Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Ngekhampasi Yemikhumbi
I-Pendahuluan
Umlando wokuzulazula kwabantu ugcwele amathuluzi asiza abahloli ukuthola indlela yabo yokuwela ulwandle olukhulu. Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu okuzulazula yikhampasi yolwandle. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini ikhampasi yolwandle, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinhlobo zayo, kanye nezisekelo zokunakekelwa kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Iyini ikhampasi Yolwandle?
Ikhampasi yolwandle iyithuluzi lokuhamba elisetshenziselwa ukunquma isiqondiso kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba. Ngokungafani nekhampasi evamile, evame ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni, ikhampasi yolwandle yenzelwe ngqo ukuhamba olwandle. Ingamelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima kanye nokudlidliza okuqhubekayo komkhumbi.
Ngokuvamile, ikhampasi yolwandle ine-magnet ebekwe eceleni ukuze ikwazi ukujikeleza ukuze ibonise enyakatho naseningizimu, kanye nezinto ezengeziwe ezengeziwe zokwandisa ukunemba nokuzinza ezimweni zasolwandle.
Umlando omfushane
Ikhampasi yaqala ukusungulwa eShayina cishe ngekhulu lesibili BC futhi ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokubhula. Ngekhulu le-12, yaqala ukusetshenziswa amatilosi ase-Arabhu yabe isisakazekela eYurophu ngemizila yokuhweba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bekhampasi bathuthuka, amatilosi aseYurophu enza intuthuko enkulu ngesikhathi seNkathi Enkulu Yokuhlola.
Isimiso Sokusebenza Sekhampasi Yasolwandle
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sekhampasi yolwandle ukusetshenziswa kwensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba ukuze kutholakale ukuthi iqonde kuphi. Insimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba inezinsika ezimbili: insika esenyakatho kanye nensika eseningizimu. Inaliti yamagnetic ekhampasini izohlala ikhomba insika esenyakatho yamagnetic yoMhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhampasi yolwandle ifakwe indilinga yekhampasi, enesilinganiso samadigri angu-360 sokulinganisa isiqondiso ngamadigri. Ngokufunda amadigri akulesi silinganiso, umshayeli wemikhumbi angawuqondisa ngokunembile umkhumbi.
I-Meridian Engumaginethi
Ama-meridian amagnetic ayimigqa ecatshangwayo esuka empondweni yamagnetic esenyakatho iye empondweni yamagnetic eseningizimu. Uma usebenzisa ikhampasi, ukuba khona kwama-meridian amagnetic kusiza abashayeli bemikhumbi ukuthi bavumelanise isiqondiso sabo nensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba.
Ukwehla Kwamagnetic
Ukwehla kwamandla kazibuthe umehluko phakathi kwenyakatho yangempela kanye nesiqondiso esiboniswa yikhampasi (inyakatho kazibuthe). Lokhu kwehla kwamandla kuyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo futhi kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abashayeli bemikhumbi bagcine ulwazi lokwehla kwamandla kazibuthe lusesikhathini.
Izinhlobo Zamakhampasi Olwandle
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamakhampasi olwandle asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wokuthutha ngemikhumbi:
1. Ikhampasi Kamagnetic
Ikhampasi yamagnetic uhlobo lwekhampasi oluvamile olusebenzisa inaliti yamagnetic ukukhombisa enyakatho. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu futhi lutholakala emikhunjini eminingi emincane kuya kwephakathi.
2. Ikhampasi yeGyro
Ama-gyrocompasses asebenzisa isimiso sokujikeleza ukuze anqume indlela. Ngokuthakazelisayo, la makhampasi awathinteki yinsimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba, ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezizinzile ezindaweni ezithile. Ama-gyrocompasses ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu futhi avame ukusetshenziswa emikhunjini emikhulu nasemikhunjini yezentengiselwano.
3. Ikhampasi Ye-elekthronikhi
Amakhampasi kagesi asebenzisa izinzwa zesimanje ukuthola amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba. Lolu hlobo luvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuzulazula zesimanje njenge-GPS. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ulwazi olusheshayo nolunembile kakhulu oluqondisa indawo.
Izingxenye zekhampasi yolwandle
Ikhampasi yolwandle ivame ukuba nezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko:
– Ikesi Lekhampasi: Indlu yendlela yekhampasi, evame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezingagqwali njengethusi noma ipulasitiki.
– I-Compass Disc: I-disc ekhombisa isiqondiso esikalini sama-degree angu-360.
– Inaliti Kamagnetic: Inaliti ekhombisa indlela eya enyakatho kamagnetic.
– Imbobo Yokubona: Ithuluzi lokulinganisa eliphezu kwediski yekhampasi ukuze kubukwe futhi kufundwe iziqondiso.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa Ikhampasi Yasolwandle
Ukusebenzisa ikhampasi yolwandle kudinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile eziyisisekelo:
1. Ukulinganisa: Ngaphambi kokuqala uhambo lwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ikhampasi ilinganiswe kahle ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha okufunda.
2. Ukunquma Ukwehla: Yazi ukwehla kwamandla kazibuthe endaweni yakho bese ulungisa ikhampasi ngalolu lwazi.
3. Ukunquma Isiqondiso: Nquma isiqondiso oya kuso ngokusekelwe kumephu yolwandle bese uqondisa umkhumbi wakho ngokwendlela ikhampasi efundwa ngayo.
4. Ukuqapha Okuvamile: Ngesikhathi sohambo, hlola ikhampasi njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhumbi uhlala endleleni efanele.
Ukulungiswa Kwekhampasi Yemikhumbi
Ukuze ikhampasi yolwandle ihlale isebenza kahle futhi ngokunembile, kudingeka kwenziwe ukulungiswa okuthile:
– Gcina kude nabanye omaginethi: Gwema ukugcina ikhampasi eduze kwezinto ezinamafeni amakhulu kagesi angaphazamisa inaliti kagesi.
– Hlanza Njalo: Hlanza ikhampasi othulini nasengcoleni okungaphazamisa ukufunda.
– Hlola i-Gcwalisa Uketshezi: Amanye amakhampasi agcwele uketshezi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza. Gcina lolu ketshezi lugcwele.
– Ukulinganisa Okuvamile: Yenza ukulinganisa okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusebenzisa ikhampasi ensimini enamandla kazibuthe noma ngemva kokuba umkhumbi ubhekene nokudlidliza okunzima.
Isiphetho
Ikhampasi yolwandle ingenye yezinsimbi zokuqondisa ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wokuhamba olwandle. Ngokuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo, nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani futhi inakekelwe kanjani, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi leli thuluzi libe libaluleke kangakanani ekugcineni amatilosi esendleleni, kusukela esikhathini esidlule kuze kube manje.
Ukubaluleka okungenakuphikwa kwekhampasi yemikhumbi, kanye nekhono layo lokusiza abantu banqobe ulwandle, kubonisa isimangaliso esilula sezimiso eziyisisekelo zefiziksi kanye nemagnetism. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyitilosi yesimanje noma ungumuntu othanda umlando, ukuqonda ikhampasi yemikhumbi kunikeza ukuqonda okucebile kokuthi singahamba kanjani emhlabeni ngokuzethemba okukhulu nesibindi.
