke kube khona ukunyakaza okuyindilinga kwasekuqaleni, ngakho-ke, akukho ukuqonda kwamandla e-centrifugal.
Amandla adonsela phansi phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga abangela kanjani ukuthi iNyanga ijikeleze?
Impendulo : Amandla adonsela phansi phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga asebenza njengamandla aphakathi nendawo agcina iNyanga ijikeleza uMhlaba. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhanga kwamandla adonsela phansi, iNyanga ibingahamba ngomugqa oqondile esikhundleni sokujikeleza kwayo okuyindilinga (noma ngokunembile, okusaqanda).
Uma intambo eboshelwe ebholeni ifinyezwa ngesigamu ngenkathi ijikeleza ibhola ngesiyingi ngesivinini esifanayo, ukucindezeleka kwentambo kuzoshintsha kanjani?

Impendulo : Uma ubude bentambo (obuhambisana nerediyasi yendlela eyindilinga) buncishiswa phakathi ngenkathi kugcinwa ijubane lingaguquki, amandla aphakathi nendawo adingekayo (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukucindezeleka kwentambo) azophindeka kabili. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla aphakathi nendawo (futhi ngokuhlukahluka, ukucindezeleka kwalesi simo) alingana ngokuphambene nerediyasi.