I-capacitor iyithuluzi eligcina ukushaja kukagesi kanye namandla angase abe khona . I-capacitor elula inamapuleti amabili okuhambisa noma amashidi abekwe eduze kodwa angathintani, ahlukaniswe yi-insulator noma i-vacuum. I-conductor iyizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi, njengensimbi, kanti i-insulator iyizinto ezingakwazi ukuqhuba ugesi, njengepulasitiki.
Ekuqaleni, womabili ama-conductor awakhethi ugesi. Ukuze omunye umqhubi ashajwe kahle kanti omunye ashajwe kabi, ama-electron kumele adluliselwe kusuka komunye umqhubi aye komunye. Ama-electron atholakala ebusweni bama-athomu ngakho-ke athuthwa kalula. Ngemva kokuba ama-electron esuke komunye umqhubi aye komunye, omunye umqhubi uba nama-electron amaningi (ukuntuleka kwama-proton) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ashajwe kabi, kuyilapho omunye umqhubi enama-electron amaningi (ama-proton amaningi) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ashajwe kahle. Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokushaja i-capacitor ixoxwa ngayo esihlokweni. isitoreji samandla kagesi kuma-capacitor.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esiseceleni, elinye lamapuleti omqhubi lishajwe kahle (+Q) kanti elinye ipuleti lomqhubi lishajwe kabi (-Q). Ishaja kagesi epuletini ngalinye linani elifanayo kodwa liphambene nophawu ukuze ishaja iyonke ibe ngu-zero (QQ=0). Ukuba khona kwamacala kagesi anobukhulu obufanayo nophawu oluphambene nophawu epuletini ngalinye kudala umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwala mapuleti amabili. Umqhubi oshajwe kahle unamandla kagesi aphezulu kuyilapho umqhubi oshajwe kabi enamandla kagesi aphansi. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona insimu kagesi phakathi kwala mapuleti amabili ashajwe, lapho isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sisuka ekushajweni okuhle kuya ekushajweni okubi. Njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho esihlokweni samandla kagesi, uma kukhona insimu kagesi noma umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwala mapuleti amabili omqhubi khona-ke kumele kube namandla kagesi kuwo womabili amapuleti.
Amandla angase asebenze yikhono lokwenza umsebenzi. Uma i-capacitor igcina amandla angase asebenze kagesi, inekhono lokwenza umsebenzi. Eqinisweni, ama-capacitor anezindlela eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ama-capacitor ayisici esibalulekile kumasekethe kagesi, okuyiwona ayisisekelo samadivayisi ahlukahlukene kagesi.
