Ukubaluleka Kokuhlola Okuyiqiniso Ekufundeni
Emfundweni, ukuhlola kungaphezu nje kokunikeza amamaki emiphumeleni yokufunda yabafundi. Ukuhlola kufanele kube yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokufunda, kusize othisha baqonde intuthuko yabafundi, kuhlonze amandla nobuthakathaka babo, futhi kusize izikole ziqinisekise ukuthi imigomo yokufunda iyafezwa. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokuhlola kwangempela uya ngokuya ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlola kwangempela kugcizelela ukuhlolwa kwangempela, okuphathelene nomongo, kanye nokwempilo, hhayi nje ukubamba ngekhanda noma amakhono okuxazulula imibuzo enezinketho eziningi. Ngokuhlola kwangempela, inqubo yokufunda iba nenjongo kakhulu ngoba abafundi bahlolwa ngokusekelwe ekhonweni labo lokusebenzisa ulwazi namakhono ezimweni ezicishe zifane nezimo zangempela.
Ukuqonda ukuhlolwa kwangempela
Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso kuyindlela yokuhlola ehlola amakhono abafundi ngemisebenzi ebonisa imisebenzi yangempela empilweni yansuku zonke noma endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafundi abacelwa nje kuphela ukuthi baphendule imibuzo kodwa futhi nokudala imikhiqizo, benze imisebenzi, baxazulule izinkinga, futhi bazindle ngenqubo yokufunda. Lokhu kungathatha isimo samaphrojekthi, amaphothifoliyo, izethulo, izivivinyo, izivivinyo ezisebenzayo, imibiko, amajenali okuzindla, izingxoxo, kanye nokulingisa. Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso ngokuvamile kuhlola izici ezintathu ezibalulekile: ulwazi, amakhono, kanye nezimo zengqondo ngendlela elinganiselayo.
Ngokungafani nokuhlola okuvamile, okuvame ukugxila emphumeleni wokugcina, ukuhlola kwangempela kugxila enkambisweni. Othisha bangahlola ukuthi abafundi bahlela kanjani, babambisane kanjani, bafuna ulwazi kanjani, baphathe kanjani isikhathi, futhi balungise amaphutha. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola akuzona nje "izinqumo" zokulungile nokungalungile, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengethuluzi lokufunda ngokwalo.
Kungani ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuyadingeka?
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukuhlolwa kwangempela kudingeka kakhulu ekufundeni kwanamuhla.
1. Yenza ukufunda kube nenjongo futhi kube nomongo
Enye yezinkinga ngokuhlolwa okuvamile ukuthi abafundi bavame ukuzizwa sengathi bafundela ukuhlolwa kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, lokho kwaziswa kuyalibaleka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba baqonde lokho kwaziswa ngoba kudingeka bakusebenzise ezimweni zangempela. Isibonelo, ekufundeni ulimi lwesi-Indonesia, abafundi abacelwa nje kuphela ukuba baphendule imibuzo mayelana nemibhalo ekholisayo kodwa futhi bacelwa ukuba bakhe umkhankaso olula mayelana nezinkinga zemvelo esikoleni. Lo msebenzi uletha umqondo wokukholisa empilweni futhi uwenze uzizwe ufanelekile kakhulu.
2. Ukulinganisa amakhono okucabanga asezingeni eliphezulu (ama-HOTS)
Izwe lanamuhla lidinga amakhono okucabanga abucayi, okudala, okubambisana, kanye nokuxhumana. Imibuzo enezinketho eziningi iyasebenza, kodwa ivame ukukala inkumbulo nokuqonda kuphela. Ukuhlolwa okuyiqiniso kukwazi kangcono ukulinganisa ukuhlaziya, ukuhlola, kanye nobuciko. Lapho abafundi becelwa ukuba bakhe izixazululo zezinkinga, bahlole amandla nobuthakathaka bempikiswano, noma baklame umkhiqizo, basebenzisa amakhono okucabanga aphezulu abalulekile empilweni yangempela.
3. Khuthaza amakhono ekhulu lama-21
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuvame ukuhilela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukubambisana, ukuxhumana, kanye nolwazi lolwazi. Isibonelo, ezifundweni zomphakathi, abafundi banganikezwa iphrojekthi yokwakha imephu yokusatshalaliswa kwama-MSME endaweni ezungezile nokuhlaziya umthelela wawo emnothweni wendawo. Kule nqubo, abafundi bafunda ukuqoqa idatha, ukuqhuba izingxoxo, ukucubungula ulwazi, ukwethula okutholakele, nokusebenza ngamaqembu. Lawa makhono kunzima ukuwathuthukisa uma ukuhlolwa kukhawulelwe ezivivinyweni ezibhaliwe.
4. Inikeza isithombe esiphelele samakhono abafundi
Ukuhlolwa kwendabuko kuvame ukuveza isithombe esincane: abafundi abanekhono lokukhumbula izinto bangathola amaphuzu aphezulu, kuyilapho abafundi abanamakhono emisebenzini esebenzayo noma yokudala bangase bangabi namakhono anele. Ukuhlolwa okuyiqiniso kuvumela izindlela ezahlukene zokufunda kanye nekhono labafundi. Abafundi abavelele ezethulweni, izivivinyo zelebhu, noma amaphrojekthi okudala bangaqashelwa ngamakhono abo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlolwa okuyiqiniso kusiza othisha ukuba babone abafundi ngendlela enobuntu nephelele.
5. Hlakulela umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokuzindla ekufundeni
Ukuhlolwa okuyiqiniso kuvame ukufaka amarubrikhi, izindlela ezicacile, kanye nempendulo eqondiwe. Abafundi bafunda okulindelekile nokuthi bangakuthuthukisa kanjani. Lapho abafundi besebenza kumaphothifoliyo noma kumaphrojekthi, bafunda ukuhlela amasu abo okufunda, bazibekele imigomo, futhi bazindle ngemiphumela yabo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukufunda okuzilawulayo, okubalulekile ekufundeni impilo yonke.
Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwangempela
Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso kungasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izifundo, ngokushintshanisa izinhloso zokufunda.
– Izibalo: abafundi bacelwa ukuba balungiselele uhlelo lwesabelomali olulula lwemisebenzi yekilasi, babale izindleko futhi baqhathanise amanani, bese bethula imiphumela.
– Isayensi: abafundi benza izivivinyo zokukhula kwezitshalo, baqophe idatha, benze amagrafu, futhi bafinyelele iziphetho ngokusekelwe ekubonweni.
– IsiNgisi: abafundi bakha izingxoxo futhi bazijwayeze ngendlela yokudlala indima, bese kuhlolwa ngokushelela, ukubiza amagama, kanye nokunemba kwesakhiwo.
– Ubuciko Namasiko: abafundi bakha imisebenzi, bachaze imiqondo yabo, futhi babambe imibukiso emincane.
– I-PPKn: abafundi baxoxa ngezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezilula, ezihlolwa ngokusekelwe ezimpikiswaneni zabo, izimo zengqondo, kanye nekhono lokwazisa imibono.
Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, uthisha akagcini nje ngokuhlola okulungile nokungalungile, kodwa futhi uhlola inqubo, ubuhlakani, ukuxhumana, kanye nesimo sengqondo.
Izinselele kanye nendlela yokuzinqoba
Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwangempela nakho kubhekene nezinselele eziningana. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwangempela kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuklama imisebenzi, ukudala amarubrikhi, nokunikeza impendulo. Okwesibili, othisha kudingeka balondoloze ukungakhethi ukuze bagweme ukuhlolwa okucashile. Okwesithathu, abafundi abaningi bangenza kube nzima ukubona nokuhlola ukusebenza ngokuningiliziwe.
Noma kunjalo, lezi zinselele zinganqotshwa. Othisha bangasebenzisa amarubrikhi acacile futhi alula, basebenzise ukuhlolwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Google Classroom, amafomu edijithali, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zephothifoliyo ukuze kube lula ukubhala imibhalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kube ngcono ngamasu afana nokuhlolwa kweqembu, ukuzihlola, kanye nokuhlolwa kontanga, konke kuqondiswa yizindlela ezicacile.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ngoba kwenza ukufunda kube nenjongo, kufaneleke, futhi kuphelele. Ngokuhlola okuyiqiniso, abafundi abahlolwa kuphela ngokuthi bakhumbula kangakanani lokho okufundwayo, kodwa futhi nokuthi balusebenzisa kahle kangakanani ulwazi lwabo, babonise amakhono, futhi babonise isimo sengqondo esihle ngesikhathi senqubo yokufunda. Ukuhlola okuyiqiniso kusiza ekukhuthazeni ukucabanga okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye namakhono ekhulu lama-21, kuyilapho kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babe abafundi abazindlayo nabanomthwalo wemfanelo.
Phakathi kwezimfuno ezihlala zishintsha zaleso sikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izikole azikhiqizi nje kuphela abafundi abaphumelelayo ezivivinyweni, kodwa futhi nabantu abakulungele ukubhekana nezinkinga zangempela, abakwaziyo ukubambisana nokudala. Ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi sokuba ukuhlolwa kwangempela kubekwe njengengxenye eyinhloko yokufunda, hhayi nje into eyengeziwe.
