Isitoreji Sedatha Yedijithali: Ubuchwepheshe Nokuvela Kwabo
Ukugcinwa kwedatha yedijithali kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhathi sobuchwepheshe bolwazi banamuhla. Kuleli zwe elihlala lishintsha, isidingo sokugcina, ukuphatha, nokufinyelela idatha ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo sesibe yinto ebalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngobuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwedatha yedijithali, kusukela emlandweni wabo kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwamuva, nokuthi bushintshe kanjani indlela esisebenza futhi sixhumana ngayo.
Umlando Omfushane Wokugcina Idatha Yedijithali
Umlando wokugcina idatha yedijithali ungalandelelwa emuva maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Ekuqaleni, ukugcina idatha kwakwenziwa kusetshenziswa amakhadi okubhoboza kanye netheyiphu yamagnetic. Zombili lezi zindlela zokudlulisa idatha zazivumela ukugcinwa kwedatha okulinganiselwe kanye nesivinini sokufinyelela esihamba kancane kakhulu.
Ngo-1956, i-IBM yethula idivayisi yokugcina ama-hard disk yokuqala, i-IBM 305 RAMAC. Le hard disk yayinomthamo wokugcina ongama-megabytes angu-5, okwakubhekwa njengokukhulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ama-hard disk ayesebenzisa ama-spinning magnetic platets ukugcina idatha, futhi lobu buchwepheshe baqhubeka buyisisekelo samadivayisi amaningi okugcina idatha amashumi eminyaka azayo.
Uguquko Lwesitoreji: Kusukela Kuma-Hard Disk Kuya Kuma-Solid State Drives
Ngawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, umthamo wokugcina ama-hard disk waqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, isivinini sokufinyelela saqhubeka siyinselele enkulu. Kwabe sekuthi, ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, kwavela ubuchwepheshe obusha obaziwa ngokuthi i-Solid State Drive (SSD). Ama-SSD asebenzisa imemori ye-flash ukugcina idatha, okuvumela ukufinyelela idatha ngokushesha kakhulu kune-hard drive evamile.
Ama-SSD awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo njenge-hard drive, okwenza amelane kakhulu nokushaqeka kanye nomonakalo ongokwenyama. Aphinde asebenzise amandla kahle, okwenza abe ukukhetha okungcono kwamadivayisi aphathekayo njengama-laptop nama-smartphone.
Isitoreji Samafu
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi kuholele enkathini yokugcina amafu. Isitoreji samafu sivumela abasebenzisi ukugcina idatha yabo kumaseva aphethwe abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo njenge-Google Drayivu, i-Dropbox, kanye ne-Amazon Web Services. Idatha ingafinyelelwa kusuka noma kuphi, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, uma nje kunokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi.
Isitoreji samafu sinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusabalala, ukufinyeleleka kalula, kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesitoreji esingokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, siphinde sibe nezinselele, njengokukhathazeka kobumfihlo kanye nokuphepha kwedatha. Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo kumele baqinisekise ukuthi idatha yomsebenzisi ivikelwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokugcina Isitoreji Sesikhathi Esizayo
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha. Enye yentuthuko yakamuva ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina obusekelwe ku-DNA. I-DNA inamandla amakhulu okugcina futhi ingagcina idatha eningi endaweni encane kakhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe busesesigabeni sokucwaninga, kodwa bunamandla okuguqula indlela esigcina ngayo idatha esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ucwaningo oluqhubekayo emkhakheni wesitoreji se-quantum. Isitoreji se-quantum sisebenzisa izimiso ze-quantum mechanics ukugcina nokucubungula idatha. Lobu buchwepheshe busesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa, kodwa bunamandla okunikeza isivinini esikhulu kakhulu kanye namandla okugcina kunobuchwepheshe bamanje.
Izinselele Ekugcinweni Kwedatha Yedijithali
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokugcina izinto buthuthuke ngokushesha, kusenezinselele eziningana okusamele zixazululwe. Enye yalezi ukusimama. Ukukhiqiza amadivayisi okugcina izinto, ikakhulukazi ama-hard drive nama-SSD, kudinga izinto ezingawunaki umvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la madivayisi aphila isikhathi esilinganiselwe futhi ngokuvamile kunzima ukuwasebenzisa kabusha.
Enye inselele ukuphepha kwedatha. Njengoba idatha eningi igcinwa ngedijithali, izinsongo zokuphepha kwedatha nazo ziyanda. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi njenge-ransomware kanye nokwebiwa kwedatha kuya ngokuya kuvama. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obungcono bokuphepha kubalulekile ekuvikeleni idatha yomsebenzisi.
Ukugcinwa Kwedatha Esikhathini Sedatha Enkulu kanye ne-IoT
Isikhathi se-Big Data kanye ne-Internet of Things (IoT) siletha izinselele ezintsha namathuba okugcina idatha yedijithali. I-Big Data ibhekisela kumasethi edatha amakhulu kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi angenakucutshungulwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zendabuko. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinselele, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina idatha kumele bukwazi ukuphatha amanani amakhulu edatha ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IoT ihilela izigidi zamadivayisi axhunyiwe akhiqiza idatha eningi njalo ngomzuzwana. Le datha kumele igcinwe, ihlaziywe, futhi ifinyelelwe ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze isekele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kusukela emakhaya ahlakaniphile kuya ezimotweni ezizimele.
Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokubala okuseceleni kanye nesitoreji esisatshalaliswe buqala ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kulo mongo. Ukubala okuseceleni kuvumela ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ukuthi kwenziwe eduze komthombo wedatha, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Isitoreji esisatshalaliswe sivumela idatha ukuthi igcinwe ezindaweni eziningi ukuze kwandiswe ukuphindaphindeka kanye nokutholakala.
Isiphetho
Ukugcinwa kwedatha yedijithali kungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesikhathi sobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Kusukela kumakhadi aqhunyiwe kuya kusitoreji se-quantum, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina buye baba noshintsho olukhulu. Naphezu kwezinselele eziningi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokuvula amathuba amasha okugcina nokuphatha idatha ngendlela ephumelelayo nangokuphephile.
Emashumini eminyaka ezayo, singalindela ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha, obuyinkimbinkimbi bokugcina obukwazi ukusingatha izidingo zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukugcinwa kwedatha yedijithali kuzohlala kuyinsika yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha esikhathini esizayo.
