Imfundo Yezezimali Yezingane Ezincane
Imfundo yezezimali yezingane zakuqala inqubo yokwethula umqondo wemali, ukukhetha, kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha izinsiza ngendlela elula, ejabulisayo, nefanele ukukhula. Abazali abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izindaba zemali ziba yinto ebalulekile kuphela lapho izingane sezikhulile. Eqinisweni, imikhuba yezezimali iqala ukwakheka ebuntwaneni ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke: ukubuka abazali bethenga, bethola imali ephaketheni, bekhetha amathoyizi, noma begcinela okuthile abakufunayo. Ngendlela efanele, izingane zingafunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezidingo nezinto ezifunwayo, ziqaphele inani lemali, futhi ziqonde ukuthi zonke izinqumo zinemiphumela.
Kungani imfundo yezezimali kudingeka iqale kusenesikhathi?
Ubuntwana obuncane (cishe iminyaka emi-3-6 ubudala) yisikhathi lapho izingane zithola khona ulwazi ngokushesha futhi zithuthukise imikhuba. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izingane ziqala ukuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo njengenombolo, ukujika, imbangela nomphumela, kanye nemithetho. Imfundo yezezimali isebenzisa leli thuba ukukhuthaza izimo zengqondo ezifana nokubekezela, ukonga imali, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuntuleka kokuzikhandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo yezezimali yasekuqaleni ingasiza izingane ukunciphisa umkhuba "wokucela manje" ngoba zifunda ukuthi ukuthola okuthile kudinga inqubo: ukonga, ukulinda, noma ukubeka phambili izinto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfundo yezezimali ayigcini nje ngokuba "nekhono lokubala imali," kodwa imayelana nokwakha ubuntu namakhono okuphila. Izingane ezivame ukulibazisa ukwaneliseka futhi zenze izinqumo ezilula zivame ukuzethemba kakhudlwana, zikwazi kangcono ukulawula imizwa yazo lapho zidumele, futhi zihlakaniphe ekwenzeni izinqumo. Konke lokhu kunikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sobusha kanye nobudala.
Imiqondo yezezimali efanelekile ezinganeni ezincane
Ebuntwaneni, ulwazi kufanele ludluliselwe ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile, hhayi ngemfundiso. Nazi ezinye zezimiso ezifanele kakhulu:
1. Qonda imali nemisebenzi yayo
Izingane zidinga ukwazi ukuthi imali isetshenziselwa ukuthenga izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Sebenzisa izibonelo zansuku zonke: ukuthenga isinkwa esitolo sokudla, ukukhokhela indawo yokupaka, noma ukuthenga incwadi yezithombe.
2. Inani lemali (ngamagama alula)
Izingane zingafunda ukuthi imali iza ngobuningi obuhlukene. Ungawethula umqondo wokuthi amanye amabhili abaluleke kakhulu kunezinye, ngaphandle kokufaka imininingwane eminingi kakhulu.
3. Izidingo vs. okufunwayo
Fundisa izingane ukuthi ukudla, amanzi, nezinto zesikole kuyizidingo, kuyilapho amathoyizi engeziwe noma ukudla okulula okuthile kuyizidingo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze zingabi abantu abathanda ukuthenga.
4. Ukonga
Ukonga kuyisiko eliyinhloko. Izingane zifunda ukuthi ngokubeka eceleni imali ethile, zingafinyelela imigomo yesikhathi esizayo.
5. Ukwabelana
Umqondo wokwabelana usiza izingane ziqonde ukuthi imali ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza abanye. Lokhu kwakha uzwela kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini.
6. Yenza izinqumo futhi wamukele imiphumela
Isibonelo, uma ingane ikhetha ukuthenga amaswidi namuhla, imali yayo izoncishiswa futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuthenga izitikha ezizifunayo. Izofunda ukuthi akuzona zonke izinto ezingatholakala ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Isu lokwethula ezezimali ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke
Imfundo yezezimali yezingane ezincane isebenza kahle kakhulu uma ihlanganiswa nenqubo yomndeni. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyisebenzisa:
1. Ukulingisa “izitolo”
Ukudlala ulimi lwengane. Ungakha isitolo sokudlala ekhaya usebenzisa imali yokudlala noma amabhili amadala abhalwe phansi. Izingane zingadlala indima yomthengi noma umthengisi. Ngalo mdlalo, izingane zifunda:
– imali isetshenziselwa ukuthengiselana,
– izimpahla “zinentengo” ethile,
– kumele kube nokushintshana okufanele,
– ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukhethe ngoba imali ilinganiselwe.
Ukuze kube ngokoqobo kakhudlwana, sebenzisa izinto zasekhaya "njengemikhiqizo": amabhisikidi, izithelo, noma izinto zokubhala. Ungethula nomqondo "wokubuyisela" ngendlela elula kakhulu ezinganeni ezikulungele.
2. Sebenzisa ibhange lengulube elihloselwe injongo ethile
Ibhange lezingulube elivamile lilungile, kodwa ibhange lezingulube elisekelwe emigomweni lisebenza kangcono ngoba izingane ziyazi ukuthi zifuna ukufeza ini. Isibonelo, namathisela isithombe sento oyifunayo ebhange lezingulube: incwadi yezindaba, ibhola, noma ithuluzi lokudweba. Ngale ndlela, ukonga akubonakali kuyinto engaqondakali. Izingane zibona ukuxhumana phakathi kokubeka imali eceleni nokufeza umgomo wazo.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlukahluka, sebenzisa izitsha ezintathu:
– I-Tube (ngezinhloso zomuntu siqu),
– Ukuthenga (ngezidingo ezincane ezihleliwe),
– Ukwabelana (ngokusiza umphakathi noma ukuphana izipho).
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kufundisa ukulinganisela phakathi kwakho nabanye.
3. Bandakanya izingane lapho uthenga
Uma uya emakethe encane noma emakethe, mema ingane yakho ukuthi yenze imisebenzi elula:
– khetha izithelo ezinhle kakhulu,
– qhathanisa osayizi bokupakisha,
– bala inani lezinto (isib. thatha utamatisi abathathu),
– ukusiza ekukhokheni nasekutholeni amarisidi.
Sebenzisa imisho elula: “Sinemali engaka, ngakho-ke masikhethe izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuqala.” Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, izingane zifunda izinto eziza kuqala kanye nokuhlela.
4. Fundisa ukulinda nokuhlehlisa izifiso
Izingane ezincane zivame ukufuna izinto ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sokuvuma ngokushesha noma ukwenqabela ngokuqinile, sebenzisa indlela ethi "hlehlisa uhlelo". Isibonelo: "Lelo thoyizi lihle kakhulu. Ake silibhale phansi kuqala, bese siligcina amasonto amabili." Le ndlela iqeqesha ukuzithiba futhi yenza izingane zizwe zizwakala.
5. Nikeza isibonelelo esilula nesihambisanayo (ongakukhetha)
Kweminye imindeni, imali yesikhwama inganikezwa ngemali encane ngenhloso ecacile, njengeviki ngalinye. Izingane zifunda ukuphatha imali yazo esikhathini esithile. Kodwa-ke, imali yesikhwama akuyona imfuneko. Uma ingane ingakakulungeli, imfundo yezezimali isenganikezwa ngemidlalo nemisebenzi yomndeni.
Uma unikeza isibonelelo, yenza imithetho elula:
– imali ephaketheni ayifakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma iphela,
– izingane zingakhetha ukuthi zizosebenzisa noma zonge,
– abazali bayasiza ekuhloleni, hhayi ekuhluleleni.
6. Izindaba nezincwadi zezingane eziphathelene nemali
Funda izincwadi zezindaba ezinezihloko zokonga, ukwabelana, noma ukukhetha. Izindaba zisiza izingane ukuqonda izindinganiso ngaphandle kwezinkulumo. Ngemva kokufunda, buza imibuzo elula: "Kungani umlingiswa esonga?" noma "Kwenzekani uma echitha yonke imali yakhe?"
Indima yabazali njengezibonelo eziyinhloko
Izingane zifunda okuningi kulokho ezikubonayo kunakulokho ezikuzwayo. Ngakho-ke, izibonelo zabazali zibalulekile. Imikhuba efana nokuthenga ngokuphamazela, ukukhononda njalo ngemali, noma imithetho engaguquki kulula ukuyilingisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuziphatha okuhle njengokwenza uhlu lokuthenga, ukuqhathanisa amanani, ukonga imigomo yomndeni, kanye nokuxoxa ngemali ngokuthula kusebenza njengezibonelo ezinamandla.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingxoxo ngemali phambi kwezingane kufanele zihlale ziphilile. Kulungile ukuthi izingane zazi ukuthi imali idinga ukutholakala nokuphathwa, kodwa gwema ukubenza bakhathazeke ngamazwi anjengokuthi, "Asinamali!" noma "Asinamali nhlobo!" Kunalokho, sebenzisa ulimi oluqinisekisayo: "Silawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwethu, ngakho-ke masibeke izinto ezibalulekile kuqala."
Amaphutha okufanele uwagweme
Ezinye izinto ezivame ukwenza imfundo yezezimali ingasebenzi kahle zifaka:
1. Phoqa ingane yakho ukuba iqonde imiqondo yabantu abadala, njengezikweletu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma imigomo emikhulu. Gxila emikhubeni eyisisekelo.
2. Ukusebenzisa imali njengosongo, isibonelo, "Uma uyisiwula, imali yakho izoncishiswa." Lokhu kungenza izingane zihlobanise imali nokwesaba, hhayi umthwalo wemfanelo.
3. Ukungahambisani, isibonelo, ukwenqabela ukudla okulula kodwa ngokuvamile ukunikeza imali eyengeziwe lapho ingane ikhala. Ukuguquguquka kwakha ukwethembana nemikhuba.
4. Ukunikeza imivuzo yemali engenamsebenzi, njengokushintsha ukuziphatha okuhle njalo ngemali. Kungcono ukunikeza indumiso, ukuchitha isikhathi ndawonye, noma imivuzo engeyona imali ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Penutup
Imfundo yezezimali yezingane ezisencane ayimayelana nokwenza izingane zibe nekhono lokuphatha imali ngokushesha, kodwa imayelana nokugxilisa imikhuba nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo: ukuqonda imali, ukufunda ukukhetha, ukonga, ukwabelana, nokuqonda ukuthi isifiso ngasinye sidinga inqubo. Ngemisebenzi elula efana nokudlala "esitolo," ukonga nge-"piggy bank" (i-piggy bank), kanye nokubandakanya izingane ekuthengeni, abazali bangakha isisekelo sezimali esiqinile ngaphandle kokuthwesa izingane zabo umthwalo osindayo.
Izingane ezisencane zifunda imikhuba emihle yezezimali, kulapho amathuba azo okukhula abe abantu abahlakaniphile, abazimele, nabanomthwalo wemfanelo emakhulu khona. Ekugcineni, imfundo yezezimali iyingxenye yemfundo yobungcweti—futhi ikhaya yisikole sokuqala esinethonya elikhulu.
