Indlela Yokuthuthukisa Imfundo Ehlanganisa Bonke
Imfundo ebandakanya wonke umuntu iyindlela yokufundisa eqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umntwana—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu onjani ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, ngokwenhlalo, ngokomzwelo, ngokolimi, ngamasiko, noma ngokwezomnotho—unethuba elilinganayo lokufunda ndawonye esikoleni esivamile esamukelayo nesisekelayo. Empeleni, imfundo ehlanganisa wonke umuntu ayimayelana “nokwamukela” abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile emakilasini avamile, kodwa kunalokho imayelana nokwakha uhlelo lwesikole olungahlangabezana nezidingo zokufunda ezahlukahlukene zabo bonke abafundi. Ukuthuthukisa imfundo ehlanganisa wonke umuntu kusho ukushintsha imibono, izinqubomgomo, isiko lesikole, amasu okufunda, ngisho nendlela imiphumela yokufunda ehlolwa ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshiywa ngemuva.
1. Qonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zemfundo ehlanganisa bonke
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvumelana ngesimiso sokuthi wonke umntwana angafunda, nokuthi umehluko uvamile. Imfundo ehlanganisayo iyawenqaba umqondo wokuthi izingane ezithile kuphela "ezingena" emakilasini avamile. Esikhundleni salokho, izikole kumele zivumelane nezimo. Esinye isimiso esibalulekile ukubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele: abafundi abagcini nje ngokuba khona ngokomzimba kodwa futhi bahileleke ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yokufunda, ekuxhumaneni nabantu, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwesikole okunenjongo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo ehlanganisayo igcizelela inhlonipho yesithunzi sabafundi, engenakho ukucwaswa, ukuxhashazwa, kanye nokubandlululwa.
2. Thuthukisa izinqubomgomo zesikole ezicacile nezingakhethi
Ukuthuthukisa ukubandakanywa kudinga imithetho eqinile nelinganisekayo. Izikole kudingeka zibe nezinqubomgomo zokwamukelwa kwabafundi ezingabandlululi, izinqubo zokuhlonza izidingo zokufunda, kanye nezinhlelo zesevisi ezingokoqobo. Lezi zinqubomgomo kufanele zifake ukuzibophezela kokulwa nokuxhashazwa, indlela yokubika ephephile, kanye nokuvikelwa kwabafundi abasengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikole zidinga ukuchaza ukwahlukaniswa kwezindima phakathi kothishanhloko, othisha bekilasi, othisha bosizo olukhethekile (uma bekhona), abeluleki, kanye nabanye abasebenzi bezemfundo. Izinqubomgomo ezinhle azihlali nje kumadokhumenti; zenziwa ziphile ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana njalo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.
3. Ukwakha isiko lesikole elihlanganisa bonke abantu
Isiko lesikole "umoya" wonke umuntu awuzwayo. Ngisho noma izikhungo kanye nekharikhulamu zikhona, imfundo ehlanganisa wonke umuntu izolwela ukuchuma uma indawo yomphakathi ingaphephile. Ngakho-ke, izikole zidinga ukwakha isiko lokuhloniphana kanye nokubambisana. Lokhu kungafezwa ngemisebenzi ekhuthaza uzwela, amaphrojekthi ekilasini agcizelela ukubambisana, kanye nomkhuba wolimi olungafaki ilebula ("ingane engcolile," "ingane ehamba kancane," njalo njalo). Othisha kudingeka futhi babe yizibonelo ekuphatheni ukungezwani, isibonelo ngokuvumela izindlela ezahlukene zokuphendula, ukwazisa umzamo, kanye nokungahlazisi abafundi lapho benza amaphutha.
4. Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lothisha kanye nabasebenzi bezemfundo
Othisha bayisihluthulelo. Ukuthuthukisa imfundo ehlanganisa bonke kudinga othisha ukuba baqonde izici zezidingo zokufunda ezahlukahlukene, amasu okuhlukanisa, kanye nokuphathwa kwekilasi okusekelayo. Ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo akudingeki kube kubi kakhulu; izikole zingaqala ngama-workshop angaphakathi, imiphakathi yokufunda kothisha, kanye nokubuka ekilasini phakathi kothisha. Amakhono adinga ukuqiniswa afaka: indlela yokubeka imigomo yokufunda eguquguqukayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya ehlukahlukene, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, kanye nendlela yokunikeza impendulo eyakhayo. Abanye abasebenzi bezemfundo—njengabasebenzi bokuphatha, abagcini bezikole, kanye nabasebenzi bemitapo yolwazi—nabo badinga ukuhlonyiswa ngombono ohlanganisa bonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakalo zesikole ziyatholakala kubo bonke.
5. Ukuguqula ikharikhulamu nokusebenzisa ukufunda okuhlukahlukene
Iphutha elilodwa elivamile ukufaka ikharikhulamu efanayo kubo bonke abafundi ngendlela efanayo. Imfundo ehlanganisa bonke ikhuthaza ukuzivumelanisa nekharikhulamu, hhayi ukunciphisa ikhwalithi, kodwa kunalokho ukulungisa izindlela zokufinyelela kanye nokufunda. Ukufunda okuhlukile kungatholakala ngokushintshashintsha kokuqukethwe (izinto zokwakha), izinqubo (izindlela zokufunda), kanye nemikhiqizo (indlela yokubonisa ukuqonda). Isibonelo, ezifundweni zolimi lwesi-Indonesia, abanye abafundi bangabhala izifinyezo, kanti abanye bethula izifinyezo zabo ngomlomo noma badale amamephu omqondo. Ezibalweni, othisha banganikeza amazinga obunzima kancane kancane, izinsiza eziqondile, noma isikhathi esengeziwe kulabo abasidingayo.
6. Nikeza izinsizakalo zokusekela nokweluleka
Okungcono kakhulu, izikole ezihlanganisa bonke abantu zinesistimu yokusekela enamazinga amaningi. Ukusekelwa okubanzi kusetshenziswa kubo bonke, njengemithetho ecacile yekilasi, amasu okuqinisa okuhle, kanye nezindlela zokufundisa ezahlukahlukene. Ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kunikezwa abafundi abadinga usizo olujulile, njengokufundiswa kwamaqembu amancane, izinhlelo zamakhono omphakathi, noma ukulungiswa kwezabelo. Ngezinga elithile, ukwesekwa komuntu ngamunye kuyadingeka, njengezinhlelo zokufunda ezizimele, ukwelulekwa njalo, noma ukubambisana nochwepheshe (ososayensi bezengqondo, abelaphi bezomsebenzi, abelaphi bezinkulumo) njengoba kudingeka. Empeleni, ukwesekwa akusho ukuthi kuhlukanisa abafundi ekilasini, kodwa kunalokho kubenza bakwazi ukuhlanganyela kahle.
7. Qinisekisa ukuthi kufinyeleleka kalula futhi kunendawo yokufunda
Ukufakwa kumayelana nokufinyelela ngokomzimba. Izikole zidinga ukuhlola ukuthi izakhiwo, amakilasi, izindlu zangasese, izitebhisi, iminyango, kanye nezindlela zokuhamba ziphephile futhi zamukelekile kubo bonke. Ukufinyeleleka kungaqala ngezinto ezilula: ukukhanya okuhle, ukunciphisa umsindo, amalungiselelo okuhlala aguquguqukayo, kanye nezimpawu ezicacile. Kubafundi abanenkinga yokubona noma yokuzwa, izikole zinganikeza izinto zokufundisa ezinamafonti amakhulu, ukugqama kombala okufanele, noma ukwesekwa komsindo/okubukwayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokusiza njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda isikrini, ukubhala amagama, noma amadivayisi okuxhumana ahlukile kungaba izixazululo ezisebenzayo uma zilungiselelwe umongo kanye namakhono esikole.
8. Yakha uhlelo lokuhlola olunobulungiswa noluguquguqukayo
Ukuhlola emfundweni ehlanganisa bonke abantu kumele kulinganise inqubekela phambili yokufunda ngendlela enenjongo, hhayi nje ukuqhathanisa abafundi. Izikole zingasebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokufundisa ukuze kuqashwe inqubo, kunikezwe impendulo esheshayo, futhi kulungiswe amasu okufundisa. Izindlela zokuhlola zingahluka futhi: amaphothifoliyo, amaphrojekthi, izethulo, imisebenzi esebenzayo, noma izivivinyo ezibhaliwe ezinokulungiswa okuthile. Ukuguquguquka okufana nesikhathi esengeziwe, imibuzo yokufunda, noma izinketho zezimpendulo ezihlukile akuzona "amalungelo" kodwa kuyindlela yokulingana, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banethuba elilinganayo lokubonisa ikhono labo.
9. Bandakanya abazali kanye nomphakathi ngenkuthalo
Izikole azikwazi ukufeza ukubandakanywa zodwa. Ukubambisana nabazali kubalulekile ekuqondeni izidingo zezingane, imikhuba, kanye namasu asebenzayo ekhaya. Izikole zingasungula ukuxhumana okuvamile ngezindlela ezimbili, hhayi nje lapho kuvela izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwesekwa komphakathi—izikhungo zezempilo, izinhlangano zezinsizakalo zokukhubazeka, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye namabhizinisi—kungaqinisa izinhlelo ezibandakanya bonke abantu ngokwelulekwa, izinsizakalo zokudlulisela, ukuhlinzekwa kwamadivayisi okusiza, noma izinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa emsebenzini kanye nokwethulwa komsebenzi. Uma inethiwekhi ibanzi, kulapho ithuba lesikole lokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabafundi abahlukahlukene liba likhulu khona.
10. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo
Ukuthuthukisa imfundo ehlanganisa bonke abantu kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside. Izikole zidinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi abafundi bazizwa bephephile yini, ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kuyanda yini, ukuthi imiphumela yokufunda ibonisa intuthuko yini, nokuthi ukuxhashazwa kuyancipha yini. Ucwaningo lwabafundi nabazali, ukuzindla kothisha, kanye nedatha yokuba khona kanye nempumelelo yokufunda ingasebenza njengezinto zokuhlola. Kusukela lapho, izikole zingabeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukufakwa akudingeki kube okuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni; okubalulekile ukuzibophezela, izinyathelo eziqondile, kanye nokuzimisela ukufunda ngokuzijwayeza.
I-Penutup
Imfundo ebandakanya wonke umuntu iwutshalomali olukhulu emphakathini: ibumba isizukulwane esijwayele ukuhlala ngokwehlukahlukana nokuhloniphana. Ukuthuthukisa imfundo ehlanganisa wonke umuntu kusho ukwakha uhlelo oluhambisana nezimo—kusukela ezinqubweni, isiko lesikole, amandla othisha, ukufunda okuhlukile, izinsizakalo zokusekela, ukufinyeleleka, ukuhlolwa okufanele, kuya ekubambisaneni nabazali kanye nomphakathi. Lapho izikole zakha ngempumelelo indawo eyamukela futhi ikhulise bonke abantwana, izinzuzo azizwakali nje kuphela ngabafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile, kodwa nakubo bonke umphakathi wesikole. Lokhu kuyingqikithi yemfundo: ukunikeza isikhala sokuba ingane ngayinye ithuthuke ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
