Isayensi

Izikali ze-Celsius ne-Fahrenheit ziyizilinganiso zokushisa ezihlukile. Uma izinga lokushisa lento lilinganiswa futhi livezwa nge-Celsius bese sifuna ukuveza izinga lokushisa lento nge-Fahrenheit, siguqula kusuka ku-Celsius kuya ku-Fahrenheit. Kulesi sigaba, sifunda ukuthi singaguqula kanjani noma senze kanjani izinguquko zokushisa.

Uma ingcindezi ingu-1 atm, izinga lokushisa leqhwa le-thermometer ye-Celsius = 0 ^oC, kuyilapho isikali se-thermometer se-Fahrenheit = 32 ^oF. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekucindezelweni okungu-1 atm, izinga lokushisa lephuzu lomhwamuko le-thermometer yesikali se-Celsius = 100 ^oC, kuyilapho isikali se-thermometer se-Fahrenheit = 212 ^oF. Bheka isithombe esingezansi!

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Izinhlobo Zesilinganiso Se-Thermometer

Ukuze i-thermometer isetshenziswe ukukala izinga lokushisa, idinga ukuchazwa esikalini. Izikali ezimbili ze-thermometer ezisetshenziswa kakhulu isikali se-Celsius kanye nesikali se-Fahrenheit. Isikali sokushisa esisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia isikali se-Celsius. Elinye igama lesikali se-Celsius isikali se-centigrade. I-Centigrade = izinyathelo eziyikhulu. Isikali se-Fahrenheit sivame ukusetshenziswa e-United States noma emazweni anobusika obubandayo. Isikali sokushisa esibaluleke kakhulu kwisayensi isikali esiphelele, noma isikali se-Kelvin. Isikali se-Kelvin sizoxoxwa kamuva.

Izikali zeCelsius neFahrenheit zisebenzisa amaphuzu okuqandisa nokubila kwamanzi njengamaphuzu aqinile. Iphuzu lokuqandisa lento yizinga lokushisa lapho izigaba eziqinile neziwuketshezi zisesilinganisweni sokushisa . Ngokuphambene nalokho, iphuzu lokubila lento yizinga lokushisa lapho izigaba zoketshezi negesi zisesilinganisweni sokushisa. Amaphuzu okuqandisa nokubila ahlala eshintsha ngokucindezela komoya, ngakho-ke ukucindezela komoya kumele kunqunywe kuqala. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa ukucindezela okujwayelekile, okungu-1 atm (umkhathi owodwa). Umkhathi uyiyunithi yokucindezela komoya.

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Ukulinganiswa kwe-thermometer inqubo yokudala isikali ku-thermometer. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokulinganisa i -thermometer . Okokuqala , lungiselela i-thermometer ye-mercury noma i-thermometer yotshwala ngaphandle kwesikali. Okwesibili , lungiselela iqhwa elanele. Okwesithathu , lungiselela amanzi anele. Okwesine , lungiselela isifudumezi samanzi esingasetshenziswa ukushisa amanzi aze abilise. Okwesihlanu , faka iqhwa namanzi esitsheni (amanzi neqhwa anobunzima obufanayo). Ngemuva kwalokho, faka i-thermometer esitsheni esiqukethe amanzi neqhwa.

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I-thermometer iyithuluzi elenzelwe ukukala izinga lokushisa . Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-thermometer, kodwa zonke zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo. Ngokuvamile, sisebenzisa izinto ezishintsha ngokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lento lishintsha, ukuma nosayizi wayo nakho kuyashintsha. Ama-thermometer amaningi asebenzisa izinto ezikhula noma ezincipha ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

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Umthetho we-Zeroth wezinto ze-Thermodynamics

Kuze kube manje, sicabangele kuphela ukulingana kokushisa okubonwa izinto ezimbili ezithintanayo. Ukuze siqonde umqondo wokulingana kokushisa ngokujulile, ake sicabangele izinto ezintathu (ake sizibize ngokuthi into A, into B, kanye nento C). Isibonelo, izinto B no-C azithintani, kodwa into A ithintana nento B kanti into A ithintana nento C. Buka isithombe esingezansi.

Ngenxa yokuthi ziyathintana, izinto u-A no-B zisesilinganisweni sokushisa, futhi ngokufanayo izinto u-A no-C zisesilinganisweni sokushisa. Ingabe izinto u-B no-C, ezingathintani, nazo zisesilinganisweni sokushisa?

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Izinto Zokulingana Kokushisa

Wake waphuza itiye elibandayo? Itiye elibandayo lenziwa ngokuxuba amanzi etiye ashisayo neqhwa. Ngemva kokulixuba noma ukulivumela ukuthi lihlale imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa, ingxube yamanzi etiye ashisayo neqhwa iphenduka itiye elibandayo elibandayo. Amanzi etiye ashisayo anezinga lokushisa eliphakeme, kuyilapho iqhwa linezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uma amanzi etiye ashisayo exutshwa neqhwa esitsheni esinjengengilazi, okunye kokushisa okuvela emanzini ashisayo kudluliselwa eqhweni, ngakho izinga lokushisa letiye elibandayo liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lamanzi ashisayo futhi liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa leqhwa.

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Kuzizwa kanjani uma ugqoka izingubo ezimnyama ngosuku olushisayo noma uma uzivocavoca emini? Qhathanisa nalokho ogqoka izingubo ezimhlophe? Uma ugqoka izingubo ezimnyama emini, uzozizwa ushisa kalula. Kungani kunjalo? Ibanga eliphakathi kwelanga nomhlaba ekuseni licishe lifane nebanga eliphakathi kwelanga nomhlaba emini nakusihlwa. Pho kungani ekuseni nakusihlwa kupholile, kanti ntambama kushisa kakhulu? Impendulo yale mibuzo ihlobene nokudluliselwa kokushisa ngemisebe.

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Uma uhlala esihlalweni sokhuni, ubuso besihlalo sokhuni buyafudumala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma uhlala esihlalweni esenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi, ubuso besihlalo sensimbi noma sepulasitiki abuzizwa bufudumele ngemva kokuhlala kuso. Kungani ubuso besihlalo sokhuni bufudumala, kanti ubuso besihlalo sensimbi abufudumali? Kungani ukulala phansi okubandayo ngaphandle komatrasi kungabanga ubuhlungu? Wake wagqoka ijakethi ebandayo? Kungani amajakethi amaningi abandayo enziwe ngoboya? Kusenezinto eziningi okufanele uzicabange futhi uzibuze ngazo ezihlobene nesihloko sokudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya.

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Wake waba sebhishi ngosuku olunelanga? Ngosuku olunelanga, kuhlale kunomoya ovunguzayo usuka olwandle uye ezweni elisebhishi. Kungani kuhlale kunomoya ogwini futhi kungani umoya wasolwandle (umoya ovunguzayo usuka olwandle uye ezweni) uvela emini, futhi umoya wasemhlabeni (umoya ovunguzayo usuka ezweni uye olwandle) uvela ebusuku? Kungani amafu ehla ezintabeni ngesikhathi semvula? Kungani umoya uzwakala upholile? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zihlobene nokushisa okuqondile komhlaba nolwandle, ukwanda, ubuningi , kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa nge-convection ( ukudluliselwa kokushisa ). Ngokuqonda lesi sihloko kahle nangokufanele, ungaphendula imibuzo engenhla kanye neminye imibuzo ongayibuza kamuva.

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Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokudlulisa ukushisa noma ukudlulisa ukushisa , okuhlanganisa ukudlulisa ukushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kagesi, kanye nemisebe.

Ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuqhutshwa komoya. Lapho into enokushisa okuphezulu ihlangana nento enokushisa okuphansi, amandla asuka entweni enokushisa okuphezulu aye entweni enokushisa okuphansi. Amandla engeziwe abangela ukuthi ama-athomu nama-molecule akha into ahambe ngokushesha. Njengoba ehamba, ama-molecule anamandla e-kinetic (EK = ½ mv ² ). Ama-molecule ahamba ngokushesha (anamandla amakhulu e-kinetic) ahlangana nama-molecule aseduze kwawo. Lawa ma-molecule abe esehlangana namanye ama-molecule aseduze kwawo. Njalo njalo. Ngakho ama-molecule ahlangana, edlulisela amandla. Ukudluliselwa kokushisa okwenzeka ngokushayisana phakathi kwama-molecule akha into kubizwa ngokuthi i-conduction. I-conduction ivame ukwenzeka ezintweni eziqinile noma kusukela ezintweni eziqinile kuya ezintweni eziwuketshezi (uketshezi kuya ezintweni eziqinile) noma kusukela ezintweni eziqinile kuya kumagesi (amagesi kuya ezintweni eziqinile).

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