Indlela Yokusebenzisa Izincwadi Zasolwandle Ekuzulazuleni
Ezweni lokuthutha ngemikhumbi, ukuhamba ngemikhumbi kungaphezu nje kokufunda imephu nokubheka ikhampasi. Umshayeli wemikhumbi udinga umthombo wolwazi ophelele, osesikhathini, nothembekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngemikhumbi okuphephile nokuphumelelayo. Yilapho izincwadi zokufunda ngemikhumbi zingena khona. Izincwadi zokufunda ngemikhumbi ziyiqoqo lezincwadi ezisemthethweni kanye nezinkomba zokuhamba ngemikhumbi eziqukethe idatha ebalulekile njengezimpawu zamanzi, izingozi zokuhamba ngemikhumbi, izinhlelo zesignali, amagagasi, imisinga, kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela yokusebenzisa izincwadi zokufunda ngemikhumbi ekuzulazuleni okusebenzayo, kusukela ekulungiseleleni kuya ekusetshenzisweni ebhodini.
1. Qonda ukuthi Incwadi Yolwandle Iyini kanye Nomsebenzi Wayo
Incwadi yokufunda ngemikhumbi ayisho incwadi eyodwa. Empeleni, leli gama lihlanganisa izincwadi ezahlukahlukene ezihambisanayo. Umsebenzi wazo ukusebenza njengereferensi eyinhloko yalokhu:
– Ukuhlela umzila (ukuhlela uhambo)
- Thola izingozi zokuzulazula kanye nezindawo ezivinjelwe
- Thola izikhathi zokuphepha ngokusekelwe kumagagasi kanye nemisinga
- Qinisekisa ukuthi imithetho yokuthumela ilandelwa
- Isekela ukuphepha kokuzulazula ngesikhathi sohambo
Ngamanye amazwi, izincwadi zemikhumbi zisiza abashayeli bemikhumbi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha, hhayi nje ukuqagela.
2. Izinhlobo Ezivame Ukusetshenziswa Zezincwadi Zasolwandle
Ukuze basebenzise kahle, abashayeli bemikhumbi kudingeka baqaphele izinhlobo zezincwadi zokudoba ezivame ukusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa:
1. Iziqondiso Zokuhamba Ngomkhumbi / Incwadi Yomshayeli Wezindiza (Umhlahlandlela Wechweba Nogu)
Iqukethe izincazelo zogu, amachweba, izindawo zokungena, ukujula, izici ezingaphansi kolwandle, izindawo eziyingozi, kanye neziphakamiso zendlela yokungena emachwebeni.
2. Uhlu Lwezibani Nezimpawu Zenkungu
Iqukethe ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwazo zonke izibani zokuzulazula: umbala, uhlamvu olukhanyayo, ububanzi, ukuphakama, kanye nendawo.
3. Amathebula Okuma Kwamanzi
Inikeza izibikezelo zamazinga amanzi kanye nezikhathi zokugcwala kwamanzi emachwebeni amakhulu nakwesibili.
4. Umfudlana weTidal / i-Atlas yamanje
Inikeza isiqondiso kanye nesivinini semisinga ngezikhathi ezithile emjikelezweni wokujikeleza kwamanzi.
5. Izaziso kuMatilosi
Buyekeza ulwazi: izinguquko ezimpawini, ekujuleni, ezindaweni zokuqeqesha ezempi, izingozi ezintsha, kanye nokulungiswa kwemephu.
6. Uhlu Lwezimpawu Zomsakazo / Ukushicilelwa kwe-GMDSS
Iqukethe iziteshi zomsakazo zasogwini, amaza omsakazo, izinqubo zokuxhumana kanye nolwazi olubalulekile lwasolwandle.
Nakuba ifomethi ingaba incwadi ephrintiwe noma inguqulo yedijithali, isimiso sokusetshenziswa sisafana: idatha kumele itholakale kalula futhi ihlale ivuselelwa.
3. Izinyathelo Zokulungiselela: Qiniseka ukuthi Incwadi Yakho Yolwandle Isesikhathini
Iphutha elivamile ukusebenzisa izincwadi eziphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimo zolwandle, izimpawu, kanye nemithetho kungashintsha, isinyathelo sokuqala ngaphambi kokuhamba ngomkhumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izincwadi zasemanzini:
– Uhlelo lolu lungolwakamuva noma seluthole izilungiso ezidingekayo.
- Kubuyekezwe ngeZaziso eziya ku-Mariners
- Kuhlelwe kahle ukuze kube lula ukusesha okusheshayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo
Kungumqondo omuhle ukudala uhlu lokuhlola olubala ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe endleleni, okuhlanganisa indawo yechweba lokusuka, amanzi okuhamba, kanye nendawo oya kuyo.
4. Ukusebenzisa Izincwadi Zolwandle Lapho Uhlela Imizila (Ukuhlelwa Kwendlela Yokuhamba)
Isigaba sokuhlela umzila yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni umhlahlandlela wolwandle. Inqubo ivame ukufaka izigaba ezine: ukuhlolwa, ukuhlela, ukwenziwa, kanye nokuqapha. Umhlahlandlela wolwandle usekela ngokuyinhloko izigaba ezimbili zokuqala.
a) Ukuhlola: Ulwazi Lwendawo Yokuqoqa
Kulesi sigaba, umhambi uqoqa ulwazi oluvela ku-Pilot Book, ku-Beacon List, kanye nezibuyekezo ezivela ku-Notices to Mariners. Ulwazi olufunwayo luhlanganisa:
- Izingozi zokuhamba: amatshe asolwandle, izindawo ezingajulile, izingozi, izindawo ezivinjelwe
– Izimo zechweba: ukujula kwesiteshi, amaphuzu okumisa, imithetho yokulawula i-VTS/ichweba
– Izindlela eziphephile ezinconywayo kanye nezindawo zokugibela abashayeli bezindiza
b) Ukuhlela: Ukunquma Imizila Namaphuzu Abalulekile
Uma idatha isiqoqiwe, umhambisi usungula umzila ohleliwe, izindawo zokuhamba, kanye “namaphuzu abalulekile” anjengokuthi:
– Isiteshi esincane
– Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi abasebenzisa ithrafikhi (i-TSS/ukuhlukaniswa kwethrafikhi)
– Izindawo ezinemisinga enamandla noma amagagasi amakhulu
- Izindlela zokusondela echwebeni ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu
Lapha amatafula okudonsa amanzi kanye nama-atlase amanje abalulekile, njengoba imizila ephephile emanzini aphezulu ingaba yingozi lapho amanzi ephansi.
5. Ukusebenzisa Amathebula Okudonsa Ukuthola Ukususwa Kwe-Keel Ngaphansi Kwe-Keel
Ngaphansi kwe-Keel Clearance (UKC) ibanga eliphephile phakathi kwe-keel yomkhumbi kanye nephansi lamanzi. Ukuze ubale i-UKC, umhambi udinga:
– Ukujula kumephu/umdwebo (idatha yeshadi)
- Ukubikezela amagagasi ngesikhathi sokuwela
– Izici zokuphepha kanye nokwehla komkhumbi (ukugoba, amagagasi, izinguquko ekubunjweni kwamanzi)
Amathebula okubuka amagagasi asetshenziswa ukunquma amazinga amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma umkhumbi kufanele uhambe emseleni ongajulile, umhambi angakhetha ukudlula emanzini amaningi noma ukushintsha indlela.
Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa: uma ukujula kweshadi kubonisa amamitha ayi-7, ukwehla komkhumbi kungamamitha ayi-6, futhi ngesikhathi esithile amanzi akhuphuka ngemitha eli-1, khona-ke i-UKC cishe ingamamitha ama-2 (7 + 1 - 6). Kodwa-ke, kusenemingcele edingekayo yokuhamba nge-squat kanye nomkhumbi.
6. Ukusebenzisa i-Flow Atlas ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuphephe
Imisinga ingasheshisa noma yehlise ijubane lomkhumbi, iwusunduze ngisho nalapho usondela echwebeni noma udlula emseleni omncane. Nge-atlas yamandla, abashayeli bama-navigator bangenza okulandelayo:
- Thola isikhathi esinenzuzo kakhulu sokuwela
- Lindela ukusetha kanye nokukhukhuleka (ukuhamba komkhumbi ngenxa yamandla kagesi)
- Setha ukulungiswa kwenkambo ukuze inkambo ihlale ilungile
Ezindaweni ezithile, imisinga ingashintsha ngokushesha ngesigaba sokukhuphuka kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukufanisa izikhathi ku-atlas yamanje namathebula okukhuphuka kwamanzi kuyikhono elibalulekile.
7. Ukusebenzisa Uhlu Lwezibani Ukuze Uthole Ukuhlonza Kwasebusuku
Ebusuku noma lapho ukukhanya kungabonakali kahle, izibani zokuzulazula ziyisiqondiso esiyinhloko. Uhlu lwama-beacon lusiza abashayeli bezindiza:
– Qinisekisa ukuthi izibani ezibonakalayo zisesimweni esilindelekile.
– Qaphela izici zokukhanya (isb. Fl(2) 10s: ukukhanya okubili njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10)
- Yazi ububanzi obubonakalayo kanye nokuphakama kwesibani
Uma izici zokukhanya zingahambisani, kungaba yinkomba yokuthi umkhumbi usesimweni esihlukile kunesilindelwe, ukuthi kube nokungacaci kahle, noma ukuthi kube noshintsho lwamuva okufanele luhlolwe ngeZaziso eziya ku-Mariners.
8. Ukulandela Izaziso Kuma-Mariners Zokulungisa Nokuphepha
Izaziso eziya kuma-Mariners ziwumthombo obalulekile wezibuyekezo. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kufaka phakathi:
- Ukulungisa ulwazi lwencwadi yolwandle kanye nemephu
- Ukumaka izimpawu ezintsha noma ezithuthelwe kwenye indawo
– Gwema izindawo zokuqeqeshwa kwezempi, ukumba imigodi, noma ukufakwa kwezintambo zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Umhambi oqeqeshiwe uzobuyekeza lezi zibuyekezo njalo futhi azigcinele ingobo yomlando ukuze kube lula ukuzilanda.
9. Izindlela Ezinhle Zokusebenzisa Izincwadi Zolwandle
Ukuze kusetshenziswe izincwadi zokudoba ukuze kusekelwe ukuphepha ngempela, kunconywa imikhuba emihle elandelayo:
– Dala uhlelo lwenkomba noma lokubekisa ukuze uthole ulwazi olubalulekile.
- Qaphela izinguquko ezibalulekile ku-Notices to Mariners ekhasini elifanele
– Gcina izincwadi zisesimweni esihle futhi uzivikele emanzini.
- Qeqesha ithimba labaqaphi bewashi ukuze lazi indawo yedatha ebalulekile
- Qinisekisa njalo ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni eminingana (isb. incwadi yokuhlolwa + imephu + i-NTM)
10. Isiphetho
Incwadi yemiyalelo yohambo lwasolwandle "iwumtapo wolwazi wokuphepha" womkhumbi. Ukuyisebenzisa akuyona nje into ehlelekile, kodwa yingxenye eyinhloko yokuzulazula kochwepheshe: kusukela ekuhleleni imizila, ukubala amagagasi, ukufunda imisinga, ukuhlonza ama-beacon, kuya ekubuyekezeni ulwazi oluyingozi. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezincwadi zemiyalelo yohambo lwasolwandle nokuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani ngokuhlelekile, abashayeli bamabhayisikili banganciphisa ingozi yokuma phansi, ukushayisana, kanye nokwephulwa kwezindawo ezivinjelwe. Ekugcineni, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezincwadi zemiyalelo yohambo lwasolwandle kusiza imikhumbi ukuthi ihambe ngokuphepha, ngempumelelo, nangokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kolwandle.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe yinguqulo yobuchwepheshe (isib. ephelele ngamafomula e-UKC, izibonelo zokubala kolwandle, kanye nefomethi yohlelo lokudlula) noma inguqulo elula yabafundi basemanzini/izikole zomsebenzi.
