Indlela Yokusebenzisa Amamephu Edijithali Ekuthumeleni
Amamephu edijithali abe ngelinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu okuhamba ngemikhumbi yesimanje. Nakuba amatilosi ayethembele kumashadi ephepha, amakhampasi, kanye nokubala ngesandla, namuhla imikhumbi eminingi—kusukela emikhunjini yokuhweba kuya emikhunjini yokuzijabulisa kanye neyokudoba—isebenzisa amamephu edijithali ahlanganiswe ne-GPS, i-AIS, i-radar, nezinye izinzwa. Kodwa-ke, amamephu edijithali awagcini nje “ngamamephu esikrinini.” Kunezinqubo, amasu okufunda, kanye nemikhuba yokusebenza okumele iqondwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba yayo yolwandle iphephile, inembile, futhi inhle. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela yokusebenzisa amamephu edijithali ngokuhlelekile ekuthuthweni, kusukela ekulungiseleleni kuya ekusetshenzisweni olwandle.
1. Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini iMephu Yedijithali (Ishadi Le-elekthronikhi)
Amamephu edijithali okuzulazula aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amashadi e-elekthronikhi. Empeleni, lawa mamephu asetshenziswa ngamadivayisi anjenge-ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System) emikhunjini emikhulu, noma ama-chart plotter emikhunjini emincane. Amamephu edijithali aqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile njengogu lolwandle, ukujula (umsindo), ama-contours e-bathymetric, ama-buoy okuzulazula, imizila yokuthumela, izindawo ezivinjelwe, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluvame ukutholakala kumashadi olwandle.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivamile zedatha yemephu yedijithali:
– I-ENC (Ishadi Lokuzulazula Le-elekthronikhi): ngokusekelwe kudatha yevektha, ingabonisa imininingwane ngokuya ngezilungiselelo zesikali kanye nezendlalelo.
– Ishadi le-Raster: umphumela wokuskena imephu yephepha, ubukeka njengemephu ebonakalayo kodwa ulinganiselwe kakhulu ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo.
Ukuqonda uhlobo lwemephu esetshenziswayo kubalulekile ngoba indlela ekhombisa ngayo imininingwane kanye nezixwayiso zezingozi ingahluka.
2. Lungisa Idivayisi kanye neSistimu Yokuzulazula
Ngaphambi kokuhamba, qiniseka ukuthi idivayisi yakho yeshadi ledijithali isesimweni esihle. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzihlole:
1) Amandla kagesi kanye nogesi ogciniwe
Qinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi inomthombo wamandla ozinzile. Uma kungenzeka, yiba nesipele (i-UPS noma ibhethri) esilungele ukugcina imephu isebenza uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela.
2) Ukuxhumeka kwe-GPS
Amamephu edijithali athembele kakhulu ekubekweni kwe-GPS. Hlola ukuthi idivayisi ithola isignali, ibonisa izixhumanisi ezifanele, futhi ayizwani nokugxuma kwesikhundla.
3) Ukusetha isistimu yedatha kanye nokuxhumanisa
Qiniseka ukuthi i-coordinate datum (isb., i-WGS-84) ifana nezindinganiso zedivayisi kanye nemephu. Ukungafani kungabangela ukushintsha kwesimo, okungaba yingozi lapho uhamba emanzini amancane.
4) Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinzwa (uma zikhona)
Emikhumbi ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, amamephu edijithali angaxhunywa ku-AIS, i-radar overlay, i-gyrocompass, i-speed log, ngisho ne-echo sounder. Qinisekisa ukuthi umthombo wedatha obonisiwe unembile futhi uyafaneleka.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi amamephu edijithali akamuva futhi asemthethweni
Iphutha elilodwa elibi ukusebenzisa imephu esiphelelwe yisikhathi. Izinguquko ezimpawini, ukujula, ukubuyiselwa kwezindawo, noma ukuqokwa kwezindawo ezivinjelwe kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
– Yenza izibuyekezo/ama-patches e-ENC ngokwesheduli enikezwe ngumhlinzeki wemephu.
– Qiniseka ukuthi ilayisensi yemephu iyasebenza futhi indawo embozwe ifaka phakathi umzila wokuthumela.
– Hlola Isaziso ku-Mariners noma izibuyekezo zendawo uma zitholakala, ikakhulukazi kuma-port neziteshi ezincane.
Amamephu anembile ayisisekelo sokuphepha. Imephu yedijithali ekhanya esikrinini ayilona iqiniso uma idatha isiphelelwe yisikhathi.
4. Ukusetha Isibonisi Sokuphepha
Amamephu edijithali anikeza ulwazi oluningi. Imininingwane eminingi kakhulu ingagcwala isikrini futhi idideke, kuyilapho imininingwane emincane kakhulu ingafihla izingozi.
Izilungiselelo zokubonisa ezivamile:
– Isikali: Sebenzisa isikali esifanele izimo. Ungasondezi kakhulu uma ungena eziteshini ezincane.
– I-contour engajulile kanye nokujula kokuphepha: Setha ukujula okuphephile ngokusekelwe ekujuleni komkhumbi kanye nomkhawulo wokuphepha. Uhlelo lungaxwayisa uma umzila ungena emanzini angajulile.
– Izendlalelo ezibalulekile: bonisa izimpawu zokuzulazula, imingcele yokujula, izindawo ezidilikile/ezivimbelayo, izindawo ezivinjelwe, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa izimoto uma zikhona.
– Imodi yasemini/yasebusuku: sebenzisa imodi yasebusuku ukunciphisa ukukhanya lapho usemsebenzini wasebusuku.
Umkhuba omuhle: dala izilungiselelo ezijwayelekile zokubonisa imikhumbi bese uqeqesha bonke abaqhubi ukuthi bahambisane.
5. Ukuhlela Umzila
Ukuhlela umzila kuyisisekelo sokusebenzisa amamephu edijithali. Lesi sinyathelo kufanele senziwe ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi sibuyekezwe njengoba kudingeka.
Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile:
1) Nquma indawo yokuqala kanye nendawo oya kuyo bese udala indawo yokuma ebalazweni.
2) Hlola ukujula endleleni ngokubhekisela ekujuleni komkhumbi, amagagasi, kanye nokujula kokuphepha.
3) Gwema izindawo eziyingozi: amatshe asolwandle, ukuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi, izindawo zempi, izindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, noma izindawo ezingenazo izintambo.
4) Naka imisinga nemimoya: amamephu edijithali awahlali equkethe ulwazi lwamanje lwesikhathi sangempela, kodwa ungahlanganisa idatha evela kweminye imithombo.
5) Faka umkhawulo wokuphepha: ungasondeli kakhulu ogwini lolwandle noma engozini ngoba nje kubukeka “kwanele”.
6) Ukuqinisekiswa komzila: ku-ECDIS, yenza isici "sokuhlola umzila" ukuze uthole izingozi ezingaba khona endleleni.
Indlela enhle akuyona nje indlela emfushane kakhulu, kodwa futhi iyindlela ephephile nefaneleka kakhulu yesimo somkhumbi.
6. Ukuzulazula Kokugijima (Ukuqapha Umzila) Ngesikhathi Sokuhamba Ngomkhumbi
Uma umzila ususebenza, imephu yedijithali iyasiza ukuqapha indawo yomkhumbi ngesikhathi sangempela.
Imikhuba ebalulekile:
– Hlola iphutha eliwela umzila (i-XTE), okuwukuthi umkhumbi uphambuka kangakanani endleleni ehleliwe.
– Sebenzisa ama-alamu (isb. i-alamu yamanzi angajulile, i-alamu yokufika ye-waypoint) kodwa ungathembeli kuwo ngokuphelele.
– Qhathanisa indawo yomkhumbi nezinkomba ezibonakalayo (ama-beacons, ama-buoy, izimpawu zomhlaba) uma zibonakala.
- Isakhiwo kanye nokuhlola okuphambene: fanisa ne-radar, i-AIS, kanye nokufundwa kokujula (i-echo sounder).
Amamephu edijithali angasiza ekutholakaleni kwengozi kusenesikhathi, kodwa izinqumo kumele zisekelwe ekubonweni nasekuqinisekisweni okunezigaba.
7. Sebenzisa i-AIS kanye ne-Radar Overlay ngokuhlakanipha
Uma imephu yakho yedijithali ihlanganiswe ne-AIS, ungabona eminye imikhumbi, kanye nokuhamba kwayo kanye nesivinini. Lokhu kuyasiza ekugwemeni ukushayisana, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni ematasa.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula:
– I-AIS ayinembile ngaso sonke isikhathi (idatha ingafakwa ngendlela engalungile noma ifike sekwephuzile).
– Akuzona zonke imikhumbi ezine-AIS evuliwe.
– I-radar overlay iyasiza ukuqhathanisa ukuma kogu/ithagethi nemephu, kodwa idinga ukulinganiswa nokuchazwa okufanele.
Sebenzisa i-AIS kanye ne-radar njengosizo, hhayi umthombo wodwa wezinqumo.
8. Ukuphatha Ingozi Yamaphutha Avamile
Amanye amaphutha avamile ayenzeka lapho kusetshenziswa amamephu edijithali:
– Ukuthembela ngokweqile: ukuthemba amamephu edijithali kakhulu nokungazinaki izinto ezikuzungezile.
– Isikali esingalungile: ukuhlola ibanga eliphephile ngenkathi usondeza isithombe.
– Ukusetha ukujula kokuphepha okungalungile: i-alamu ayikhali ngoba umkhawulo wokujula okuphephile awukasethwanga kahle.
– Azikho izibuyekezo zemephu: izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko zomzila azibonakali.
– Iphutha lomuntu: ukufaka iphuzu elingalungile, ukukhetha iphuzu elingalungile, noma ukufunda uphawu ngendlela engafanele.
Izindlela zokunciphisa ubungozi ziwukusebenzisa ama-SOP acacile, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nesiko lokuqinisekisa okuxubile.
9. Setha i-Backup: I-Paper Maps noma i-Backup System
Ekuhambeni ngomkhumbi kobungcweti, ukusekela ngokulondoloza umkhumbi kubalulekile. Kungaba nokucima kukagesi, ukwehluleka kwesikrini, noma amaphutha esofthiwe.
Isipele esinconyiwe:
– Idivayisi yesibili yeshadi ledijithali (i-ECDIS/plotter engafuneki), noma
– Amamephu amaphepha afanele kanye namathuluzi okuzulazula ayisisekelo, noma
– Izinhlelo zomzila ezincane kanye nezixhumanisi ezibalulekile zigcinwa ngokuphephile.
Umgomo akukhona ukwenqaba ubuchwepheshe, kodwa ukugcina ukuphepha lapho ubuchwepheshe buhluleka.
10. Isiphetho
Ukusebenzisa amashadi edijithali ekuzulazuleni kuyikhono elihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nesiyalo sokuzulazula. Isihluthulelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amashadi asesikhathini, abeka kahle imingcele yokubonisa nokuphepha, ahlela imizila ngokucophelela, futhi enze ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngokubheka amanye amathuluzi kanye nokubuka okuqondile. Amashadi edijithali athuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha, kodwa asebenza kuphela uma opharetha beqonda ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani, beqaphela ukulinganiselwa kwalo, futhi belandela izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuzulazula. Ngezinqubo ezifanele, amashadi edijithali angaba umlingani othembekile wokuzulazula okuphephile nokulawulwayo.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe yinguqulo yobuchwepheshe kakhulu (yemikhumbi yomthengisi i-ECDIS) noma inguqulo elula (yabadobi/imikhumbi emincane), egcwele izibonelo zezinyathelo kumadivayisi athile.
