Incazelo kanye nomsebenzi we-Sextant ekuzulazuleni
Ukuzulazula olwandle bekulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempucuko yabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sesikhathini sanamuhla, ukuhlola olwandle kuye kwenza abantu bakwazi ukuhlola umhlaba, ukuhweba, nokusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazwekazi. Elinye ithuluzi elidlale indima ebalulekile ekuzulazuleni olwandle yi-sextant. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-sextant, isebenza kanjani, kanye nomsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ekuzulazuleni.
Ukuqonda i-Sextant
I-sextant iyithuluzi lokuhamba elisetshenziselwa ukukala i-engeli ephakathi kwezinto ezimbili, ngokuvamile phakathi kwento yasezulwini njengelanga, inyanga, inkanyezi, noma iplanethi kanye nomkhathizwe. Igama elithi "sextant" livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "sextans," elisho "ingxenye eyodwa kwesithupha," ngoba i-arc yethuluzi ivame ukumboza ama-degree angu-60, noma ingxenye eyodwa kwesithupha yendilinga. I-sextant iyinguquko ye-quadrant endala kanye ne-astrolabe, ezazisetshenziswa futhi ukukala ama-engeli esibhakabhakeni.
I-sextant yasungulwa okokuqala ngekhulu le-18 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuqondiseni olwandle. Ukusungulwa kwe-sextant kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi kwadalwa ngamadoda amabili, uJohn Hadley waseNgilandi noThomas Godfrey wase-United States, abasungula le thuluzi ngokuzimela cishe ngo-1731.
Indlela Okusebenza Ngayo Umuntu Osebenzisa I-Sextant
Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-sextant ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo. Leli thuluzi lifakwe izibuko ezimbili: isibuko se-horizon kanye nesibuko se-index. Isibuko se-horizon sihlala sihambisana ne-horizon, kuyilapho isibuko se-index singashukunyiswa ukuze sivumelane nento yasezulwini ebonwayo.
Okulandelayo yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa i-sextant:
1. Ukulungiswa Kokuqala: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-sextant ilinganiswe kahle. Isilungisi kufanele sihlole izibuko futhi siqinisekise ukuthi ziqondile.
2. Ukubuka Izinto: Ngesibonakude esiku-sextant, umhambi ubona umkhathi ongezansi kanye nezinto zasezulwini phezulu.
3. Ukuhambisa Isibuko Sokukhomba: Isibuko sokukhomba sishukunyiswa ngendlela yokuthi isithombe sento yesibhakabhaka sihambisane nomkhathizwe.
4. Ukufunda i-Engela: Ngemva kokuba into yasezulwini kanye nomkhathizwe kuqondiswe ngetheleskopu, i-engela ephakathi kwemigqa emibili yokubona ifundwa esikalini esisembozweni se-sextant.
5. Ukulungiswa Kwamaphutha: Kuneziphambeko ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta ukufundwa kwama-engeli, njengamaphutha e-index, amaphutha avamile, kanye namaphutha okuxegisa, okudingeka acatshangelwe futhi alungiswe.
Ngokulinganisa le engela ngesikhathi esithile, umhambi angasebenzisa amatafula ezinkanyezi ukuze anqume umugqa wendawo yomkhumbi.
Umsebenzi we-Sextant ekuzulazuleni
I-sextant isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nendawo yomkhumbi olwandle oluvulekile, lapho izimpawu zomhlaba zingase zingabi khona noma zingabonakali. I-sextant inemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko ekuzulazuleni:
1. Ukunquma i-Latitude
Ngokulinganisa i-engeli ephakathi kwelanga esicongweni salo (indawo ephakeme kakhulu esibhakabhakeni) kanye nomkhathizwe besebenzisa i-sextant, abashayeli bemikhumbi bangakwazi ukuthola i-latitude yomkhumbi. Uma ilanga lisesikhundleni salo esiphezulu, le-engeli yaziwa ngokuthi i-zenith angle. I-engeli ebonwayo ibe isiqhathaniswa namathebula ezinkanyezi ukuze kutholakale i-latitude.
2. Thola i-Longitude (i-Longitude)
Ukunquma i-longitude kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune-latitude, njengoba kudinga ukulinganisa isikhathi okunembile. Ngokusebenzisa i-sextant ukukala i-engeli phakathi kwento ethile yasezulwini kanye nomkhathi ngesikhathi esithile, nokusebenzisa amathebula esikhathi (njenge-Nautical Almanac), abashayeli bama-navigator banganquma i-longitude yomkhumbi. Enkathini yangaphambi kwama-chronometer anembile, ukunquma i-longitude kwakuyinselele enkulu yokuhamba.
3. Thola Izinto Zasezulwini
Ama-sextant asiza futhi ekuboneni izinkanyezi, amaplanethi, nezinye izinto zasemkhathini ezingasetshenziswa njengezinkomba zokuzulazula. Ngokwazi izikhundla zezinto zasemkhathini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, abashayeli bama-navigator bangakha amamephu asemkhathini futhi bahlele indawo yemikhumbi olwandle.
4. Ukugwema Izingozi Zokuhamba Ngemikhumbi
Ngokwazi indawo eqondile yomkhumbi, abashayeli bemikhumbi bangathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze bagweme izingozi ezifana namatshe asolwandle, eminye imikhumbi, namanzi angajulile. I-sextant isiza ekuhleleni uhambo oluphephile nolusebenzayo.
5. Ukuqeqeshwa Nokufundisa
Namuhla, ama-sextant avame ukusetshenziswa ekuqeqeshweni nasekufundiseni okujwayelekile kokuzulazula. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe besimanje njenge-GPS buye bathatha indawo yama-sextant emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ukuqonda ukuthi ama-sextant asebenza kanjani kusalokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yekharikhulamu yomatilosi nomgibeli. Kusebenza njengesipele uma ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhluleka.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-sextant
Ngokweqile
1. Ongancikile kubuchwepheshe besimanje: Ama-sextant awadingi amabhethri, amasathelayithi, noma amasignali omsakazo ukuze asebenze, okwenza athembeke ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
2. Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Ngamakhono nolwazi olufanele, i-sextant inganikeza imiphumela enembile kakhulu ekunqumeni indawo olwandle oluvulekile.
3. Ukuqina: Yenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-sextant ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ingamelana nezimo ezinzima zasolwandle.
I-Kekurangan
1. Ubunzima Bokusebenzisa: Kudinga amakhono akhethekile nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle.
2. Ukuthembela Esimweni Sezulu: Izimo zezulu ezimbi njengamafu aminyene noma inkungu zingaphazamisa ukubonwa kwezinto zasezulwini.
3. Imikhawulo Yesikhathi: Izilinganiso zivame ukuthathwa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengalapho ilanga selifike esicongweni salo, okunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Isiphetho
I-sextant iyithuluzi lokuhamba elihlala isikhathi futhi elibalulekile eliye lasiza abashayeli basolwandle amakhulu eminyaka. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe besimanje buhlinzeke ngamathuluzi okuhamba alula futhi asheshayo, ulwazi lokusetshenziswa kwe-sextant luhlala lubalulekile futhi lubalulekile, ikakhulukazi njengendlela ehlukile ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekuhambeni kwezentengiselwano, kwezempi, noma kwezokuzijabulisa, i-sextant ihlala iwuphawu lwekhono nokuphikelela ezweni lokuhamba olwandle.
