Izici Zezomthetho Emisebenzini Yokudoba
Ukudoba kuyimboni ebalulekile emnothweni wamazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia. Njengesizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esihlala ezindaweni ezizungezile, i-Indonesia inamandla amakhulu okudoba. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kwezinsiza zokudoba kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kwezomthetho ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kanye nokulinganisela phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nemizamo yokulondoloza. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezici eziningana ezibalulekile zomthetho ezihlobene nemisebenzi yokudoba e-Indonesia.
Uhlaka Lwezomthetho Lwezokudoba e-Indonesia
Uhlaka lwezomthetho lokudoba e-Indonesia lulawulwa yimithetho ehlukahlukene, imithetho kahulumeni, kanye nemithetho yesifunda. Umthetho No. 45 ka-2009 mayelana nezichibiyelo zoMthetho No. 31 ka-2004 mayelana nokudoba yisona sisekelo esiyinhloko sezomthetho esilawula izindaba ezahlukene ezihlobene nokudoba, kusukela ekulondolozweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza kuya ekuqondisweni nasekuphoqelelweni komthetho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemithethonqubo eminingana yokusebenzisa kanye nemithethonqubo evela kwezinye elawula ngqo izici ezithile zemisebenzi yokudoba. Isibonelo, uMthetho Kahulumeni No. 60 ka-2007 ophathelene nokulondolozwa kwezinsizakusebenza zezinhlanzi kanye noMthetho kaNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zasolwandle kanye Nezokudoba No. 30 ka-2012 ophathelene namabhizinisi okudoba izinhlanzi.
Ukunikezwa Kwelayisense Nokuphathwa Kwezinsiza Zokudoba
Esinye isici esibalulekile somthetho wokudoba siphathelene nokunikezwa kwelayisensi kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza. Imvume yokudoba (i-SIPI) kanye nemvume yebhizinisi lokudoba (i-SIUP) yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimvume ezidingekayo kulabo abafisa ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokudoba noma emabhizinisini okudoba.
Le mvume ikhishwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yokudoba iqhutshwa ngokomthetho nangokuhlelekile, futhi ngokuhambisana namandla kanye nomthamo wezinsiza zokudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume iphinde ihlinzekele ukuqoqwa kwezibalo zokudoba, okuwusizo ekwakheni izinqubomgomo zokuphathwa kokudoba.
Ukulondolozwa Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo
Izici zomthetho zemisebenzi yokudoba zihlanganisa nokulondolozwa nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Elinye ithuluzi elibalulekile lomthetho kulokhu uMthetho Nombolo 32 ka-2009 ophathelene nokuvikelwa nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Lo mthetho ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle kanye nezinsizakusebenza zezinhlanzi ukuze zisetshenziswe ngendlela esimeme.
Izindawo ezivikelwe olwandle (ama-MPA) nazo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubomgomo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Isibonelo, ama-Marine National Parks, alawulwa yi-Ministry of Environment and Forestry, asebenza ukuvikela izindawo zokuhlala zasolwandle kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le mizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo ihlanganisa nemithethonqubo ephathelene nemishini yokudoba enobungani nemvelo kanye nezindlela.
Ukuqiniswa Komthetho Nokubheka
Ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuyisici esibalulekile sokulawula imisebenzi yokudoba. Ukwephulwa okuhlukahlukene kulo mkhakha akuvamile, kusukela ekudobeni okungekho emthethweni, okungabikwa, nokungalawulwa (ukudoba nge-IUU) kuya ekuphulweni kwezimvume kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
Ukuqiniswa komthetho emkhakheni wezokudoba kuhilela izinhlaka ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa uMnyango Wezindaba Zasolwandle Nezokudoba (KKP), i-Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), kanye ne-Indonesian Navy (TNI AL). Basebenzisana ukwenza ukuqapha nokuhlola, kanye nokuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nokwephulwa komthetho emanzini ase-Indonesia.
Umthelela Wezenhlalo Nezomnotho Womthetho Wezokudoba
Izici zomthetho zemisebenzi yokudoba nazo zinemiphumela yezenhlalo nezomnotho emiphakathini ehilelekile kulo mkhakha. Ukuphathwa kwamalayisense okufanele kunganikeza isiqiniseko esisemthethweni kubadobi namabhizinisi okudoba, okubavumela ukuthi benze imisebenzi yezomnotho ngokuthula kwengqondo nangokusimama.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphoqelelwa komthetho okungazinqumeli noma okungahleliwe kungadala ukungaqiniseki futhi kulimaze abadobi abadoba ngezinga elincane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni asebenzise umthetho ngendlela efanele nangokusobala futhi anikeze abadobi isiqondiso ukuze baqonde futhi bahambisane nemithetho ekhona.
Ukubambisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nezifunda
Njengezwe elinemithombo eminingi yasolwandle, i-Indonesia ibandakanyeka ekubambisaneni okuhlukahlukene kwamazwe ngamazwe nakwesifunda ukulawula nokuqapha imisebenzi yokudoba. Okunye ukubambisana okunjalo kungohlelo lweSifunda Lokukhuthaza Imikhuba Yokudoba Enesibopho, okuhlanganisa nokulwa Nokudoba Okungekho Emthethweni, Okungabikwayo, Nokungalawulwa (IUU) Esifundeni (RPOA-IUU).
Lokhu kubambisana kuhilela amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nesifunda sasePacific ukuze kuxazululwe ngokubambisana udaba lokudoba lwe-IUU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Indonesia iyilungu lezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), enezinhlelo ezihlobene nokuphathwa kokudoba okusimeme.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Ekuphathweni Kwezokudoba
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni izici zomthetho zemisebenzi yokudoba. Izinhlelo Zokuqapha Imikhumbi (i-VMS) kanye ne-Electronic Fish Catch Documentation and Trackability (e-Catch) ziphakathi kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuqapha nokubhala phansi imisebenzi yokudoba ngesikhathi sangempela.
Lobu buchwepheshe benza ukwengamela ukudoba kube ngcono futhi kube sobala. Buphinde busize ekuvimbeleni nasekushushiseni ukudoba kwe-IUU futhi buqinisekisa ukuthi ukudoba kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo.
Izinselele kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo
Naphezu kokuba khona kwezindlela zomthetho nezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene, kusenezinselelo ezinkulu ekuphatheni ukudoba e-Indonesia. Ukudoba nge-IUU kusalokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, okwandiswa yimikhawulo yokuqapha kanye nokuqiniswa komthetho. Ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo phakathi kwamabhizinisi amakhulu nabadobi abancane nakho kuyinselele okudingeka ixazululwe.
Noma kunjalo, amathemba esikhathi esizayo okuphathwa kwezokudoba e-Indonesia akhanya kakhulu. Njengoba uhulumeni nabanye abathintekayo benakisisa kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kunethemba lokuthi ukuphathwa kwezokudoba kungaba ngcono futhi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside.
Isiphetho
Izici zomthetho zemisebenzi yokudoba zihlanganisa izinkinga eziningi, kusukela ekunikezweni kwamalayisense nokulondolozwa kwemvelo kuya ekuqinisekisweni komthetho kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqiniswa komthetho okufanele kulo mkhakha kubalulekile hhayi nje ekuzinzeni kwezinsiza zemvelo kodwa futhi nasenhlalakahleni yemiphakathi encike emkhakheni wokudoba. Ngokuzibophezela kwabo bonke abathintekayo, kunethemba lokuthi ukuphathwa kokudoba e-Indonesia kuzoqhubeka nokusebenza kahle futhi kuhlinzeke ngezinzuzo eziphezulu kubo bonke abathintekayo.
