Ukukhula Komphakathi Womhlaba kanye Nowase-Indonesia Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi
Ukukhula kwenani labantu kuyinto ebalulekile ezifundweni zabantu, kuthinta kakhulu izici ezahlukene zokuphila, okuhlanganisa nezici zezomnotho, ezenhlalo kanye nezemvelo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela ukukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nase-Indonesia okuye kwashintsha ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nemiphumela yako engaba khona esikhathini esizayo.
Ukukhula Komphakathi Womhlaba
Umlando wokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni udlule ezigabeni eziningana ezinkulu zentuthuko. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempucuko yabantu, inani labantu emhlabeni likhule kancane kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yanamuhla, cishe ngekhulu le-17, inani labantu emhlabeni lalicishe libe yizigidi ezingama-500 kuphela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amazinga okukhula kwabantu ayephansi kakhulu ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okufa abangelwa yizifo, impi, kanye nendlala.
Nokho, ngokuqala kweNguquko Yezimboni ngekhulu le-18, kwaba nezinguquko ezibalulekile. Izinto ezitholakele kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezolimo, ezempilo kanye nobuchwepheshe kwathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila futhi kwanciphisa kakhulu amazinga okufa. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga okukhula kwabantu anda kakhulu.
Ekhulwini lama-20, izinga lokukhula kwabantu emhlabeni lafinyelela phezulu. Phakathi kweminyaka yama-1960 kanye nama-1970, izinga lokukhula kwabantu lafinyelela cishe ku-2% ngonyaka, izinga elingakaze libonwe emlandweni wesintu. Lokhu kwakubangelwa kakhulu yinguquko eluhlaza, eyakhulisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nokutholakala kwemithi yokugoma, eyanciphisa amazinga okufa.
Ngo-1987, inani labantu emhlabeni lafinyelela ku-5 billion, kwathi ngo-1999, lase likhuphuke laya ku-6 billion. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinga lokukhula liye laqala ukwehla kancane kancane, kodwa inani labantu liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngo-2021, inani labantu emhlabeni lilinganiselwa ukuthi selidlule ku-7,9 billion.
Esinye isici esibalulekile esithonya ukukhula kwenani labantu yisimo sokushintsha kwenani labantu, lapho amazwe asathuthuka ngokuvamile ebhekana nokwehla kwenani lokuzalwa ngemva kokubhekana nokwanda kwenani lokuzalwa ngenxa yempilo engcono kanye nenhlalakahle yezomnotho.
Ukwanda Kwenani Labantu e-Indonesia
Njengezwe lesine elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni, ukukhula kwenani labantu base-Indonesia kudlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheni kwenani labantu emhlabeni jikelele. Umlando wokukhula kwenani labantu base-Indonesia nawo ubonisa iphethini efanayo neyamanye amazwe omhlaba, kodwa ngezici zesifunda ezihlukile.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani labantu base-Indonesia lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-40 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokukhululeka ekubusweni yikoloni ngo-1945, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia waqala ukuqondisa izinqubomgomo zokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi, okwaholela ekwandeni kokukhula kwabantu.
Ngawo-1970, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia waqala ukuqaphela izinselele zokukhula okusheshayo kwenani labantu futhi wethula uhlelo lokuhlela umndeni. Lolu hlelo lwaluhlose ukunciphisa izinga lokuzalwa ngemfundo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ezitholakala kalula. Umthelela wohlelo wawumkhulu, izinga lokukhula laqala ukwehla yize inani labantu lilonke laqhubeka nokwanda.
Ngo-1990, inani labantu base-Indonesia lafinyelela cishe ezigidini ezingu-180, labe selikhuphuka laya ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu yeminyaka. Ngo-2021, inani labantu lilinganiselwa ukuthi lidlula izigidi ezingu-270. Lokhu kukhula bekungalingani kulo lonke elase-Indonesia, kanti iJava, isiqhingi esinabantu abaningi, ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu.
Imiphumela kanye Nezinselele Zokukhula Komphakathi
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwenani labantu, emhlabeni wonke nase-Indonesia, kuletha izinselele nemiphumela eyahlukahlukene. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ukuqinisekisa ukudla okwanele, amanzi, kanye nezinye izinsizakusebenza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenani labantu elikhulayo. Ukukhula kwenani labantu nakho kuthinta izinguquko zemvelo, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuncipha kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokungcola.
Ngokomnotho, ukukhula kwenani labantu kungaba yimbangela yokukhula komnotho uma kusekelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yezinsizakusebenza zabantu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuhlela kahle, ukukhula okusheshayo kungaholela ekwandeni kobumpofu kanye nokungalingani komphakathi. Imfundo kanye nempilo kumele kubekwe phambili ukuze kusekelwe ikhono labantu lokufaka isandla entuthukweni kazwelonke.
Ikusasa Lokukhula Komphakathi
Izilinganiso zesikhathi esizayo zibonisa ukuthi ukukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka kuqhubeke, yize kungesivinini esizinzile. Ngokusho kombiko weZizwe Ezihlangene, inani labantu emhlabeni wonke lingafinyelela cishe ku-9,7 billion ngo-2050. Iningi lalokhu kukhula kulindeleke ukuthi lenzeke emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia.
E-Indonesia, yize amazinga okukhula eseqalile ukwehla, ingcindezi yabantu isalokhu iyinkinga ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ehlobene nokukhula kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nokusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwentuthuko phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya. Amadolobha amakhulu ase-Indonesia azoqhubeka nokukhula, eletha izinselelo engqalasizinda, ezokuthutha kanye nezindlu.
Njengoba bebhekene nalezi zinselele, izinqubomgomo ezigxile entuthukweni esimeme zibalulekile. Ohulumeni kudingeka bacabangele ngasikhathi sinye izici zemvelo, ezomnotho, kanye nezenhlalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zesizukulwane samanje ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhono lezizukulwane ezizayo lokuhlangabezana nezidingo zazo.
Isiphetho
Ukuphatha ukukhula kwenani labantu kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi odinga ukunakwa kanye nesenzo kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi. Ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kuzothinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqonda kahle ukuguquguquka kokukhula kwenani labantu kanye nemiphumela yako kuvumela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zenqubomgomo ezifanele ukuze ukukhula kwenani labantu kube yisisusa sentuthuko esimeme nehlanganisa wonke umuntu, kokubili emhlabeni jikelele nasendaweni, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia.
