Imiphumela Yehlobo Ekulimeni Izinkukhu
Ihlobo livame ukuba yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu emapulazini ezinkukhu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo ezingaba namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Lezi zimo zibangela ukucindezeleka kokushisa kuma-broiler, ama-layers, kanye nezinye izinkukhu ezifana namadada nama-quail. Umthelela awubonakali nje kuphela ekukhiqizweni okunciphile kodwa nasempilweni, enhlalakahleni yezilwane, ukusebenza kahle kokudla, ngisho nokufa okwandisiwe. Ukuqonda ukuthi ihlobo lithinta kanjani izinkukhu kanye namasu okunciphisa kubalulekile kubalimi ukuze balondoloze ukusebenza kwemfuyo kanye nokuzinza komnotho webhizinisi.
1. Kungani izinkukhu zisengozini yokushisa?
Izinkukhu ziyizilwane ezinekhono elincane kakhulu lokukhipha ukushisa komzimba. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo, ezingajuluka, izinkukhu nezinyoni eziningi azinazo izindlala zokujuluka ezisebenzayo. Ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuphefumula (ukuphefumula), ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni, kanye nokuziphatha okufana nokunciphisa umsebenzi nokusabalalisa amaphiko. Njengoba amazinga okushisa emvelo eqhubeka ekhuphuka, lezi zindlela ziba ezinganele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka, ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwehla, futhi imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba iyaphazamiseka.
Ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama nawo udlala indima ebalulekile. Umswakama ophezulu unciphisa ukuhwamuka komoya ovela emgudwini wokuphefumula, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngezinyoni ukuzipholisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma indawo ebiyelwe ingenawo umoya ofanele.
2. Umthelela wehlobo ekusetshenzisweni kokudla nasekukhuleni
Omunye wemiphumela ebonakala ngokushesha kakhulu ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kokudla. Uma kushisa, izinyoni zivame ukudla okuncane ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kokushisa komzimba okuvela ekugayweni kokudla. Ezinkukhwini ze-broiler, ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kokudla kusho amazinga okukhula ahamba kancane, isisindo esiphansi sokuvuna, kanye nezilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla ezimpofu (i-FCR). Abalimi bangabhekana nobunzima obuphindwe kabili: izindleko zokudla ezikhuphukile ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo esiphilayo, kuyilapho isivuno sincipha.
Ezikhukhwini ezizalela amaqanda, ukudla okuncishisiwe nakho kubangela izinkinga ezengeziwe: amandla anele kanye nokudla okunomsoco ukuze kugcinwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuhle. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, ukwehla kosayizi wamaqanda, kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamaqanda (isb., ukujiya kwegobolondo).
3. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kanye nekhwalithi yamagobolondo
Ihlobo liyaziwa ngokucindezeleka okukhulu ekukhiqizeni amaqanda. Izinkukhu ezizalelayo ezibhekene nokucindezeleka kokushisa zivame ukubonisa iphesenti eliphansi lokubeka amaqanda kanye nobunzima bamaqanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkukhu eziphefumulayo zikhipha i-carbon dioxide eningi, okuphazamisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukutholakala kwe-calcium ene-ionized, ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwamagobolondo amaqanda. Ngenxa yalokho, amagobolondo amaqanda aba mancane futhi aqhekeke kakhulu, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamaqanda nokulahleka kwawo ngesikhathi sokugcina nokusabalalisa.
Ngezinga elikhulu, ukwanda kwamaqanda aqhekekile kunganciphisa izinga lomkhiqizo futhi kunciphise imali engenayo. Okwamanje, emapulazini amancane, amaqanda asezingeni eliphansi angenza kube nzima ukuncintisana emakethe.
4. Izinkinga zempilo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo
Ukucindezeleka kokushisa akuyona nje indaba yenduduzo. Lapho izinyoni zizwa ukushisa okukhulu, amasosha omzimba azo angaba buthaka. Ziba sengozini enkulu yezifo, okuhlanganisa izifo zokuphefumula, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Izimo zezindlu ezishisayo zivame ukukhuthaza abalimi ukuba bandise umoya nomoya, kodwa uma ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo kungalungile, lokhu kungandisa ukuchayeka othulini, i-ammonia, noma izifo zangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okwengeziwe ehlobo kungaholela ezinkingeni zekhwalithi yemfucuza ezisekelweni zaphansi. Imfucuza emanzi yandisa ingozi ye-foot dermatitis, izilonda zesifuba, futhi ikhulisa ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Ezindlini ezifakwe ungqimba, imfucuza emanzi nayo yandisa amazinga e-ammonia, okungathinta impilo yokuphefumula futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle.
5. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni kanye nokungalingani kwama-electrolyte
Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, izinyoni zizophuza kakhulu ukuze zigcine izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo liphansi. Uma ukutholakala kwamanzi kunganele noma ikhwalithi yamanzi iphansi, izinyoni zingaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kubangela ukwehla kokujikeleza kwegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela ekufeni.
Ukuphefumula isikhathi eside kuthinta nokulinganisela kwama-electrolyte (isb., i-sodium, i-potassium, i-chloride) kanye nokulinganisela kwe-acid-base. Lokhu kungalingani kuthinta ukusebenza kwemisipha, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-metabolic, futhi ezinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda, kungathinta ikhwalithi yegobolondo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.
6. Umthelela ekuziphatheni kwemfuyo kanye nenhlalakahle yayo
Ihlobo lishintsha ukuziphatha kwezinkukhu. Izinkukhu zivame ukuba matasa kakhulu, zinciphise ukunyakaza, zigweme izixuku, futhi zifune izindawo ezipholile. Ezindlini ezinabantu abaningi, izinkukhu ziyahluleka ukuhlakazeka, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kokushisa kanye nokucindezeleka okwandisiwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekuziphatheni okunolaka, ukuncipha kwenhlalakahle, ngisho nokudla izinkukhu kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi uma umoya ungangeni kahle futhi ukudla kungalingani.
7. Ingozi yokufa ngokuzumayo (ukushisa komzimba)
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, ingozi yokufa iyanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinkukhu ezinkulu ezinomzimba omkhulu okhiqiza ukushisa komzimba. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungenzeka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma ugesi uvala amafeni nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya. Kungakapheli amahora amaningi, isibaya singashisa kakhulu, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Lesi senzakalo simele enye yezingozi ezinkulu embonini yenkukhu yanamuhla.
8. Amasu okunciphisa: ukuphathwa kwekheji kanye nokungenisa umoya
Ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yokushisa kwasehlobo, isinyathelo esiyinhloko ukuthuthukisa isimo sezulu esincane sendawo evalekile. Umoya omuhle usiza ukususa ukushisa namagesi ayingozi njenge-ammonia. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafeni, izinhlelo zomoya wokungenisa umoya emihubheni, kanye nama-cooling pad noma i-fogging kungasiza ekwehliseni izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, i-fogging kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela lapho kunomswakama ophezulu, njengoba ingenza izimo zibe zimbi kakhulu uma ingalingani nokugeleza komoya okwanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwendawo ebiyelwe kudlala indima ebalulekile: ukuqondiswa kwendawo ebiyelwe, ukuphakama kophahla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuphahla ezibonisa ukushisa, kanye nokuvikela konke kunganciphisa umthwalo wokushisa. Umthunzi wemvelo, njengezihlahla ezizungeze indawo ebiyelwe, nawo uyasiza ekunciphiseni imisebe yokushisa eqondile.
9. Ukuphathwa kokudla namanzi ehlobo
Ukulungiswa kokudla kungasiza izinkukhu zigcine ukusebenza kahle. Abalimi bavame ukuhlela izikhathi zokudla ngesikhathi sezulu esipholile, njengasekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo nakho kudingeka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zamandla namaprotheni ziyahlangatshezwa naphezu kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa ukwanda kwezakhamzimba, ukwengeza amavithamini (njengevithamini C no-E), kanye nokwengeza ama-electrolyte ukusiza izinkukhu zibhekane nokucindezeleka kokushisa.
Amanzi kumele atholakale kalula, ahlanzekile, futhi apholile. Imigqa yamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile ibalulekile ngoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukukhula kwamagciwane emapayipini nasezitsheni zamanzi. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kumele futhi kwanele, njengoba izidingo zamanzi okuphuza zanda kakhulu.
10. Isiphetho
Ukushisa kwasehlobo kuthinta kakhulu ukufuywa kwezinkukhu ngokucindezeleka kokushisa, okunciphisa ukudla okudliwayo, kubambezele ukukhula, kucindezele ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, kunciphisa ikhwalithi yamagobolondo, futhi kwandisa ingozi yezifo nokufa. Umthelela wezomnotho ungaba mkhulu uma ungalindelekile. Isihluthulelo sokumelana nokushisa inhlanganisela yokuphathwa kahle kwezindlu, umoya opholile nokupholisa okwanele, kanye namasu okudla namanzi afanele. Ngezinyathelo zokuhlela nokuvimbela, abalimi bangagcina umkhiqizo wezinkukhu, impilo, kanye nenhlalakahle naphezu kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.
