Izinhlobo Zemishini Yokudoba Enobungani Nemvelo
Ukudoba kuwumkhakha obalulekile onegalelo elikhulu emnothweni womhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni anogwini olude. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi uvame ukuba nemiphumela emibi ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle, njengokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinhlobo ezingahlosiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokudoba enobungani nemvelo kubalulekile ekusekeleni ukuzinza kwezinsiza zasolwandle.
1. I-Gill Net enezinguquko ezinobungani nemvelo
Ama-Gillnet angenye yezindlela zokudoba ezivame kakhulu. Asebenza ngokufaka izinhlanzi enetheni bese ezibamba ngama-gill awo. Kodwa-ke, la manetha avame ukubamba izinhlobo ezingafuneki noma ezivikelwe.
Ukuze ama-gillnet abe nobungane kakhulu nemvelo, kungenziwa izinguquko ezifana nokusebenzisa amanetha anosayizi omkhulu we-mesh. Usayizi omkhulu we-mesh uvumela izinhlanzi ezincane noma izinhlobo ezingafuneki ukubaleka, ngakho-ke kubanjwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amadivayisi akhethiwe njengokukhanya kwe-LED noma amaphaneli e-acoustic angasetshenziswa ukuxosha izinhlobo ezingezona ezihlosiwe.
2. Izinto Zokudoba Ezingenazo Izingwegwe (Amadivayisi Okuhlanganisa Izinhlanzi, Ama-FAD)
Ama-FAD ayizakhiwo zokwenziwa noma zemvelo ezibekwe olwandle ukuze zidonse izinhlanzi. Lawa madivayisi awanazo izingwegwe noma amanetha, ngakho awabambi izinhlanzi ngqo. Izinhlanzi ezidonswa ama-FAD zingabanjwa kusetshenziswa amanye amasu akhethekile futhi anobungani nemvelo.
Ama-FAD anenzuzo yokunciphisa ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungahleliwe, okuyinkinga evamile ezindleleni zokudoba zendabuko. Ukusebenzisa ama-FAD kuvumela abadobi ukuthi babone futhi babambe izinhlobo ezihlosiwe kalula ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ezinye izindawo zemvelo.
3. Inethi yeTrammel
Amanethi e-trammel ayinhlobonhlobo ekhethekayo neyinobungani nemvelo yamanethi e-gill. Aqukethe izendlalelo ezintathu ze-mesh: ungqimba oluncane lwangaphakathi kanye nezendlalelo ezimbili ezinkulu zangaphandle. Uma izinhlanzi zibhukuda zingena enetheni, zibanjwa ungqimba olungaphakathi kodwa zisenendawo yokuphefumula.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yamanethi e-trammel yikhono lawo lokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngenkathi evumela izinhlanzi ezincane nezinhlobo ezingahlosiwe ukuba ziphume. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle.
4. Isikhwama Semali Esinezinguquko
Ama-seine esikhwama ayindlela yokudoba ephumelelayo yokubamba izinhlanzi eziningi, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi zaselwandle ezifana ne-tuna nama-sardine. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ivame ukuholela ekubanjweni okungahleliwe, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa nezivikelwe njengezimfudu namahlengethwa.
Ukuze kuncishiswe le miphumela emibi, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okukhetha njenge-"Dolphin Deterrent Devices" kanye nokuguqulwa kwenethi ukuvumela izinhlanzi ezingezona eziqondiwe ukuba ziphume kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile. Ezinye izinkampani zokudoba nazo zamukele ubuchwepheshe obuvumela abadobi ukuthi bavale amanetha abo ngokushesha, okunciphisa isikhathi lapho izinhlanzi ezingezona eziqondiwe zibanjwa khona.
5. Ugibe (Ugibe Lwezinhlanzi)
Izicupho zezinhlanzi zingenye yezindlela ezinobungani nemvelo kakhulu zokubamba izinhlanzi. Lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezinobungani nemvelo ezifana noqalo noma ukhuni, futhi aklanyelwe ukuvumela izinhlanzi ezithile ukuthi zingene kodwa azivimbele ukuba ziphume. Izicupho zivame ukubekwa ezindaweni eziqondile lapho izinhlanzi zivame ukuhlangana khona.
Izinzuzo zezicupho yikhono lazo lokubamba izinhlanzi ngokukhetha, ukunciphisa ukubanjwa okungahleliwe, nokunciphisa umonakalo wendawo yokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi, okwenza zibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ziqhubeke isikhathi eside.
6. Ukudoba Ngemikhonto
Ukudoba ngemicibisholo kungenye yezindlela zokudoba ezinobungani nemvelo kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha nangokuzibophezela. Le ndlela idinga amasu akhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe futhi ivame ukwenziwa ngababhukudi abangochwepheshe.
Ngenxa yokuthi abacibisheli bangakhetha ngqo izithako, le ndlela inciphisa ukubanjwa okungafanele futhi ayibangeli umonakalo endaweni yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukudoba ngemikhonto kumele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwemithetho nemigomo eqinile ukuvimbela ukudoba ngokweqile nokuvikela imvelo yasolwandle.
7. Umugqa omude onezinguquko ezinobungani nemvelo
Ukudoba ngentambo ende kuyindlela yokudoba esebenzisa umugqa omude onezingwegwe eziningi. Nakuba isebenza kahle, le ndlela ingabangela ukubanjwa okungavamile, okuhlanganisa izinyoni zasolwandle, izimfudu kanye noshaka.
Ukuze kwenziwe imigqa emide ibe nobungane nemvelo, kuye kwasungulwa izinto ezintsha eziningana, njengokusebenzisa izingwegwe ezigobile kanye nezisindo ezibekwe eduze kwengwegwe. Lezi zinguquko zisiza ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa kwezinyoni zasolwandle futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ingwegwe ibekwa ekujuleni lapho izinhlobo ezingezona ezihlosiwe zingabanjwa khona kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezicupho zokwenziwa ezingadonsi izinhlobo ezingezona ezihlosiwe nakho kungasetshenziswa.
8. Inethi Yokudoba Enezinguquko
Ukudoba ngokubamba kungenye yezindlela zokudoba ezibhubhisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa phansi kolwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngezinguquko ezahlukahlukene, imiphumela yako emibi ingancishiswa. Ukuguqulwa okubalulekile ukusetshenziswa kwe-"Bycatch Reduction Devices" (BRDs) kanye ne-Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs), okuvumela izinhlobo nezimfudu ezingezona eziqondiwe ukuba ziphume emanetheni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela zokubamba ezinobungani nemvelo ezifana "nokudoba ngama-semi-pelagic," okuvimbela inetha ukuthi lingathinti phansi kolwandle, okunciphisa umonakalo wendawo yokuhlala. Ubuchwepheshe be-electro-acoustic bungasiza futhi ekuqondiseni izinhlanzi eziqondiwe zingene enethini ngenkathi kuxoshwa izinhlobo ezingezona eziqondiwe.
Isiphetho
Ukudoba okusimeme akukhona nje kuphela ngokugcina izinhlanzi olwandle kodwa futhi nokuvikela indawo yonke yasolwandle. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokudoba enobungani nemvelo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni lo mgomo. Ngokushintsha nokusungula umklamo wemishini yokudoba, singanciphisa umthelela wethu omubi emvelweni ngenkathi sisahlangabezana nesidingo esibalulekile sabantu samaprotheni ezinhlanzi.
Ukudoba okusimeme kuwumthwalo wemfanelo wethu sonke. Ngokubeka phambili ubuchwepheshe obunobungani nemvelo kanye nemikhuba yokudoba ehloniphekile, asigcini nje ngokuvikela izinhlanzi olwandle kodwa futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zingajabulela izinsiza zasolwandle ezifanayo esinazo namuhla.
