Izinhlobo Zezinkukhu Zendawo Ezifanelekela Ukufuywa
I-Indonesia yaziwa njengezwe elicebile ngezinsizakusebenza zezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkukhu zasendaweni esezifuywa umphakathi isikhathi eside. Izinkukhu zasendaweni aziyona nje ingxenye yamasiko okupheka namasiko kodwa futhi zinikeza inani elikhangayo kwezomnotho lentuthuko njengebhizinisi lemfuyo. Phakathi kwentshisekelo yabathengi ekhulayo emikhiqizweni ebhekwa njenge "yemvelo" kakhulu, enezinambitheka eziqinile, kanye nezinhlelo zokulima ezinobungani nemvelo, izinkukhu zasendaweni seziba ukukhetha okubaluleke kakhulu.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokufuya imfuyo, ukuthi "kufanele" akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi isivuno sishesha kangakanani noma isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke. Ukufaneleka kohlobo lwenkukhu yendawo kuncike ezinhlosweni zebhizinisi (amaqanda, inyama, imbewu), izimo zesifunda (izindawo eziphansi/izindawo eziphakeme, umswakama, izinga lokushisa), ukutholakala kokudla, isikali sepulazi, kanye nemakethe eqondiwe. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinhlobo eziningana zezinkukhu zendawo ezidumile ezingaba khona ekufuyeni imfuyo, kanye nezinzuzo zazo, izinselele, kanye nokucatshangelwa okusebenzayo.
1. Inkukhu Ekhululekile (Inkukhu Yendabuko)
Izinkukhu ezifuywayo noma ezifuywayo ziyizinkukhu ezivame kakhulu e-Indonesia. Izinzuzo zazo zisekuguquguqukeni kwazo, ukumelana nezimo zemvelo, kanye nokunambitheka okukhethwa yinyama yazo. Abathengi abaningi bazimisele ukukhokha imali ephezulu yezinkukhu ezifuywayo ngoba zibhekwa njengezinokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kunezinkukhu ze-broiler.
Ngokombono wemfuyo, izinkukhu ezifuywayo zilungele izinhlelo ezifuywayo eziqinile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinkukhu ezifuywayo zivame ukukhula kancane kunezinkukhu ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kokudla kanye nesikhathi sokuvuna kubalulekile. Ekulimeni inyama, izinkukhu ezifuywayo zivame ukuvunwa sezikhulile. Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu ezifuywayo kungeyona into ephezulu njengokwezinkukhu ezifuywayo, amaqanda ezifuywayo anendawo ehlukile emakethe.
Ifanelekela: amapulazi amancane kuya kwaphakathi, izimakethe zenyama zekhwalithi ephezulu, izinhlelo zokukhulisa izilwane ezikhululekile.
2. Inkukhu yeSentul
Inkukhu yaseSentul ivela eCiamis, eWest Java. Lolu hlobo lwaziwa ngokukhiqiza kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni inyama namaqanda. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibala yezimpaphe zeSentul nazo zinegalelo ekukhangeni kwayo, yize ukugxila okuyinhloko ekuzaleni kusewukukhiqiza.
Izinzuzo zenkukhu ye-Sentul ukuthi izinga layo lokukhula lihle kakhulu enkukhu yendawo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwayo okuphezulu. Ngaphansi kokuphathwa okujulile, izinkukhu ze-Sentul zingabonisa ukusebenza okulinganayo, ikakhulukazi uma imfuyo ikhethwe kubafuyi abaphezulu futhi kukhethwa njalo.
Ifanele: amapulazi anezinhloso ezimbili, ukufuya izinkukhu zasendaweni, ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi eJava nasezindaweni ezizungezile (yize isengashintshwa ukuze ihambisane nezinye izindawo).
3. Inkukhu yeKedu
Izinkukhu ze-Kedu zivela esifundeni saseKedu eCentral Java. Enye yezidume kakhulu yinkukhu i-Black Kedu, enombala omnyama kakhulu. Le nkukhu ivame ukuba nenani elengeziwe ngenxa yokuhlukile kwayo kanye nemakethe ethile, okuhlanganisa nezinhloso zamasiko kanye nabaqoqi.
Ekulimeni kwezentengiselwano, izinkukhu zeKedu zingafuywa amaqanda nenyama, yize umkhiqizo uncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yohlobo kanye nokuphathwa kwazo. Amandla azo alele ekukhuthazeleni kwazo okunamandla kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo.
Kufanelekile: kubalimi abahlose imakethe eyingqayizivele, kodwa abasafuna ukukhiqiza inyama/amaqanda ngezinga elilinganiselwe.
4. Inkukhu yePelung
Inkukhu yasePelung ivela eCianjur, eWest Java, futhi yaziwa ngokwakheka kwayo okukhulu kanye nokuklewula isikhathi eside. Kwamanye amasiko, izinkukhu zasePelung zisetshenziswa ngisho nasemincintiswaneni. Ngokombono wemfuyo, izinkukhu zasePelung zinamandla okukhiqiza inyama, njengoba zingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwezinkukhu ezivamile ezihlala ezifuywayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwe-Pelung kudinga ukondliwa nokunakekelwa okufanele, ikakhulukazi uma isisindo kuyinhloso eyinhloko. Uma abafuyi behlose imakethe enkulu yenkukhu yendawo, i-Pelung ingaba yindlela ekhangayo.
Kufanelekela: amapulazi amakhulu enyama endawo, abalimi abahlose nemakethe yabantu abathanda izinto zokuzilibazisa.
5. Idada laseTegal
Idada laseTegal lingenye yamadada endawo athanda kakhulu ukuzala amaqanda. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda alo kuphezulu kakhulu kwidada lendawo, futhi amaqanda alo asetshenziswa kakhulu emaqandeni anosawoti. Izinzuzo zedada laseTegal zisekukwazini kwalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zasezindaweni eziphansi kanye nokufaneleka kwalo ezinhlelweni zokulima ezisebenzisa kakhulu noma ezisebenzisa kakhulu.
Izinselele zokukhulisa amadada aseTegal zifaka phakathi ukulawula iphunga, ukuhlanzeka kwezibaya, kanye nokuphathwa kokudla okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphathwa kahle, ibhizinisi lamaqanda edada lingakhiqiza ukugeleza kwemali okuzinzile ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwansuku zonke okuqhubekayo.
Kufanelekela: amapulazi amaqanda anosawoti, amabhizinisi amaqanda abathengi, izindawo ezinokufinyelela okuhle kokudla kanye nezimakethe.
6. Idada le-Alabio
Idada i-Alabio livela eNingizimu Kalimantan futhi laziwa ngokukhiqiza amaqanda nenyama ngezinhloso ezimbili, yize livame ukufuywa ikakhulukazi amaqanda. Leli dada liyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezimanzi nezindawo ezinamaxhaphozi, okwenza lifaneleke ezindaweni ezithile ezinezimo ezifanayo.
Ekulimeni kwemfuyo, amadada ase-Alabio anikeza inani elengeziwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo ezungezile, isibonelo ngokuhlanganiswa nezolimo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yezolimo njengokudla okungeziwe. Ngemikhuba efanele yokunakekela, amadada ase-Alabio angabameleli abanamandla emabhizinisini asekelwe ezinsizeni zendawo.
Ifanele: izindawo ezinamanzi/ezinamanzi, amapulazi amancane amaqanda nenyama.
7. Idada laseMuscovy (Idada laseManila)
Amadada aseMuscovy, noma amadada aseManila, avame ukubhekwa “njengaqinile” futhi kulula ukuwakhulisa. Amadada aseMuscovy afaneleka kahle ekukhiqizweni kwenyama ngenxa yesisindo sawo esikhulu kanye nokukhula okusheshayo. Inyama yedada laseMuscovy inezici ezihlukile, futhi kwezinye izindawo, iyisidlo esithandwayo.
Izinzuzo zamadada aseMuscovy ukumelana kwawo nezimo zemvelo kanye nekhono lawo lokusebenzisa ukudla okuluhlaza kanye nemfucuza yasekhishini (ngenkathi egcina ibhalansi yokudla okunempilo, vele). Kodwa-ke, imakethe yamadada aseMuscovy ingaba yendawo futhi iqonde ngqo, ngakho abalimi kudingeka baqonde isidingo endaweni yabo.
Ifanele: amabhizinisi enyama, amapulazi asekhaya, izindawo ezinesidingo esizinzile samadada aseMuscovy.
8. Izigwaca Zendawo (Njengenye indlela)
Nakuba izigwaca zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemfuyo yesimanje yezentengiselwano, kwezinye izindawo, izigwaca ziyafuywa futhi zifuywe ukuze kukhiqizwe amaqanda nenyama encane. Izinzuzo zezigwaca zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okusheshayo, izidingo zomhlaba ezincane, kanye nomjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okusheshayo.
Izigwaca zingaba inketho kubalimi abafuna ukuqala ibhizinisi ngemali engabizi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma benokufinyelela emakethe enhle yamaqanda ezigwaca (isb., izindawo zokudla, izindawo zokudlela, izimakethe zendabuko). Inselele isekuphathweni okuqinile kwezinkamba kanye nempilo, njengoba abantu bevame ukuba baningi.
Ifanele: ikhaya kuya esikalini esiphakathi, ukugxila ekukhiqizeni amaqanda, indawo elinganiselwe.
Izici Zokunquma Ekukhetheni Izinkukhu Zendawo Zokufuya
Ukuze bakhethe uhlobo lwenkukhu olufanele lwendawo, abalimi kufanele bacabangele izinto ezilandelayo:
1. Izinhloso zebhizinisi: ukuthi kugxilwe emaqandeni, enyameni, noma ekuzaleni. Amadada aseTegal angcono kakhulu emaqandeni, amadada aseMuscovy angcono kakhulu enyameni, kanti izinkukhu zaseSentul zifanelekela izinjongo ezimbili.
2. Ukutholakala kokudla: izinkukhu zasendaweni zivame ukuzuza ngokudla okwengeziwe (i-bran, imfucuza yezolimo), kodwa zisadinga ukudla kwekhwalithi ukuze zisebenze kahle.
3. Izimo zemvelo: umswakama ophezulu, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokufinyelela emanzini kunethonya elikhulu, ikakhulukazi kumadada/amadada aseMuscovy.
4. Ingxenye yemakethe: izinkukhu ezifuywayo zinemakethe ebanzi, kanti iKedu noma iPelung zinganikeza inani elengeziwe ezimakethe ezihlukile.
5. Ukuphathwa kwezindlu kanye nempilo: ukuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, ukugoma, ukuhlanzeka, kanye nobuningi bezindlu kunquma izinga lokufa kanye nokukhula kwazo.
I-Penutup
Izinhlobo zezinkukhu zasendaweni zase-Indonesia zinikeza amathuba abalulekile okulima, kokubili njengebhizinisi eliyinhloko kanye nentuthuko yomnotho womndeni. Izinkukhu ezizimele zihlala ziyisinqumo esiphephile ngenxa yesidingo esibanzi, kuyilapho izinkukhu zaseSentul nasePelung zikhanga izimakethe ezithile futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okuncintisanayo. Okwamanje, amadada aseTegal nase-Alabio anikeza amandla amakhulu okukhiqiza amaqanda, kuyilapho amadada aseMuscovy efanelekile ekukhiqizeni inyama enokuqukethwe "kokugcwalisa" okukhulu futhi angabekezelela izimo zokukhulisa ezilula.
Isihluthulelo sebhizinisi lezinkukhu lendawo eliphumelelayo asigcini nje ngokukhetha izinhlobo, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa imfuyo esezingeni eliphezulu, ukudla okusebenzayo, ukuphathwa kwezindlu okuhlanzekile, kanye nesu lokumaketha elihambisana nezimo zendawo. Ngokuhlela kahle, izinkukhu zendawo zingaba impahla yemfuyo enenzuzo neqhubekayo.
