Izindlela Zokulima Ubhanana waseCavendish
Ubhanana waseCavendish uyinto etshalwa kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sawo esizinzile, kokubili emakethe yesimanje kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Lesi sithelo saziwa ngobukhulu baso obufanayo, isikhumba esibushelelezi, ukunambitheka okumnandi, kanye nokuphila okuhle kokugcina uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zikabhanana. Ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle kakhulu, ukutshalwa kwebhanana waseCavendish kudinga amasu afanele, kusukela ekukhetheni imbewu kanye nokulungiswa komhlaba kuya ekunakekelweni, kuze kube sekuvunweni nasekuphathweni ngemva kokuvunwa. Okulandelayo kuchaza amasu okutshalwa kwebhanana waseCavendish angasetshenziswa kokubili emasimini amancane kanye namakhulu.
1. Izimo Zokukhula Nokukhethwa Kwendawo
Impumelelo yokutshala iCavendish ithonywa kakhulu yindawo okutshalwa kuyo. Ngokuvamile, ubhanana ukhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nomswakama owanele. ICavendish itshalwa kahle ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi kuya kweziphakathi, enelanga eligcwele. Izitshalo zidinga ngisho nemvula noma uhlelo lokunisela olwanele, njengoba ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuzovimbela ukukhula kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo.
Inhlabathi efanele ikhululekile, icebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ikhipha amanzi kahle, futhi ine-pH eseduze nokungathathi hlangothi (cishe u-5,5-7). Ukugcwala kwamanzi kufanele kugwenywe njengoba kungabangela ukubola kwezimpande futhi kubhebhethekise izifo ezithwalwa yinhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi ivame ukuba nzima noma ibe nodaka kalula, imisele yokukhipha amanzi kanye nemibhede ephakanyisiwe noma amagquma kufanele adalwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena komoya.
2. Ukulungiswa Komhlaba
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kwenziwa ukuze kudalwe izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwezimpande nokuvimbela izinkinga ekuqaleni kokukhula. Izinyathelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukususa ukhula nezinsalela zezitshalo, kanye nokulima inhlabathi (ukulima noma ukuhlakula). Endaweni ethambekile, kunconywa ukudala ama-terrace noma amagquma alandela i-contour ukuvimbela ukuguguleka.
Uma umhlabathi usuhlanziwe, bamba umgodi wokutshala olinganiselwa ku-50 x 50 x 50 cm, noma ulungise ukuze uvumelane nezimo zenhlabathi. Inhlabathi engaphezulu evubukuliwe kufanele ihlukaniswe nomhlabathi ongaphansi. Hlanganisa inhlabathi engaphezulu nomquba ovuthiwe noma umquba (isb., 10-20 kg ngomgodi ngamunye) bese ufaka izinto ezisekelayo njenge-dolomite uma i-pH ine-acidic kakhulu. Umgodi wokutshala ngokuvamile ushiywa izinsuku eziningana ukuze kuvunyelwe amagesi anobuthi ukuba anyamalale kanye nendawo yokutshala ukuze izinze.
3. Ukukhetha Imbewu
Izithombo ziyisihluthulelo sokukhiqiza iCavendish. Izithombo zokukhulisa izicubu okwamanje ziyathandwa ngenxa yokufana kwazo, ukukhululeka ezifweni eziningi zakuqala, kanye nokukhula okusheshayo. Izithombo ezinhle zokukhulisa izicubu zinamaqabunga amasha, iziqu eziqinile, futhi azikho izimpawu zokubuna, amabala esifo, noma ukubola phansi.
Uma usebenzisa ama-sucker, khetha ama-sucker anempilo kubazali abakhiqizayo, abangenazo izifo, futhi abanobukhulu obanele (ama-sucker enkemba anamaqabunga amancane ngokuvamile ayathandwa ngenxa yokuthi aqine kakhulu ekukhuleni kwawo). Kodwa-ke, izithombo ze-sucker zisengozini yokuthwala izifo ezithwalwa inhlabathi, ngakho-ke ukukhetha okuqinile kanye nokuhlanzeka kuyadingeka.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ezivela ekukhuleni kwezicubu zingajwayelana, okuzivumela ukuthi zivumelane nezimo zasensimini ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka. Ukwelashwa okufushane kokucwilisa noma ukubulala amagciwane/i-biofungicide, njengoba kudingeka, kungasetshenziswa ukucindezela isikhunta esibangela ukubola.
4. Amasu Okutshala kanye Nokuhlukanisa Izikhala Zezitshalo
Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwesizini yemvula ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo zithola amanzi anele ukuze zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuchelela kuyatholakala, ukutshala kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Indlela yokutshala: Beka isithombo siqonde phakathi nendawo yomgodi, uqondise izimpande, bese usimboza ngengxube yenhlabathi nomanyolo wemvelo. Qinisa isitshalo kancane ukuze usiqinise, kodwa ungasicindezeli kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa ukubhoboka kwenhlabathi. Ngemva kokutshala, nisela kahle.
Isikhala sokutshala siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nohlelo lokutshala. Ekutshaleni okujulile, isikhala sivame ukuba cishe ngamamitha angu-2,5 x 2,5 noma amamitha angu-3 x 2 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunabantu abaningi ngenkathi kusavunyelwa ukunakekelwa. Ukutshala kakhulu kuzokwandisa umswakama futhi kukhuthaze izifo, kanti ukutshala kancane kakhulu kuzonciphisa inani labantu ngehektha ngalinye.
5. Ukuvundisa
I-Cavendish isitshalo esidinga izidingo ezibalulekile zezakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen (N) ukuze kukhule izitshalo, i-phosphorus (P) yezimpande, kanye ne-potassium (K) ukuze kwakheke izithelo kanye nekhwalithi yeqoqo. Umanyolo kufanele usekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwenhlabathi, kodwa abalimi bangafaka inhlanganisela yamanyolo angokwemvelo kanye nalawo angamakhemikhali kancane kancane.
Umquba noma umquba kusetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyisisekelo ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi nokwandisa amagciwane awusizo. Umanyolo ongaphili usetshenziswa kancane kancane, uqala ezinyangeni eziyi-1-2 ngemva kokutshala, bese uphindaphindwa njalo ngokwesigaba sokukhula. Izidingo ze-potassium ziyanda phakathi nesikhathi esiholela ekuqhakazeni nasekubunjweni kwezithelo. Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo ngendilinga ezungeze isiqu, hhayi eduze kakhulu nesisekelo ukuze ugweme ukushisa izimpande. Bese, mboza ngengqimba encane yomhlabathi namanzi noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
6. Ukunisela Nokukhipha Amanzi
Amanzi yiwona abangela umkhawulo omkhulu emasimini amaningi kabhanana. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kubangela ukuphuzi kwamaqabunga, ukukhula okulimele, kanye nokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Ukunisela kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela ngesandla, ukunisela ngemisele, noma ukunisela ngokucwilisa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugcwala kwamanzi kufanele kuvinjelwe ngokwakha imisele yokudonsa amanzi phakathi kwezintaba nokugcina amanzi efanelekile, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semvula.
I-mulch eyenziwe ngotshani, amaqabunga omile, noma imfucumfucu yezitshalo ingasetshenziswa ukugcina umswakama, ukucindezela ukhula, kanye nokwengeza izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini. I-mulch iphinde isize ekuqiniseni izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi.
7. Ukunakekelwa: Ukuhlanzwa, Ukususa Ukhula, kanye Nokuthena
Ukususa ukhula kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokutshala lapho izithombo zisencane. Ukhula lungancintisana ngamanzi nezakhamzimba futhi lunikeze izindawo zokucasha izinambuzane. Ukususa ukhula kungenziwa ngesandla, ngomshini, noma kuhlanganiswe nokufaka umquba. Kumelwe kuqashelwe lapho kufakwa imithi yokubulala ukhula ukuze kugwenywe ukuthintana nezitshalo.
I-Cavendish ikhula ngamaqoqo, ngakho-ke idinga ukutshala ngendlela efanele. Ngokuvamile, ama-tiller angu-1-2 agcinwa njengezindawo ezingase zithathe indawo yesitshalo esingumama ukuze kukhiqizwe njalo, kuyilapho amanye ama-tiller enqunywa. Amaqabunga amadala noma anesifo ayasuswa ukuze kuncishiswe imithombo yokugonywa kwezifo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukujikeleza komoya.
8. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Inselele yokulima i-Cavendish yizinambuzane nezifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta izimpande, iziqu ezingabonakali, namaqabunga. Izinambuzane ezivamile zifaka phakathi izibungu zesiqu, izimbungulu, kanye ne-nematode. Ukulawula kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlanzeka kwengadi, ukusetshenziswa kwembewu enempilo, izicupho, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo noma izibulala-zinambuzane njengoba kudingeka.
Izifo ezibalulekile zikabhanana zifaka phakathi amabala amaqabunga, ukubola kwezimpande, kanye nokubuna, okungadala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelashwa, njengoba ezinye izifo ezithwalwa inhlabathi kunzima ukuzilawula uma sezisakazekile. Imikhuba yokuphatha ehlanganisiwe (i-IPM) inconywa kakhulu: ukugcina ingadi yezithelo ihlanzekile, ukususa izinto zezitshalo ezinesifo, ukuthuthukisa amanzi agelezayo, ukujikeleza izitshalo noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kanye nokusebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezingenazo izifo.
9. Ukusekela Iqembu, Ukuthena Inhliziyo, Nokusonga
Njengoba izigaxa zikhula zibe zinkulu, izitshalo zisengozini yokuwa ngenxa yesisindo esinzima noma ukupheshulwa umoya. Ngakho-ke, kufakwa izisekelo (izigxobo) ukuze kusekelwe izimpande ezingezona ezemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zikabhanana zinganqunywa ngemva kokuba amaqoqo ezithelo esevele enziwe ngokuphelele ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza yezakhamzimba futhi kucindezelwe izinambuzane ezithile.
Ukusonga izingcezu ngepulasitiki ekhethekile noma ezinye izinto zokuvikela kuvame ukwenziwa eCavendish ukuze kugcinwe isikhumba sibushelelezi, kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana, futhi kuvikelwe ezinambuzaneni. Ukusonga kusiza futhi ukukhiqiza umbala wezithelo ofanayo.
10. Ukuvuna kanye Nokuvunwa Kwangemva Kokuvuna
Izithelo ze-cavendish zivame ukuvunwa lapho izithelo sezivuthiwe kodwa zisaluhlaza, ikakhulukazi uma zithengiswa ngaphandle kwesifunda noma zingena emikhakheni yesimanje yokuhlinzeka. Izimpawu zezithelo ezilungele ukuvunwa zifaka phakathi usayizi omkhulu, amakhona ayindilinga, kanye namaqoqo agcwele. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza inqwaba. Ngokuvamile kudingeka abantu ababili: oyedwa ubamba inqwaba, omunye usika isiqu.
Ngemva kokuvunwa, izingcezu ziyahlanzwa, zihlungwe, futhi zigezwe uma kudingeka. Izithelo ezingena emakethe yesimanje ngokuvamile zilinganiswa ngokusekelwe kusayizi kanye nekhwalithi yesikhumba. Ukugcinwa kwenziwa endaweni epholile, ehlanzekile. Ngokwesilinganiso sezentengiselwano, ukuvuthwa kulawulwa kusetshenziswa amakamelo okuvuthwa ukuqinisekisa umbala ofanayo kanye nokuvuthwa okufanayo.
I-Penutup
Amasu okulima ubhanana waseCavendish adinga ukunemba kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Ukukhetha imbewu enempilo, ukulima umhlabathi omanzi kahle, ukusebenzisa umanyolo ofanele, ukuchelela njalo, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo okuhlanganisiwe kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izigaxa zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngemikhuba efanele yokulima kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezitshalo okuhlelekile, iCavendish ingaba yimpahla enenzuzo futhi eqhubekayo kubalimi.
