Izindlela Zokunikeza Amaminerali Namavithamini Emfuyweni
Amaminerali namavithamini yizinto ezibalulekile zokudla okunempilo ezidlala indima enkulu ekugcineni impilo, umkhiqizo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokudla kwemfuyo. Ukuntuleka kwamaminerali namavithamini kungaholela ekukhuleni okulimele, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kobisi noma amaqanda, izinkinga zokuzala, ukwehla kokuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokwanda kwezifo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukutholakala ngokweqile nakho kungabangela izinkinga ezifana nobuthi bamaminerali, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, noma ukungalingani kokudla okunempilo. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kudingeka baqonde izindlela ezifanele zokuphatha amaminerali namavithamini, kuye ngohlobo lwemfuyo, ubudala, isigaba sokukhiqiza, kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Indima Yamaminerali Namavithamini Emzimbeni Wezilwane
Ngokuvamile, amaminerali ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: amaminerali amakhulu (adingekayo ngamanani amakhulu) njenge-calcium (Ca), i-phosphorus (P), i-magnesium (Mg), i-sodium (Na), i-potassium (K), i-chlorine (Cl), ne-sulfur (S); kanye namaminerali amancane (adingekayo ngamanani amancane) njengethusi (Cu), i-zinc (Zn), i-iron (Fe), i-manganese (Mn), i-iodine (I), i-selenium (Se), kanye ne-cobalt (Co). Amaminerali adlala indima ekwakhekeni kwamathambo, ukusebenza kwe-enzyme kanye nama-hormone, ibhalansi yoketshezi lomzimba, ukusebenza kwezinzwa kanye nemisipha, kanye nesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela.
Okwamanje, amavithamini ahlukaniswe ngamavithamini ancibilika emafutheni (A, D, E, K) kanye namavithamini ancibilika emanzini (amaqembu B no-C). Amavithamini ancibilika emafutheni abalulekile ekuboneni, ekukhuleni, empilweni yokuzala, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-calcium-phosphorus, kanye nama-antioxidants. Amavithamini ancibilika emanzini ahilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, ekwakhekeni kwamaseli egazi, kanye nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ezitshalweni ezidla inyama, amanye amavithamini e-B angakhiwa ngamagciwane e-rumen, kodwa ukungezelelwa kusadingeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izici Ezithonya Izidingo Zokwengezwa
Izidingo zamaminerali namavithamini azifani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izici eziningana ezithonyayo zifaka:
1. Izinhlobo zemfuyo: izinkomo zobisi, izinkomo zenyama yenkomo, izimbuzi, izimvu, izinkukhu kanye nezingulube zinezidingo ezahlukene.
2. Ubudala kanye nesigaba sokukhiqiza: imfuyo, isikhathi sokukhula, ukukhulelwa, ukuncelisa, noma ukukhuluphala.
3. Ikhwalithi yokudla eyisisekelo: ukudla okuluhlaza okotshani, ukudla okugxilile, noma ukudla okubilisiwe kunokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwamaminerali.
4. Izimo zemvelo: isizini yemvula/eyomile, amazinga okucindezeleka kokushisa, kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali enhlabathini yendawo kanye namanzi okuphuza.
5. Impilo yemfuyo: izifo zokugaya ukudla, izimuncagazi, noma izinkinga zokumunca kungandisa isidingo.
Ngokuqonda lezi zici, abalimi bangakhetha indlela efanele yokondla ukuze iphumelele futhi yonge imali.
Izindlela Zokunikeza Amaminerali Emfuyweni
1. Ukuxuba Ukudla (Ukuxuba Ukudla)
Indlela evame kakhulu ukuxuba amaminerali abe ukudla okugxilile noma i-total mixed ration (TMR). Amaminerali atholakala ngesimo esixutshwe kusengaphambili, ukuxuba amaminerali, noma izithako ezilodwa njenge-limestone (calcium) meal kanye ne-dicalcium phosphate (DCP).
Izinzuzo:
– Umthamo olawulwa kakhulu futhi olinganayo.
– Kufanelekela ukulima okujulile ngokudla okulinganiselwe.
Ukushoda:
– Kudinga imishini kanye nokunemba kokuxuba.
– Uma isabelo singaxutshwanga kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali ngeke kungalingani.
2. Ukukhotha Usawoti (Ibhulokhi/Ukukhotha Amaminerali)
Amabhulokhi amaminerali, noma ama-salt licks, athandwa kakhulu ezinkomeni, ezimbuzini nasezimvini. La mabhulokhi aqukethe i-NaCl, ama-microminerals, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amavithamini.
Izinzuzo:
– Okusebenzayo, okulula ukukusebenzisa, futhi okufanelekela izinhlelo zokwalusa.
– Imfuyo idla ngokwezidingo zemvelo (ezilawulayo) yize kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukushoda:
– Ukusetshenziswa kunzima ukukuqapha ngokunembile.
– Kukhona ingozi yokuthi ezinye izifuyo ezibusayo zizodla kakhulu, kanti ezibuthakathaka zizodla kancane.
3. Ukwengezwa ngamanzi okuphuza
Amaminerali athile kanye nama-electrolyte angatholakala ngamanzi okuphuza, ikakhulukazi ezinkukhu nasezingulubeni, noma lapho imfuyo ibhekene nokucindezeleka kokushisa kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Izinzuzo:
- Imuncwa ngokushesha futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngezinga elikhulu.
– Isebenza kahle ezimweni eziphuthumayo (isib. ukuntuleka kwe-electrolyte).
Ukushoda:
– Umthamo uncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi; uma imfuyo ingaphuzi ngokwanele, ukudla ngeke kwanele.
– Amanye amaminerali angakhukhuleka noma asabela emanzini asezingeni eliphansi.
4. Ukumanzisa (Ukuphathwa Komlomo Okuqondile)
Ukumanzisa amanzi kungukufakwa kwesisombululo samaminerali ngqo emlonyeni kusetshenziswa umshini wokumanzisa amanzi noma ibhodlela elikhethekile. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukubhekana ngokushesha nokuntuleka kwamaminerali athile, njenge-magnesium ukuvimbela i-tetany yotshani ezinkomeni.
Izinzuzo:
- Isilinganiso esinembile nemiphumela esheshayo.
– Kufanelekela ukuphathwa komuntu ngamunye.
Ukushoda:
– Kudinga abasebenzi namakhono ukuvimbela imigudu engalungile (isifiso).
– Akusebenzi kangako ngenani elikhulu lemfuyo.
5. Umjovo Wezimbiwa (Onobuthi)
Imijovo isetshenziselwa amaminerali athile njenge-selenium, ithusi, noma inhlanganisela yamaminerali namavithamini, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuntuleka okukhulu noma ukuphazamiseka kokumuncwa kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
Izinzuzo:
– Umphumela osheshayo futhi awuxhomekile ekusetshenzisweni kokudla.
– Isebenza kahle emfuyweni egulayo noma kulezo ezinesifo sokudla esinciphile.
Ukushoda:
– Kumelwe kwenziwe ngezinqubo zokuhlanzeka ezinhle.
– Ingozi ephezulu yokudlula ngokweqile; idinga ukubhekwa ngudokotela wezilwane noma izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe.
Izindlela Zokunikeza Imfuyo Amavithamini
1. I-Vitamin Premix ekudlayo
Amavithamini avame ukunikezwa ngokusebenzisa izingxube ezixutshwe ekudleni, ikakhulukazi ezinkukhu, ezingulubeni, nasezinkomeni zobisi ezigcwele ubisi.
Izinzuzo:
– Izinzile uma igcinwe kahle futhi ixutshwe ngokulinganayo.
– Ifanele izinhlelo zokudla okunempilo zesikhathi eside.
Ukushoda:
– Amavithamini athile azwela ukushisa, ukukhanya kanye nomswakama, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi ingase yehle.
– Inqubo yokufaka ama-pellets ekudleni ingabhubhisa amavithamini athile uma ingaklanywanga ngendlela ekhethekile.
2. Amavithamini ngamanzi okuphuza
Amavithamini ancibilika emanzini (njengevithamini B-complex kanye nevithamini C) avame ukunikezwa ngamanzi okuphuza ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, ukushintsha ukudla, ngemva kokugoma, noma ukululama ekuguleni.
Izinzuzo:
- Iyasebenza futhi isheshe imuncwe.
– Kuhle ezimweni zokucindezeleka kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla.
Ukushoda:
– Ukuzinza kwamavithamini emanzini kulinganiselwe, kumele enziwe abe masha.
– Ukunemba komthamo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi.
3. Umjovo Wevithamini
Amavithamini A, D, E, kanye nezinye izinhlanganisela zamavithamini amaningi zinganikezwa ngomjovo, ikakhulukazi emfuyweni enesisindo esingaphansi, ngemva kokubeletha, noma lapho ikhwalithi yokudla iphansi (isib., isizini eyomile).
Izinzuzo:
– Kuthuthukisa ngokushesha isimo samavithamini emzimbeni.
– Kuwusizo kakhulu ezimweni zokuntuleka kwemithi.
Ukushoda:
– Kudinga ikhono kanye nokuhlanzeka.
– Kuyingozi uma umthamo ungafanele, ikakhulukazi amavithamini ancibilikayo emafutheni anganqwabelana emzimbeni.
Amasu Asebenzayo Okwengeza Okuphumelelayo
Ukuze bahlinzeke ngamaminerali namavithamini ngendlela eqondile, abalimi kudingeka basebenzise amasu amaningana:
1. Ukuhlaziywa kokudla kanye nezimo zesifunda: ukwazi okuqukethwe amaminerali ekudleni okuluhlaza, okugxilile, kanye namanzi okuphuza kusiza ekunqumeni izidingo zangempela.
2. Lungisa isigaba sokukhiqiza: imfuyo ekhulelwe nencelisayo idinga amazinga aphezulu e-Ca, P, kanye namaminerali amancane; izinkukhu ezizalelayo zidinga amazinga aphezulu e-calcium ukuze kube nekhwalithi yegobolondo.
3. Sebenzisa i-premix esezingeni eliphezulu: khetha umkhiqizo onokwakheka okucacile, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nemiyalelo efanele yomthamo.
4. Qapha ukusetshenziswa kwemfuyo kanye nokusabela kwayo: qaphela ukusebenza kwayo, isimo soboya bayo, isifiso sokudla, izinga lokukhulelwa, ukukhiqizwa kobisi/amaqanda, kanye nokuvela kwezifo.
5. Gwema ukudlula ngokweqile kanye nokungalingani: isibonelo, i-Ca eningi kakhulu ingaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-P, kanti i-Cu eningi kakhulu iyingozi ezimvini.
6. Xhumana nochwepheshe: udokotela wezilwane noma uchwepheshe wezokudla angasiza ekwakheni uhlelo olufanele noluphephile lwamaminerali namavithamini.
Isiphetho
Ukwengezwa kwamaminerali namavithamini kungenziwa ngokuxuba ukudla, ukukhotha usawoti, amanzi okuphuza, ukucwilisa, noma ukujova. Indlela ngayinye inezinzuzo nemikhawulo yayo, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kumele kucabangele uhlobo lwemfuyo, uhlelo lokukhulisa, izimo zokudla, kanye nezinhloso zokukhiqiza. Ukwengezwa okufanele kuzothuthukisa impilo, ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle kokudla, kanye nempumelelo yokuzala. Ngokuphathwa okufanele kanye nokuqapha njalo, abalimi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imfuyo yabo ithola amaminerali namavithamini anele ngaphandle kwengozi yokuntuleka noma ukweqisa.
