Amasu Okulondoloza Amanzi Kwezolimo
Amanzi ayisici esibalulekile kwezolimo. Ngaphandle kokutholakala kwamanzi anele, imikhuba yezolimo ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu futhi ingaholela enkingeni yokudla. Ezolimo, ezisebenzisa cishe u-70% wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni, kumele zithole izindlela zokusebenzisa lo mthombo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Amasu okonga amanzi kwezolimo abalulekile ekugcineni ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezemvelo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngamasu amaningana okonga amanzi angasetshenziswa emkhakheni wezolimo.
1. Ukunisela Ngokuconsa
Enye yezindlela zokonga amanzi eziphumelela kakhulu ukunisela ngokuconsa. Ukunisela ngokuconsa kusebenza ngokuletha amanzi ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo ngendlela yamaconsi amancane, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukumosheka kwamanzi ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa inethiwekhi yamapayipi nama-emitter aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuletha amanzi kancane nangokunembile. Ngokunisela ngokuconsa, ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi kunganda kufikela ku-90%.
Ukunisela ngokuconsa kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bahlanganise umanyolo nokunisela, indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fertigation. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba futhi kwandisa isivuno sezitshalo. Ngenkathi izindleko zokuqala zokufaka ukunisela ngokuconsa zingaba ziphezulu kakhulu, ukonga amanzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza isikhathi eside kwenza kube utshalomali olufanele.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Emvula
Ukuqoqwa nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi emvula kungenye indlela ephumelelayo yokonga amanzi. Ngokwakha amadamu amancane okugcina amanzi, amachibi okugcina amanzi, noma izakhiwo zokubamba amanzi, abalimi bangaqoqa amanzi emvula ngesikhathi semvula futhi bawasebenzise ngesikhathi sesomiso. Le ndlela ayisizi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni ingcindezi emithonjeni yamanzi yemvelo kodwa futhi inciphisa nengozi yezikhukhula kanye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakha imithombo yokungena noma amathangi okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kungasiza ekugcineni amazinga amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi emvula kuyindlela enobungani nemvelo futhi engabizi kakhulu yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi engeziwe kwezolimo.
3. Ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile (Ukumanzisa kanye nokomisa okunye)
Ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile (AWD) kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa emasimini elayisi. Kule ndlela, izitshalo zelayisi aziniselwa njalo kodwa zivunyelwe ukuba zidlule emjikelezweni wokomisa wesikhashana ngaphambi kokuba ziniselwe futhi. Le ndlela inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngo-30% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yisivuno.
I-AWD iphinde ibe nomthelela omuhle kwezemvelo ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa ekhiqizwa yizimo ezingasebenzi kahle emasimini elayisi agcwele amanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-AWD akuyona nje indlela yokonga amanzi kodwa futhi iyisilinganiso sokunciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Mulch
I-mulch iyinto yokumboza umhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni bomhlabathi, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, nokuvimbela ukukhula kokhula. I-mulch ingenziwa ngezinto eziphilayo ezifana notshani, amaqabunga, noma umquba, noma izinto ezingaphili njengepulasitiki.
Ukusebenzisa i-mulch kusiza ukugcina umswakama wenhlabathi, kunciphisa isidingo sokunisela njalo. I-mulch iyasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo senhlabathi futhi inikeze izakhamzimba ezengeziwe njengoba izinto eziphilayo zibola. I-mulch iyisisombululo esilula kodwa esisebenzayo sokonga amanzi.
5. Izitshalo Ezimboza Umhlaba
Ukutshala izitshalo zokumboza umhlabathi ezifana nemifino noma utshani kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, kuthuthukise isakhiwo somhlabathi, futhi kwandise izinto eziphilayo zomhlabathi. Izitshalo zokumboza umhlabathi zinganciphisa nokuguguleka komhlabathi futhi zithuthukise amazinga okungena kwamanzi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izitshalo ezimboza izitshalo zingakhulisa ikhono lomhlabathi lokugcina nokumunca amanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izidingo zokunisela futhi kwandise ukumelana nesomiso.
6. Ukuphathwa Kokunisela Okusekelwe Kubuchwepheshe
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ilethe amathuluzi namasu amasha okwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezolimo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi, isibonelo, kuvumela abalimi ukuthi baqaphe amazinga omswakama wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi balungise ukuchelela ngokufanele. Lobu buchwepheshe buyasiza ekugwemeni ukuchelela ngokweqile noma okunganele, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nesivuno sezitshalo.
Ama-drone asetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha impilo yezitshalo nokuhlonza izindawo ezidinga amanzi amaningi noma amancane. Izinhlelo zokunisela ezizenzakalelayo ezilawulwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone zivumela ukuphathwa kokunisela okunembe kakhudlwana, ngisho noma kude.
7. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinhlobo Zezitshalo Ezimelana Nesomiso
Ukuthuthukisa nokutshala izinhlobo zezitshalo ezimelana kakhulu nezimo zesomiso kungenye indlela yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezolimo. Lezi zinhlobo zenzelwe ukuthi zisebenzise amanzi kahle, zivumele ukuthi ziphile futhi zikhiqize kahle ezimweni ezilinganiselwe ngamanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-biotechnology besimanje kanye nokuzalanisa izitshalo kuye kwasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezingagcini nje ngokubekezelela isomiso kodwa futhi ezikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ezimelana nezifo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezimelana nesomiso kungaba yisisombululo sesikhathi eside ezinseleleni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nenkinga yamanzi.
8. Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Okusekelwe Emphakathini
Indlela yokuphatha amanzi esekwe emphakathini nayo ibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwamanzi okuphumelelayo kwezolimo. Ukubambisana phakathi kwabalimi, ohulumeni basekhaya, kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni kungaholela ezinqubweni kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha amanzi esebenza kahle futhi eqhubekayo.
Ukuphathwa kwamanzi okusekelwe emphakathini kuvame ukuhilela ukusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwemithombo yamanzi, ukuqeqeshwa ngamasu okulondolozwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokunisela esebenza kahle. Ngokusebenzisana, imiphakathi yabalimi ingabhekana nezinselele zokutholakala kwamanzi futhi iqinisekise ukuvikeleka kokudla.
9. Ukuvuselelwa Komhlaba Okubalulekile
Izindawo ezibhekene nokuwohloka noma isomiso esinzima zingavuselelwa ukuze kwandiswe amandla okugcina amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi kuncishiswe amazinga okuhwamuka kwamanzi. Amasu okuvuselela afaka phakathi ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, ukufaka amasimu, kanye nemikhuba ethuthukisiwe yezolimo.
Ukuvuselelwa komhlaba akusizi nje kuphela ukwandisa ukutholakala kwamanzi kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa nezindawo zemvelo zasendaweni futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo. Lo mzamo udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuzibophezela, kodwa izinzuzo zibalulekile ekusimeni kwezolimo.
Isiphetho
Amasu okonga amanzi kwezolimo abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kokudla okusimeme kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yezemvelo. Kusukela ekuniseleni ngamaconsi kuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, amasu ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi kuxazululwe izinselelo zenkinga yamanzi yomhlaba wonke. Ukubambisana phakathi kwabalimi, ohulumeni kanye nemiphakathi kubalulekile ekuqaliseni ngempumelelo le mikhuba. Ngezinyathelo ezifanele, ukonga amanzi kungasekela ezolimo ezisebenza kahle, ezikhiqizayo, nezisimeme ukuze kube nekusasa eliqhakazile.
